• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal mixing conditions of different amounts of Jinuni beans and fresh cream for the preparation of Jinuni bean chocolate. An experiment was designed using the central composite design of the response surface, which required 10 experimental treatments including 2 replicates for the Jinuni bean and fresh cream. The compositional and functional properties of the treatments were measured and these values were applied to the mathematical model. A canonical form and perturbation plot showed the influence of each ingredient on the mixture products. The color value L (Lightness) decreased with an increase in the amount of added Jinuni bean but the color value a (redness) and color value b (yellowness) did not change. In addition, the hardness value increased with the addition of the Jinuni bean. The results of the sensory evaluation showed very significant differences in the values of the texture (p<0.01), taste (p<0.05), and overall quality (p<0.01). As a result, the optimum formulations as determined by the numerical and graphical methods were 27.98 g of Jinuni bean and 67.0 g of fresh cream.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2007

산화제 과잉 예연소기는 고성능 닫힘형 액체추진로켓 시스템에 적용된다. 이러한 산화제 과잉 연소기는 산화제-연료 혼합비가 약 50이상에서 작동하므로, 예연소기에서 분무특성과 혼합성능이 연소 안정성에 큰 영향을 주게 된다. 본 연구에서는 예연소기에 적용 가능한 분사기를 설계하고, 유량측정 및 가시화 실험을 통해 연료 및 산화제의 분무각을 측정하고, Recess length에 따른 분무특성의 변화를 확인하여 산화제 과잉 예연소기 분사기의 분무특성을 연구하였으며, 이러한 실험결과는 산화제 과잉 예연소기 분사기를 설계할 수 있는 기초자료로 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

냉각장치가 있는 실험용액체로켓엔진으로 연소실험을 수행하였다. 냉각제의 온도변화를 측정하여 추력실에서 발생하는 열 유속을 계산하였고, 이 결과를 기 개발된 수치해석 방법에 의해 예측한 열유속과 비교하였다. 그 결과 9%이내의 오차를 보이므로 개발된 수치해석 방법은 실제 로켓엔진의 설계 및 제작에 이용 가능하며, 연소압 및 혼합비가 열 유속에 일정한 비례관계를 가지고 영향을 미치고 있음을 고찰하였다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.617-626
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal mixing conditions of three different amounts of seatangle powder, sugar, and butter in germinated brown rice cookie prepared with seatangle powder. The experiment was designed according to the Central Composite Design of response surface, which showed 16 experimental points including 2 replicates for seatangle powder, sugar and butter. The mechanical and sensory properties of each test were measured, and these values were applied to the mathematical models. A canonical form and perturbation plot showed the influence of each ingredient on the final product mixture. The L value, a value and b value decreased with increasing seatangle powder content and increased with sugar content. The a value and b value increased with increasing butter content, whereas the L value decreased with increasing butter content. Hardness decreased with increasing butter content. The results of sensory evaluation showed very significant values for texture (p<0.001), taste (p<0.01), and overall quality (p<0.05). As a result, the optimum formulation by numerical and graphical methods was calculated to be seatangle powder 4.25 g, sugar 49.86 g, and butter 58.23 g.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.234-242
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• 2009

This study was performed to find the optimum ratio of ingredients for the manufacture of kiwifruit jam. The experiment was designed according to the D-optimal design of RSM (response surface methodology), which included 18 experimental points with 4 replicates for three independent variables (sugar $35{\sim}60%$, pectin $0.1{\sim}1.0.%$, kiwifruit paste $0.37{\sim}0.90%$). The compositional and functional properties of the prepared products were measured, and these values were applied to mathematical models. A canonical form and trace plot showed the influence of each variable on the quality attributes of the final product mixture. By use of the F-test, viscosity, color values (L, a, b), and sensory characteristics (color) were expressed by a linear model, while the L color value and select sensory characteristics (smell, taste, overall acceptance) were also expressed by a quadratic model. The optimum formulations by the numerical and graphical methods, were similar, and with the numerical method it presented as: sugar, pectin, and barley sproutling powder at 49.7%, 0.5%, and 0.6%, respectively. The above results demonstrate the feasibility of preparing kiwifruit jam added with barley sproutling powder, and therefore, the commercialization of a kiwifruit jam marketed as a functional food is deemed possible.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.221-236
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• 2016

The aim of this paper is to investigate the compressive behavior and characteristics of amorphous metallic fiber-reinforced concrete (AMFRC). Compressive tests were carried out for two primary parameters: fiber volume fractions ($V_f$) of 0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.8 %; and design compressive strengths of 27, 35, and 50 MPa at the age of 28 days. Test results indicated that the addition of amorphous metallic fibers in concrete mixture enhances the toughness, strain corresponding to peak stress, and Poisson's ratio at high stress level, while the compressive strength at the 28-th day is less affected and the modulus of elasticity is reduced. Based on the experimental results, prediction equations were proposed for the modulus of elasticity and strain at peak stress as functions of fiber volume fraction and concrete compressive strength. In addition, an analytical model representing the entire stress-strain relationship of AMFRC in compression was proposed and validated with test results for each concrete mix. The comparison showed that the proposed modeling approach can properly simulate the entire stress-strain relationship of AMFRC as well as the primary mechanical properties in compression including the modulus of elasticity and strain at peak stress.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.285-290
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• 2013

$Ti_2AlN$ composites are a laminated compounds that posses unique combination of typical ceramic properties and typical metallic(Ti alloy) properties. In this paper, the powder synthesis, SPS sintering, composite characteristics and machinability evaluation were systematically conducted. The random orientation characteristics and good crystallization of the $Ti_2AlN$ phase are observed. The electrical and thermal conductivity of $Ti_2AlN$ is higher than that of Ti6242 alloy. A machining test was carried out to compare the effect of material properties on micro electrical discharge drilling for $Ti_2AlN$ composite and Ti6242 alloy. Also, mixture table as a kind of tables of orthogonal arrays was used to know how parameter is main effective at experimental design. Consequently, hybrid $Ti_2AlN$ ceramic composites showed good machining time and electrode wear shape under micro ED-drilling process. This conclusion proves the feasibility in the industrial applications.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제8권4B호
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• pp.541-547
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• 1999

Reactive ion etching process for InP using BCl3/O2/Ar high density inductively coupled plasma was investigated. The experimental design method proposed by the Taguchi was utilized to cover the whole parameter range while maintaining reasonable number of actual experiments. Results showed that the ICP power and the chamber pressure were the two dominant parameters affectsing etch results. It was also observed that the etch rate decreased and the surface roughness improved as the ICP power and the bias voltage increased and as the chamber pressure decreased. The Addition of oxygen to the gas mixture drastically improved surface roughness by suppressing the formation of the surface reaction product. The optimum condition was ICP power 600W, bias voltage -100V, 10% $O_2$, 6mTorr, and $180^{\circ}C$, resulting in about 0.15$\mu\textrm{m}$ etch rate with smooth surfaces and vertical mesa sidewalls Also, the maximum etch rate of abut 4.5 $\mu\textrm{m}$/min was obtained at the condition of ICP power 800W, bias voltage -150V, 15% $O_2$, 8mTorr and $160^{\circ}C$.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2009년도 제33회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.49-53
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• 2009

본 논문은 액체로켓용 이중 와류 동축 분사기의 유량 특성에 대한 실험적 연구 결과를 수록하였다. 분사기의 추진제 유량 공급 특성은 매우 중요한 로켓엔진 연소장치 설계 인자이다. 분사기 유량 특성 파악을 위해 상온시험은 물을, 연소시험은 액체산소와 케로신을 사용하였다. 상온 시험 결과와 달리 연소시험 유량 계수는 혼합비, 리세스 비 변경에 따라 변화하며 그 변화 정도는 분사기 형상과 작동 조건에 따라 다르다. 연소시험 산화제 측 유량 계수 변동 원인은 물성값 변화에 따른 화염 구조 변화에 의한 것으로 판단된다.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

Purpose: To determine the effects of 10 % lidocaine spray and aroma hand massage on pain, anxiety, blood pressure, and pulse during arteriovenous (AV) fistula needling in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design. Forty HD patients were assigned to either 10 % lidocaine spray group (n=21) or aroma massage group (n=19). 10 % lidocaine was sprayed 3 times around AV fistula 10 minutes before. Aroma hand massage was performed for 5 minutes with fluids containing 2 % of lavender, peppermint, and geranium concentrate mixture. Pain, anxiety, blood pressure, and pulse were measured during AV fistula needling without any intervention on the first week and during interventions on the second week. Data were analyzed with ${\chi}^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, paired t-test and MANCOVA. Results: Pain and anxiety were significantly decreased in both the lidocaine spray group and aroma massage group. Aroma hand massage was more effective to reduce pulse during AV fistula needling. Conclusion: The results suggest that 10% lidocaine spray and aroma hand massage may be effective to reduce pain, anxiety, and pulse during AV fistula needling in HD patients.