• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.492-499
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• 2024

Objective: The objective was to determine the influence of amino acid (AA) supplementation during the adaptation period on the ileal digestibility of crude protein and AA in corn and soybean meal (SBM) fed to pigs. Methods: Six barrows with an initial body weight of 30.9±2.6 kg fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum were assigned to a 6×6 Latin square design with 6 dietary treatments and 6 periods. Two experimental diets contained corn or SBM as the sole AA source and an N-free diet was additionally prepared. For AA supplementation groups, an AA mixture consisted of Gly, Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, Ile, Val, His, and Phe was added to the corn diet and the N-free diet at the expense of cornstarch, and an AA mixture of Lys, Met, and Thr was added to the SBM diet. All diets contained 0.5% of chromic oxide. The 6 experimental diets were fed to the pigs for four and half days, and the 3 diets containing an AA mixture were switched to the respective diets without AA mixture during the following two and half days. Ileal digesta were collected on days 6 and 7. Results: The addition of an AA mixture during the adaptation period increased apparent ileal digestibility of Arg and Trp in corn (p<0.05) but did not affect that in SBM. The addition of an AA mixture during the adaptation period increased apparent ileal digestibility of Pro and Gly regardless of feed ingredient (p<0.05) but did not affect that of other AA. All AA except Pro in corn and SBM were unaffected by the addition of the AA mixture during the adaptation period. Conclusion: The addition of amino acids to a low-protein diet during the adaptation period does not affect the standardized ileal digestibility of indispensable amino acids in pigs.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.405-406
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• 2010

This paper is a study about application of recently proposed Performance Based Mixture Design (PBMD) for design of high strength concrete (HSC) to obtain HSC mix proportion that satisfies required performances. Based on extensive experimental results obtained for various material and performance parameters of HSC, the application feasibility of the developed PBMD procedure for HSC has been verified. Also, the proposed PBMD procedure has been used to perform application examples to obtain desired target performances of HSC with optimum concrete mixture proportions using locally available materials, local environmental conditions, and available concrete production technologies.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.401-404
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• 2008

This study exploited the design of mixture proportion for the high strength concrete to establish the method of the quality control and high strength ready-mixed concrete for the application to the construction filed systematically how to output the estimated formula which could forecast mixture proportion for the high strength concrete classed 40${\sim}$60MPa through a experiment. It might contribute for systematic establishment of the method of the quality control and high strength ready-mixed concrete because it was possessed of the function of common data though a server, preservation and output of data, and estimation for the design of mixture proportion for the high strength concrete due to the experimental result, and Visual Basic, MS-SQL were used. Simply, it was produced corresponding to the condition of a laboratory, so it could be fundamental data for the design of mixture proportion for the high strength concrete. If upgrade is enforced with mixture proportion data of the each factory after then, it may contribute to the stability on quality and manufacture of high strength ready-mixed concrete to agree with the properties of each factory.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.782-794
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for preparation of cooked brown rice by blending brown rice, white rice and glutinous rice to improve the palatability. Formulations composed of brown rice (10~100%), white rice (0~90%) and glutinous rice (0~90%) were generated from an extreme-vertices of mixture experimental design, which showed ten experimental points for brown rice, with white rice and glutinous rice as the independent variables. The sensory evaluation, color, and texture profile analysis (TPA) of cooked brown rice and pasting characteristics of blending cereals flour were measured as response variables. Regression analysis showed that all responsible variables fit linear, quadratic or special cubic models (p<0.1), except for the cohesiveness of TPA. The goals of optimization of the blending ratio of brown rice, white rice and glutinous rice were given as appearance, flavor, texture and overall acceptability (lower: 5.50, target: 6.62). The optimal conditions were determined to be 34.55% brown rice, 42.71% white rice and 22.74% glutinous rice.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.335-343
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• 2010

Steel corrosion in reinforced concrete (RC) structures is a critical problem to structural safety and many researches are being actively conducted on developing methods to maintain the required performance of the RC structures during their intended service lives. In this study, concrete mixture proportioning technique through genetic algorithm (GA) for RC structures under carbonation, which is considered to be serious in underground site and big cities, is investigated. For this, mixture proportions and diffusion coefficients of $CO_2$ from the previous researches were analyzed and fitness function for $CO_2$ diffusion coefficient was derived through regression analysis. This function based on the 12 experimental results consisted of 5 variables including water-cement ratio (W/C), cement content, sand percentage, coarse aggregate content per unit volume of concrete in unit, and relative humidity. Through genetic algorithm (GA) technique, simulated mixture proportions were proposed for 3 cases of verification and they showed reasonable results with less than relative error of 10%. Finally, assuming intended service life, different exposure conditions, design parameters, intended $CO_2$ diffusion coefficients, and cement contents were determined and related mixture proportions were simulated. This proposed technique is capable of suggesting reasonable mix proportions and can be modified based on experimental data which consider various mixing components like mineral admixtures.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.351-354
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• 2017

An experimental design method was used to optimize the synthesis of gamma-alumina with a superior thermal stability using the reverse micelle method. First, twelve experimental conditions were derived by using the mixture design method to optimize conditions for the ratio of surfactant, water and oil, which are main factors in the synthesis process. When the particles synthesized by reverse micelle method were calcined at $900^{\circ}C$ under the designed condition, they all had gamma-alumina crystal structure although there were differences in particle sizes. The coefficient of determination of the second-order regression model using the derived experimental results was 93.68% and the P-value was 0.002. The synthesis conditions forgamma-alumina with various particle sizes were presented using surface and contour lines. As a result, it was calculated that the smallest particle size of about 2.8 nm was synthesized when the ratio of surfactant/water/oil was 0.3450/0.0729/0.5821.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.579-590
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• 2014

Purpose: Ball milling is a popular process for obtaining fine powders in the part and material industry. One of important issues in the ball milling is to produce particles with a uniform size. Although many factors affect uniformity of particles, this paper focuses on the choice of ball diameter. Consider a ball milling where balls can be taken with three different diameters. The purpose of this paper is to find a ball mix which minimizes the average particle size. Methods: Ball diameters are selected as 10mm, 3mm, and 0.5mm. In order to find an optimum mixing ratio, the method of mixture experiments is employed in this paper. Taguchi's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for smaller-the-better type is also used to analyze experimental data. Results: According to the experimental result, SNR is maximized when the ball mix is taken as either 7:3:0 or 6:4:0. Such mixing ratios can be technically validated in terms of porosity reduction. Conclusion: The ball mixing technique presented in this paper provides a useful way to improve the production efficiency with a low cost.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.1-5
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• 2009

This investigation is applied Taguchi method and the analysis of variance(ANOVA) to the reactive ion etching(RIE) characteristics of $SiO_2$ film coated on a wafer with Experimental Analysis and Optimization of $CF_4/O_2$ Plasma Etching Process mixture. Plans of experiments via nine experimental runs are based on the orthogonal arrays. A $L_9$ orthogonal array was selected with factors and three levels. The three factors included etching time, RF power, gas mixture ratio. The etching rate of the film were measured as a function of those factors. In this study, the etching thickness mean and uniformity of thickness of the RIE are adopted as the quality targets of the RIE etching process. The partial factorial design of the Taguchi method provides an economical and systematic method for determining the applicable process parameters. The RIE are found to be the most significant factors in both the thickness mean and the uniformity of thickness for a RIE etching process.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.2337-2346
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• 1996

One of the most useful method for increasing combustion loading of premixed flame is to strengthen the turbulent intensity of unburned mixture. It produces an important information to a design of efficient combustion equipment that analysing microstructure of strong turbulence premixed flame. The flame structure and characteristics are depend on the turbulence of unburned mixture. Therefore, to strengthen the turbulent intensity of unburned mixture make flame scale small and accomplish efficient combustion. We measured the velocity of local flame front movements, local eddy radius and local reaction zone thickness quantitatively with increasing turbulent intensity of unburned mixture. We researched the microstructure of flame using ion currents that react sensitively in the reaction zone. Consequently, the velocity of local flame front movements is depend on the velocity of unburned mixture and local eddy scale is to be small with increasing turbulent intensity. But there is no change in local reaction zone thickness with turbulence.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.104-105
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• 1999

This study was performend to examine Poisson's ration of polymer-modified asphalt concrete due to temperature variatino . Asphalt binder used in this study was an AC85-100, penetration grade of 85-100, and polymer for modifying asphalt were domestic LDPE(Low-density polyethylene) and SBS(Styrene-butadiene-styrene). Aggregate was a crushed gneiss which was most widely used in the middle part of Korea. Using these materias, asphalt mixture slab(340mm$\times$240mm$\times$80mm) with optimum asphalt content from mix design was made and cut into square pillar (80mm$\times$80mm$\times$160mm). Poisson's ration was measured in various temperture (-15$^{\circ}C$, -1$0^{\circ}C$, -5$^{\circ}C$,$0^{\circ}C$,5$^{\circ}C$,1$0^{\circ}C$ and 2$0^{\circ}C$) under the load of one axis repeated compression mode. Poisson's ration of normal asphalt polymer modified asphalt mixtures in normal temperatures. This indicated that AP mixture was more susceptible to temperature effects. From regression aalysis of experimental results, the difference of Poisson's ration between normal and low temperature showed that polymer modified asphalt mixture were lower than AP mixture except for SBS modified asplat mixture.