• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.337-343
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• 1997

With the purpose of producing easily the basal ganglia infarction into Chen's, scerebral ischemic model which is almost cortical infarct made by the ligation of distal part of MCA and 1 hr obliteration of both common carotid arteries in rat, the MCA obstruction was extended between rhinal fissure and olfactory tract with electrocauterization in place of 10-0 silk suture ligation of distal part of MCA. Both original Chen's model and modified Chen's have shown the cortical infarction in dorsolateral & lateral frontoparietal cortex, but not any infarction in basal ganglia. However, the modified Chen's model have shown the effect of average 12% increase in cortical infarct than that of original Chen's model. This experimental results suggest the modified Chen's model can not reduce the blood flow of the lateral lenticulostriatal artery enough to make the basal ganglia infarction and that blood circulation of basal gagglia under its condition is probably being kept partly through the posterior cerebral artery via vertebral artery. Therefore, The follow-up observation on ischemic time lapse would be needed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 1999

This experiment was carried out to investigate the bombesin immunoreactivity in suprachiasmatic nucleus in rat and Mongolian gerbil hypothalamus after colchicine treatment and analyze the morphological difference between rat and Mongolian gerbil which is focused for experimental animal model of neuronal and circulatory diseases. The results were as followings. 1. The shape of suprachiasmatic nucleus was triangle in rat, but oval or kidney-shape in Mongolian gerbil 2. The suprachiasmatic nucleus devided into ventrolateral portion and dorsomedial portion in rat, but dorsolateral portion and ventromedial portion or superior portion and inferior portion in Mongolian gerbil. 3. The area of suprachiasmatic nucleus of rat was greater than one of Mongolian gerbil. 4. The bombesin immunoreactivity showed after colcichine treatment in rat and Mogolian gerbil suprachiasmatic nucleus. 5. The bombesin immunoreactivity was stronger in ventrolateral portion than in dorsomedial portion of suprachiasmatic nucleus in rat, but in ventromedial or inferior portion than in dorsolateral or superior portion of suprachiasmatic nucleus in Mongolian gerbil. 6. The bombesin immunoreactivity showed at the oval, ellipsoid or triangular neurons and varicose nerve terminals in ventrorateral portion of rat, and only nerve terminals in dorsomedial portion of rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. But the bombesin immunoreativity didn't show at neurons of Mongolian gerbil suprachiasmatic nucleus.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.507-515
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• 2021

Postoperative ileus (POI), a symptom that occurs after abdominal surgery, reduces gastrointestinal motility. Although its mechanism is unclear, POI symptoms are known to be caused by inflammation 6 to 72 h after surgery. As proton pump inhibitors exhibit protective effect against acute inflammation, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ilaprazole on a POI rat model. POI was induced in rats by abdominal surgery. Rats were divided into six groups: control: normal rat + 0.5% CMC-Na, vehicle: POI rat + 0.5% CMC-Na, mosapride: POI rat + mosapride 2 mg/kg, ilaprazole 1 mg/kg: POI rat + ilaprazole 1 mg/kg, ilaprazole 3 mg/kg: POI rat + ilaprazole 3 mg/kg, and ilaprazole 10 mg/kg: POI rat + ilaprazole 10 mg/kg. Gastrointestinal motility was confirmed by measuring gastric emptying (GE) and gastrointestinal transit (GIT). In the small intestine, inflammation was confirmed by measuring TNF-α and IL-1β; oxidative stress was confirmed by SOD, GSH, and MDA levels; and histological changes were observed by H&E staining. Based on the findings, GE and GIT were decreased in the vehicle group and improved in the ilaprazole 10 mg/kg group. In the ilaprazole 10 mg/kg group, TNF-α and IL-1β levels were decreased, SOD and GSH levels were increased, and MDA levels were decreased. Histological damage was also reduced in the ilaprazole-treated groups. These findings suggest that ilaprazole prevents the decrease in gastrointestinal motility, a major symptom of postoperative ileus, and reduces inflammation and oxidative stress.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 1999

To evaluate the thrombolytic activity of streptokinase-dextran conjugate, a rat model of arterial thrombosis was used. Briefly, the femoral artery was exposed and a filter paper saturated with 70% $FeCl_3$ solution was placed around the femoral artery in order to stop the blood flow. Six minutes after the stop of the blood flow in the femoral artery, streptokinase $(10000{\sim}30000\;units\;per\;rat)$ or streptokinase-dextran conjugate $(5000{\sim}17000\;units\;per\;rat)$ was administered by i.v. bolus injection through the femoral vein. Then the blood flow in the femoral artery was monitored using a Doppler laser flow meter. The i.v. bolus administration of streptokinase could not restore the blood flow in the femoral artery in the dose range of $10000{\sim}30000$ units per rat. The i.v. bolus administration of streptokinase-dextran conjugate could restore the blood flow in the femoral artery in the dose range of $5000{\sim}17000$ units per rat. A good correlation between the dose of streptokinase-dextran conjugate and the total thrombolytic effect was observed. In addition, the lag time between the injection of streptokinase-dextran conjugate and the restoring of the blood flow was decreased as the i.v. dose of streptokinase dextran conjugate increased. These results show the superior beneficial effect of streptokinase-dextran conjugate compared with the unconjugated streptokinase with respect to the elongation of thrombolytic activity, the administration method (single injection versus continuous infusion), and the reduced dose necessary for a equivalent thrombolytic effect.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.565-571
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• 2016

Paeoniflorin (PAE) is the most abundant compound in Xuebijing injection widely used to treat sepsis. We aimed to investigate effect of PAE on expression of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) in a rat model of sepsis. Wistar rats were divided into Normal, Model, and PAE groups (n=20 each). Endotoxin was administrated at 5 mg/ml/kg in Model and PAE rats to establish rat sepsis model. 1 h after endotoxin administration, PAE was administrated at 4 ml/kg in PAE group once per day for 3 days. Routine blood tests and biochemical indexes were assessed, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB). The plasma sTREM-1 level was measured using quantitative ELISA. At the end of experiment, the small intestine, liver, kidney and lung were subjected to pathological examinations. A rat model of sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) was established successfully with endotoxin administration (5 mg/ml/kg), evidenced by histo-pathological examinations, routine blood tests and biochemical indexes: platelet count decreased and white blood cell count increased (p<0.05), CK-MB and AST increased (p<0.05). PAE treatment significantly reduced the plasma levels of AST, CK-MB, and sTREM-1, compared to Model group (p<0.05). Meanwhile, sepsis-induced damages in the liver, lung, stomach and intestinal mucosa were also markedly ameliorated by PAE treatment. PAE demonstrated a significantly protective effect in a rat model of sepsis by decreasing plasma sTREM-1 level, reducing inflammation, preventing MODS and protecting organ functions.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.323-328
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• 2011

Objective : Epidural fibrosis and adhesion are the main reasons for post-laminectomy sustained pain and functional disability. In this study, the authors investigate the effect of irradiated freeze-dried human amniotic membrane on reducing epidural adhesion after laminectomy on a rat model. Methods : A total of 20 rats were divided into two groups. The group A did not receive human amniotic membrane implantation after laminectomy and group B underwent human amniotic membrane implantation after laminectomy. Gross and microscopic findings were evaluated and compared at postoperative 1, 3 and 8 weeks. Results : The amount of scar tissue and tenacity were reduced grossly in group of rats with human amniotic membrane implantation (group B). On a microscopic evaluation, there were less inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroblast proliferation in group B. Conclusion : This experimental study shows that implantation of irradiated freeze-dried human amniotic membrane reduce epidural fibrosis and adhesion after spinal laminectomy in a rat model.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.180-185
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• 2022

Objective : Drug-eluting stents and balloons are occasionally used to reduce restenosis in medically intractable intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. The authors aimed to determine whether such drugs can cause neurotoxicity due to local effects in a rat model. Methods : Intra-arterial catheters were placed in the right common carotid artery of rats. Mannitol was injected to transiently open the brain-blood barrier (BBB), followed by high-dose drug (paclitaxel and rapamycin) injection. The optimal time interval of transient BBB opening for maximal drug penetration was determined to be 10 minutes. Paclitaxel and rapamycin were intra-arterially administered in various doses. All the rats were neurologically evaluated, and their brain tissues were histologically examined. Results : Neither neurological deficits nor histological abnormalities were observed in all the rats. Conclusion : Paclitaxel and rapamycin did not cause neurotoxicity in a rat model with transient BBB opening.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.203-209
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• 2008

Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid found in Coptidis Rhizoma(goldenthread) extract, has multiple pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anti-ischemic effects. In the present study, we examined the effects of berberine on neuronal survival and differentiation in a hippocampal precursor cell line and in the memory deficient rat model. Berberine increased in a dose dependent manner the survival of hippocampal precursor cells as well as differentiated cells. In addition, berberine promoted neuronal differentiation of hippocampal precursor cells. In the memory deficient rat model induced by stereotaxic injection of ibotenic acid into entorhinal cortex(Ibo model), hippocampal cells were increased about 2.7 fold in the pyramidal layer of CA1 region and about 2 fold in the dentate gyrus by administration of berberine after 2 weeks of ibotenic acid injection. Furthermore, neuronal cells immunoreactive to calbindin were increased in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex area by administration of berberine. Taken together, these results suggest that berberine has neuroprotective effect in the Ibo model rat brain by promoting the neuronal survival and differentiation.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.408-413
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• 1998

To establish prediabetes in vitro/ model concerning the etiology of Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) in cellular level we have designed experimental prediabefic model in pancreatic beta cells. RINm5F, HIT-T15 and isolated rat islets were chosen as pancreatic beta cells. Since interleukin-$1{\beta}$-induced beta cell cytotoxicity has been implicated in the autoimmune cytotoxicity of IDDM, we used inteleukin-$1{\beta}$ as diabetogenic agent. For establishment of prediabetic in vitro model, the degree of beta cell deterioration was determined by cell proliferation, insulin release and morphological appearance. Cell proliferation, insulin release and morphology were changed dose-dependently in condition that inteleuldn-$1{\beta}$ was exposured to pancreatic beta cells. The concentration and exposure time of interleukin-$1{\beta}$ to set up prediabetic model in beta cell lines and isolated rat islets were 100${\sim}$1000U/ml, 48hr. And 25${\sim}$100U/ml, 48hr, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.41-46
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• 2008

Computed tomography (CT) is a medical imaging method employing tomography. CT is a 3-Dimensional (3-D) radiographic imaging technique, which is not suited for assessment of inflammation, but can be considered a reference method for assessment of bone damage, due to its direct 3-D visualization of calcified tissue. In this study of pathological joint changes in a rat model of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) and quality analysis of bone destructions were performed by 3-Dimensional computed tomography images. These data demonstrate that the destructive progression of disease in a rat AIA model can be quantified using 3-D CT image analysis, which allows assessment of arthritic disease status and efficacy of experimental therapeutic agents.