• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.6.1-6.6
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• 2017

Background: This study was aim to observe the effects of feeding mixed local hay (MH) consisted of 55% orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.), 35% tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and 10% red clover (Trifolium pratense) to Hanwoo steers on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality (longissimus thoracis) compared with feeding imported timothy hay (TH) and local rice straw (RS). Results: Although no significant effects were found on animal performance and carcass yield grade, the carcasses of MH group had higher marbling score and quality grade than those of RS and TH group (P < 0.05). Therefore, higher fat content (P < 0.001), lower shear force and hardness value in the beef of MH group than that of other groups were observed. Furthermore, the beef of MH group had higher CIE $a^*$ value (redness) than that of other groups and feeding MH to Hanwoo steers lowered n-6 to n-3 fatty acids ratio in beef. Conclusions: Mixed hay provided benefits on meat quality and could be used for Hanwoo fattening program.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2016

The Nasometer is most commonly used to assess the presence and degree of resonance problems in clinical settings and it provides nasalance scores to identify the acoustic correlates of nasality. Nasalance scores are influenced by factors related to speakers and speech stimuli. This study aims to examine the effect of vowel context and length of stimuli and age on nasalance scores. The participants were 20 adults and 45 children ranging in age from 3 to 5 years. The stimuli consisted of 12 sentences containing no nasal consonants. The stimuli in the three vowel contexts (low, high, and mixed) consisted of 4, 8, 16, and 31-syllable long sentences. Speakers were asked to repeat each stimulus after examiner. The results indicated significant effects of vowel contexts and stimulus length on nasalance scores. The nasalance scores for the high vowel contexts were significantly higher than those for the mixed and low vowel contexts. The nasalance scores for the mixed vowel contexts were significantly higher than those for the low vowel contexts. Speakers had higher nasalance scores for 4-syllable long sentences and 31-syllable long sentences than for 16-syllable long sentences. The effect of age on nasalance scores was not significant. The results of the study suggest that the vowel context and length of speech stimuli should be carefully considered when interpreting the nasalance scores.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.121-127
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• 1968

In the oligomerization of p-aminophenol under the catalytic action of the metallic complexes, the effects of the ligands are studied. When the initial velocity of $O_2$ uptake at pH 8 using Fe(Ⅲ) as the central metal and N-hydroxylethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), 1,2-cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid(CyDTA) as the ligands respectively are compared, the velocities are as the following order: HEDTA > EDTA > DTPA > CyDTA. Further when the effect of the ligands, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), HEDTA, EDTA, and DTPA, on the yields of oligomers are compared, the result shows as the following order: NTA > HEDTA > EDTA > DTPA. These are nearly reverse order of the stability constants of the complexes. In order to determine the composition of the mixed complexes at the initial step, the method of continuous variation is used, and it is found that the composition ratio of Fe-EDTA complex to monomer in the mixed complexes is one at pH 5-8 range. It is also found that at pH 9 or in the more alkaline range, side reactions occur to form water soluble dimer of quinone type and the catalytic action of the metallic complex markedly decreases on account of the hydrolysis of the central metal by the $OH^-$ ion.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1990

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of blood-mixed and heat-treated protein feeds on protein degradation in the rumen, flow of protein to the abomasums and availability of undegraded protein in the intestine of sheep in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Soybean oil meal, rapeseed meal, and whole soybean were mixed with fresh swine blood and dried at $140^{\circ}C$ for 2 h. Proportionate disappearance of apparently digested OM in the postrumen for the blood and heat treated protein group was ranged from 43.2 to 50.5% as compared with 28.0% for the unheated soybean oil meal diet. The treated protein supplements were resulted in greater total N and NAN flow passing at the abomasums than untreated soybean oil meal diet was fed. The quantities of undegraded feed N passing at the abomasums for the treated protein diets was approximately twice as high as that of the untreated soybean oil meal diet and the estimated amount of undegraded N of the protein supplement itself was 79.1 to 84.2% as compared with 15% of soybean oil meal.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2018

Purpose: A large number of attributes with mixed levels are often considered in the conjoint analysis. In the cases where attributes have two or three levels, we research on the efficient design of survey questionnaire to estimate all the main effect and two factor interaction effects with a reasonable size of it. Methods: To reduce the number of questions in a questionnaire, the balanced incomplete block mixed level factorial design with minimum aberration was proposed by Lim and Chung (2016). Based on the number of questions and that of the respondents in that design, D-optimality criterion is adopted to find efficient designs where the main effect and two factor interaction effects are estimated. Results: The list of the number of questions and that of the respondents in efficient designs for survey questionnaire are recommended based on the D-efficiency of each design and the proposed selection criteria for the number of both questions and the respondents. By analyzing all the respondents survey data generated by the simulation study, we find the proper model. Conclusion: The proposed methods of designing survey questionnaires seem to perform well in the sense that how often the proper model is found in a simulation study where all the respondents survey data are generated by the simulation model.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.560-564
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• 2013

${\small{D}}$-Ribose is a value-added five-carbon sugar used for riboflavin production. To investigate the effects of oxygen supply and mixed sugar concentration on microbial production of ${\small{D}}$-ribose, a transketolase-deficient Bacillus subtilis SPK1 was cultured batch-wise using xylose and glucose. A change of agitation speed from 300 rpm to 600 rpm at 1 vvm of air supply increased both the xylose consumption rate and ${\small{D}}$-ribose production rate. Because the sum of the specific consumption rates for xylose and glucose was similar at all agitation speeds, metabolic preferences between xylose and glucose might depend on oxygen supply. Although B. subtilis SPK1 can take up xylose and glucose by the active transport mechanism, a high initial concentration of xylose and glucose was not beneficial for high ${\small{D}}$-ribose production.

• 약학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.361-369
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• 1987

The four azo dyes such as Amaranth (FD & C Red No. 2), Tartrazine (FD & C Yellow No. 4), sunset Yellow (FD & C Yellow No. 5) and Allura red (FD & C Red No. 40) are currently employed as a food additives in Korea. In this study, the effects of these azo dyes on the hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase systems in Rats. (i.e., Cyt. P-450, Cyt. b$_5$, NADPH cyt. c-reductase and azo reductase) were investigated. Furthermore, to determine the relationship among the electron transport systems, each level of azo reductase, Cyt. P-450 and NADPH cyt. c-reductase was measured upon the administration of phenobarbital (known as an inducer of Cyt. P-450), 3-methylcholanthrene (Known as an inducer of Cyt. P-448), CoCl$_2$ (inhibitor on Cyt. P-450) or $CCl_4$ (inhibitor on Cyt. P-450). The results of these studies are as follows; (1) The levels of Cyt. P-450 and Cyt. b$_5$ were decreased upon the administration of these azo dyes. (2) When the level of Cyt. P-450 was decreased, the azo reductase activity was also decreased. (3) These azo dyes did not show any significant effect on the level of NADPH cyt. c-reductase. (4) The administration of 3-methylcholanthrene resulted in the elevation of azo reductase activity. The 3-methylcholanthrene may be responsible for the induction of CO-insensitive electron transport system.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2016

우울은 스트레스의 적응과정에서 나타나는 신체적 증상과 더불어, 근심, 침울함, 실패감, 무력감과 같은 심리적 증상을 나타내는 정신적 상태로, 우울의 경험 정도에 따라 개인에게 인지, 정서, 그리고 행동장애를 야기할 수 있다. 특히, 성장기에 경험하는 우울은 아동, 청소년들의 학업에 대한 집중력을 저하시키며, 폭력성 및 대인관계의 문제를 증가시켜 개인과 사회에 심각한 손실을 끼칠 수도 있다. 따라서 아동, 청소년들의 심리적 발달과정에 대한 사회적 관심과 적절한 대응방안이 요구된다. 본 연구는 이러한 배경을 근거로 여학생들의 성장과정에서 겪는 가정과 학교에서의 폭력 피해 경험이 우울에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 혼합모형을 이용하여 분석하였다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.241-250
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• 2015

경시적 자료 연구의 중요한 주제 중의 하나는 시간이 지남에 따라 개인의 건강 상태가 어떻게 변하는지를 추적하는 확률이다. 질병의 상태를 시간의 흐름에 따라 추적하는 것은 장기간에 걸친 임상적 관찰 연구의 계획과 분석, 그리고 질병의 예방과 치료에 중요한 의미를 지닌다. 본 논문에서는 두 다른 시점에서 각 개인의 건강 상태에 대한 조건부 확률을 추정해내는 순위 추적 확률에 대하여 연구하였다. 순위 추적 확률과 순위 추적 확률비를 추정하기 위하여 선형 혼합 효과 모형을 고려하였다. 본 논문의 방법은 아동을 대상으로 심혈관계 질환의 위험요인을 연구하는 역학 자료에 적용되었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.907-921
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• 2021

This study aims to predict causal relationships between experience economy, perceived flow, and continuous use intention in the mixed reality (MR) environment. A virtual fitting mirror with two modes (i.e., avatar and self-image) was selected for this study. A total of 200 samples was obtained in two sample frames: virtual fitting users in avatar mode (group 1, n = 119) and self-image mode (group 2, n = 81). The results showed that the experience economy consists of entertainment, education, esthetic, and escapism. The entertainment and esthetic experiences had positive effects on perceived flow, leading to continuous use intentions. For avatar mode, the entertainment and esthetic experiences had positive effects on continuous use intentions through the mediating effect of flow; and the education experience had a positive effect on the continuous intentions to use the MR technology. For self-image mode, the flow mediated the effect of entertainment on continuous use intentions, whereas education and escapism directly affected the intention to use the MR technology. The paper also discusses the theoretical and managerial implications of using MR technologies in fashion retailing.