• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2013

The seismic response of RC space frame structures with isolated footing resting on a shallow soil stratum on rock is presented in this paper. Homogeneous soil stratum of different stiffness in the very soft to stiff range is considered. Soil, footing and super structure are considered to be the parts of an integral system. A finite element model of the integrated system is developed and subjected to scaled acceleration time histories recorded during two different real earthquakes. Dynamic analysis is performed using mode superposition method of transient analysis. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of flexibility of soil in the dynamic behaviour of low-rise building frames. The time histories and Fourier spectra of roof displacement, base shear and structural response quantities of the space frame on compliant base are presented and compared with the fixed base condition. Results indicate that the incorporation of soil flexibility is required for the realistic estimate of structural seismic response especially for single storey structures resting on very soft soil.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.170-170
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• 2010

The energy conversion from the temperature difference between hot and cold source like ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), requires a long and large-diameter pipe (about 1000 to 10,000 meters long) to reach the deep water. The pipe diameter ranges from 2.8 meter for proposed early test systems, to 5 meter for large, commercial power generation systems. The pipe must be designed to resist collapsing pressures produced by water temperature and density differences, and the reduced pressure required to induce flow up the pipe. Other design considerations include the external-drag effect on the pipe due to ocean currents, and the wave-induced motions of the platform to which the pipe is attached. Various approaches to the pipe construction have been proposed, including aluminum, steel, concrete, and fiberglass. More recently, a flexible pipe construction involving the use of fiberglass reinforced plastic has been proposed. This report presents the results of a scaled fixed cold water pipe (CWP) model test program performed by EES(Engineering Equation Solver) to demonstrate the feasibility of this pipe approach.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.199.1-199.1
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• 2010

Use of recycled aggregates that are constituents of concrete or asphalt-based structures has become popular because the recycling is an eco-friendly way to overcome the depletion of natural aggregates. In order to adopt the recycled aggregates for backfilling a power transmission pipeline trench, their thermal resistivity should be low enough to prevent thermal runaway in the transmission system. In this study, a series of laboratory tests with QTM-500 and KD2 Pro was performed to measure the thermal resistivity of recycled aggregates prepared from various sources. Relationships between the thermal resistivity of recycled aggregates and the water content have been obtained with consideration of compaction effort. Similar to natural soils, the thermal resistivity of the recycled aggregates decreases with increasing the water content. In addition, this study compared the experimental data with conventional prediction models for the thermal resistivity in the literature, which suggests the availability of the recycled aggregates as backfill material substituting for natural aggregates when backfilling the power transmission pipeline trench.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.105-122
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• 2007

This paper identifies the dimensions of political risk on the basis of the classification between risk and uncertainties to implement the precise identification and assessment of the various types of political risk and develop the sound assessment model to accomplish their practical applications. This paper shows the concrete and detailed processes of deriving the assessment models and applying them with the microsoft excel spreadsheet, confirms the result of Butler and Joaquin(1998), and presents the methods of identifying the various combination effects of the political risk impact and the covariance relationship with the market portfolio return through the sensitivity analysis.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.65-70
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• 2008

The capacity spectrum method (CSM) is a deterministic seismic analysis approach wherein the expected seismic response of a structure is established as the intersection of the demand and capacity curves. Recently, there are a few studies about a probabilistic CSM where uncertainties in design factors such as material properties, loads, and ground motion are being considered. However, researches show that soil-structure interaction also affects the seismic responses of structures. Thus, their uncertainties should also be taken into account. Therefore, this paper presents a probabilistic approach of using the CSM for seismic analysis considering uncertainties in soil properties. For application, a reinforced concrete bridge column structure is employed as a test model. Considering the randomness of the various design parameters, the structure's probability of failure is obtained. Monte Carlo importance sampling is used as the tool to assess the structure's reliability when subjected to earthquakes. In this study, probabilistic CSM with and without consideration of soil uncertainties are compared and analyzed. Results show that the analysis considering soil structure interaction yields to a greater probability of failure, and thus can lead to a more conservative structural design.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.360-363
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• 2009

토목구조물의 설계 패러다임이 2차원에서 3차원으로 전환될 때 효율성과 재활용성의 관건이 되는 기술적 제약사항이 호환성이다. 대부분의 캐드 엔진이 형상모델 수준에서 호환성 혹은 연계성을 지원하고 있지만 3차원 정보모델에서 요구하는 정보모델의 호환성은 지원하고 있지 않은 실정이다. 이 논문에서는 콘크리트 박스 교량에 대해서 3차원 교량 정보 모델을 구성하고 건설 프로세서에서 이를 활용할 수 있는 방안을 시범적으로 적용한 사례를 정리하였다. 적용 대상 구조물은 FSM 공법으로 시공되는 경간 40미터의 콘크리트 박스거더 교량이다. 견적, 시공시뮬레이션, 해석 등의 프로세서의 요구사항을 반영한 분류체계에 따라 형상모델의 체계를 정의하고 각각의 형상모델 단위에 정보를 부여하는 방식을 사용하였다. 개별 프로세서를 위한 솔류션에서 이러한 형상과 정보가 연계된 내용을 받아들이거나 캐드 엔진에서 필요한 형태로 내보내는 방식을 모두 시도하였다. 3차원 형상 모델과 시간이 부여된 4D 시뮬레이션을 활용하여 공사 스케쥴에 따라 모델 레이어 분류 작업으로 공사 진행 단계가 가상으로 보여진다. 시범 적용을 통해서 가상건설 시스템의 구성하는 개별 솔류션 혹은 정보체계에 대한 문제점과 개선사항을 도출하였다.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.19-24
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• 2015

Security has been a major concern in software development. Security tactics are reusable building blocks providing a general solution for recurring security concerns at the architectural level. They are often used together with architectural patterns which provide a general solution for architecting software systems. However, use of security tactics in architectural patterns has been understood only conceptually without concrete understanding of how their involved elements should be structurally and behaviorally co-designed. In this paper, we present model-driven analyses of security tactics in the context of Broker architectural patterns and provide evidences of the analyses in real world case studies.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.237-262
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• 2015

In this study, we try to compare different intensity measures for evaluating nonlinear response of bridge structure. This paper presents seismic analytic fragility of a three-span concrete girder highway bridge. A complete detail of bridge modeling parameters and also its verification has been presented. Fragility function considers the relationship of intensities of the ground motion and probability of exceeding certain state of damage. Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) has been subjected to the bridge from medium to strong ground motions. A suite of 20 earthquake ground motions with different range of PGAs are used in nonlinear dynamic analysis of the bridge. Complete sensitive analyses have been done on the response of bridge and also efficiency and practically of them are studied to obtain a proficient intensity measure for these types of structure by considering its sensitivity to the period of the bridge. Three dimensional finite element (FE) model of the bridge is developed and analyzed. The numerical results show that the bridge response is very sensitive to the earthquake ground motions when PGA and Sa (Ti, 5%) are used as intensity measure (IM) and also indicated that the failure probability of the bridge system is dominated by the bridge piers.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.5
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• pp.81-105
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• 1984

The intention of this study was: 1) to standardize the Korean version of the Dogmatism Scale, 2) to examine whether environmental structure affects value systems such as attitudes toward work, time perspective and the personality dimension of dogmatism in adolescent vocational and non-vocational trainees, 3) to examine relationships between those value systems and group differences in personality characteristics of vocational and non-vocational trainees, 4) to observe whether there are differences between high-dogmatism and low-dogmatism subjects with regard to attitudes toward work and future time perspective. The subjects for the study included 841 adolescent vocational (226) and nonvocational (615) from vocational training centers, schools and universities in Seoul. The instruments used in this study were 1) a questionnaire for attitudes toward work, 2) the Future Time Perspective (FTP) developed by Christiansen and 3) the Dogmatism Scale. The results of the present study indicated that behavior settings or environmental variables such as organization type affect the formation of attitudes and of dogmatism in adolescents. The results also showed that dogmatism relates to future time perspectives. This differs from Rokeach's theoretical statements. Dogmatism in this study was related to time perspective, the relationships were optimistic in emotional areas, long-term in direction and concrete in structure. The inconsistency between the results of the present study and Rokeach's suggests further study. A "Psycho-Environmental Model" for the formation of value systems based on the results of this and earlier research of the author were discussed.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.325-343
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• 2018

This study aims to propose a performance-based design method of a novel passive base isolation system, BIO isolation system, which is inspired by an energy dissipation mechanism called 'sacrificial bonds and hidden length'. Fragility functions utilized in this study are derived, indicating the probability that a component, element, or system will be damaged as a function of a single predictive demand parameter. Based on PEER framework methodology for Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering (PBEE), a systematic design procedure using performance and fragility objectives is presented. Base displacement, superstructure absolute acceleration and story drift ratio are selected as engineering demand parameters. The new design method is then performed on a general two degree-of-freedom (2DOF) structure model and the optimal design under different seismic intensities is obtained through numerical analysis. Seismic performances of the biologically inspired (BIO) isolation system are compared with that of the linear isolation system. To further demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this method, the BIO isolation system of a 4-storey reinforced concrete building is designed and investigated. The newly designed BIO isolators effectively decrease the superstructure responses and base displacement under selected earthquake excitations, showing good seismic performance.