• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.442-449
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• 1984

Turbulent jet flow has been studied in many ways; a plane jet, a rectangular jet, an annular jet, a round jet, a wall jet, a parallel jet, a valve jet, a cross jet, a slit jet and etc. In this report, a 45.deg. cross jet flow was tried by using two same dimensioned nozzels(dia..phi.20)which were set up at the exit of the subsonic wind tunnel. Each jet flows to the direction of 22.5.deg. to the axis of downstream of the mixed flow. The centerline of each jet meets at the distance of 217.3mm and their mixing flow could be imagined to develop beyond that distance, so the measurement was effectuated at X/X$_{0}$=1.2-1.5. The section of the mixed flow a elliptic circle which is formed by the 22.5.deg. inclined flows to the X direction. This experimental study aimed at the investigation of the turbulent mixing process of two jets; the mean velocities, the turbulent shear stresses, the correlation coefficients, and the momentum were respectively measured. The mean velocity distribution profiles of the down-stream component measured in the Y direction coincide well with the empirical equation of Gortler and those measured in the Z direction agree with the equation of H. Schlichting. Other mean velocities V over bar and W over bar components were randomly distributed. The higher values with same order of the intensity of turbulence were largely distributed at the central part of the flow. The momentum was decreased up to 70% by the shock losses and the development of intense turbulences, but it kept its value constantly beyond X/d=14. Two-channel hot-wire anemometer systems (model 1050 series), X-type hot-wire made of tungsten (dia. .phi.e.mu.m, long 3mm, model 0252 T5), a computer(model HP 9845B0, and a plotter (model HP 9872C) were used for the experiments and the analyses.s.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.25 no.4 s.34
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• pp.97-110
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• 1999

The new stick make-up product was studied by using a gel, which is a viscous complex formed with clay minerals, vitamins A and E and fluorinated liquid polymer with a 1500 molecular weight. The gel cannot be obtained with any random combination of clay minerals and the ingredients described above. It takes the sequential manufacturing method as follows to get this kind of gel. Firstly, clay minerals and liquid polymers have to be pre-mixed in order to saturate the liquid polymers with the clay minerals. Then the on-processed gel has to be finely crystallized. The clay minerals, which are the core elements for this gel, were used as a function of Binder & Buffer and liquid polymer was mixed together for the deterioration of the surface tension of each component and to form a functional film in the gel. This liquid polymer was combined with clay minerals because it is not miscible with most oils and solvents. Waxes have a function of keeping a solid status in the stick. We reduced the usage of waxes by putting clay minerals as buffer in the proportion of 0.5:1 with oil phase. Ceramide takes care of the skin when used regularly and maintains the skin's moisture. Vitamins A and E contribute to preventing skin aging by the activation of skin cells. We could get the stable viscous gel, which has about 80% oil phase using clay minerals and liquid polymer. The crystalline structures of gel were surface-chemically-analyzed using SEM and Image Analyzer and were thermodynamically analyzed using DSC. Surface tension test and softness were done by Rheometer. In the end, these characteristics were verified by consumer panel tests in Seoul, Daegeon and Pusan in Korea and Hokkaido, Osaka and Miyazaki in Japan with correlation to the climate.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2007

0.4 Million tons of shell powder have been disused as waste in KOREA and caused severe environmental pollution though shell powder can be utilized in real life for many ways. It is impending problem to recycle shell powder as it requires high expense for burying and temporary outside heap and causes severe environmental pollution being a main factor of ocean waste. To suggest the basic data for development of eco-friendly and high-function Wall Coatings Thin Textured Finishes, a wall coating sample was applied to indoor walls of a mock-up and temperature and humidity were measured to assess the thermal performance of it, and a survey of preference for the color sense and feel of the materials with a movie of specimens. The results of the study are following; 1) High insulation performance is shown from the assessment result of the room polystyrene board adhered on the walls then high humidity controlling performance is shown from that of the room polystyrene board coated by shell powder. This point out that shell powder has superiority for humidity controlling. 2) The result of thermal and humidity assessment shows that shell powder makes up for thermal conduction of the polystyrene board and same result can be expected from the assessment with materials which has similar thermal characteristics with polystyrene.3) Ranking of preferred specimens is; 1st Case 13, 2nd Case 17, 3rd Case 16, and 4th Case 12. Preferred shell powder was the ark shell. Preferred powder for plaster was the powder mixed with that sifted by 0.8mm, 100mesh and 40mesh, and for spray was the fine powder mixed with that sifted by 100mesh and 40mesh.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.565-572
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• 2011

The effects of chemical pretreatments on the excess sludge production in the membrane-coupled bioreactor were investigated. In addition, their effects on membrane fouling were also evaluated. Two membrane bioreactors were operated. In one reactor, a part of the mixed liquor was t reated with NaOH and ozone gas consecutively and was returned to the reactor. T he f lowrate of the chemical pretreatment stream was 1.5% of the influent flowrate. During the 200days of operation, the MLSS level in the bioreactor with mixed liquor pretreatment was maintained relatively constant at the range of 8,000 ~ 10,000$mg/{\ell}$ while it increased steadily up to 26,000 $mg/{\ell}$ in the absence of the pretreatment. Each reactor was equipped with two laboratory membrane modules where the flux for each module was 20, and 30 ${\ell}/m^2{\cdot}h$, respectively. With pretreatment, almost constant transmembrane pressure(TMP) was observed throughout the operation at the flux of 20 ${\ell}/m^2{\cdot}h$. Without pretreatment the membrane module at the same flux could also be operated at relatively stable condition. However, as the MLSS increases up to 25,000 $mg/{\ell}$, a fast TMP increase was observed. In conclusion, a complete control of excess sludge production in the membrane-coupled bioreactor was possible without significant deterioration of the treated water quality. In addition, it was shown that stable operation in terms of TMP is possible with sludge pretreatment and recirculation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.197-205
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• 2013

An in vitro study was conducted to determine the effects of defaunation (removal of protozoa) and forage sources (rice straw, ryegrass and tall fescue) on ruminal fermentation characteristics, methane ($CH_4$) production and degradation by rumen microbes. Sodium lauryl sulfate, as a defaunation reagent, was added into the mixed culture solution to remove ruminal protozoa at a concentration of 0.375 mg/ml. Pure cellulose (0.64 g, Sigma, C8002) and three forage sources were incubated in the bottle of culture solution of mixed rumen microbes (faunation) or defaunation for up to 24 h. The concentration of ammonia-N was high under condition of defaunation compared to that from faunation in all incubations (p<0.001). Total VFA concentration was increased at 3, 6 and 12 h (p<0.05~p<0.01) but was decreased at 24 h incubation (p<0.001) under condition of defaunation. Defaunation decreased acetate (p<0.001) and butyrate (p<0.001) proportions at 6, 12 and 24 h incubation times, but increased propionate (p<0.001) proportion at all incubation times for forages. Effective degradability of dry matter was decreased by defaunation (p<0.001). Defaunation not only decreased total gas (p<0.001) and $CO_2$ (p<0.01~0.001) production at 12 and 24 h incubations, but reduced $CH_4$ production (p<0.001) at all incubation times for all forages. The $CH_4$ production, regardless of defaunation, in order of forage sources were rice straw > tall fescue > ryegrass > cellulose (p<0.001) up to 24 h incubation.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.97-110
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• 1999

The new stick make-up product was studied by using a gel, which is a viscous complex formed with clay minerals, vitamins A and I and fluorinated liquid polymer with a 1500 molecular weight. The gel cannot be obtained with any random combination of clay minerals and the ingredients described above. It takes the sequential manufacturing method as follows to get this kind of gel. Firstly, clay minerals and liquid polymers have ·to be pre-mixed in order to saturate the liquid polymers with the clay minerals. Then tile on-processed gel has to be finely crystallized. The clay minerals, which are the core elements for this gel, were used as a function of Binder & Buffer and liquid polymer was mixed together for the deterioration of the surface tension of each component and to from a functional film in the gel. This liquid polymer was combined with clay minerals because it is not miscible with most oils and solvents. Waxes have a function of keeping a solid status in the stick. We reduced the usage of waxes by putting clay minerals as buffer in the proportion of 0.5 : 1 with oil phase. Ceramide takes care of the skin when used regularly and maintains the skin’s moisture. Vitamins A and I contribute to preventing skin’aging by the activation of skin cells. We could get the stable viscous gel, which has about 80% oil phase using clay minerals and liquid polymer, The crystal 1 me structures of gel were surface-chemical1y-analyzed using SEM and Image Analyzer and were thermodynamically analyzed using DSC, Surface tension test and softness were done by Rheometer. In the end, these characteristics were verified by consumer panel tests in Seoul, Baegeon and Pusan in Korea and Hokkaido, Oska and Miyazaki in Japan with correlation to the climate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.1-2
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• 2000

In chip plating, several parameters must be taken into consideration. Current density, solution concentration, pH, solution temperature, components volume, chip and media ratio, barrel geometrical shape were most likely found to have an effect to the process yields. The 3 types of barrels utilized in chip plating industry are the onventional rotating barrel, vibrational barrel(vibarrel), and the centrifugal type. Conventional rotating barrel is a close type and is commonly used. The components inside the barrel are circulated by the barrel's rotation at a horizontal axis. Process yield has known to have higher thickness deviation. The vibrational barrel is an open type which offers a wide exposure to electrolyte resulting to a stable thickness deviation. It rotates in a vertical axis coupled with multi-vibration action to facilitate mixed up and easy transportation of components. The centrifugal barrel has its plated work centrifugally compacted against the cathode ring for superior electrical contact with simultaneous rotary motion. This experiment has determined the effect of barrel vibration intensity to the plating thickness distribution. The procedures carried out in the experiment involved the overall plating process., cleaning, rinse, Nickel plating, Tin-Lead plating. Plating time was adjusted to meet the required specification. All other parameters were maintained constant. Two trials were performed to confirm the consistency of the result. The thickness data of the experiment conducted showed thatbthe average mean value obtained from higher vibrational intensity is nearer to the standard mean. The distribution curve shown has a narrower specification limits and it has a reduced variation around the target value. Generally, intensity control in vi-barrel facilitates mixed up and easy transportation of components. However, it is desirable to maintain an optimum vibration intensity to prevent solution intrusion into the chips' internal electrode. A cathodic reaction can occur in the interface of the external and internal electrode. 2H20 + e $\rightarrow$M/TEX> 20H + H2.. Hydrogen can penetrate into the body and create pressure which can cause cracks. At high intensity, the chip's motion becomes stronger, its contact between each other is delayed and so plating action is being controlled. However, the strong impact created by its collision can damage the external electrode's structure there by resulting to bad plating condition.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2024

Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma is an uncommon malignant salivary gland tumor that arises from a long-standing pleomorphic adenoma. The carcinomatous component of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma can possess virtually any histologic subtype of salivary gland cancer. We experienced a case of a 61-year-old patient who presented with a right parotid mass that was initially palpated 20 years ago, with a sudden increase in size in the last few months. Radiological and cytological findings from fine needle aspiration biopsy could not exclude malignancy. Total parotidectomy and selective neck dissection were performed for treatment, and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma with mixed carcinoma components of salivary duct carcinoma and myoepithelial carcinoma was diagnosed. After receiving postoperative radiation of 6000 cGy over 6 weeks, there has been no recurrence up to the 18-month follow-up. We report this rare case of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma with mixed malignancy subtypes, accompanied by a review of literature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.83 no.4
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• pp.958-964
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• 2022

Pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (PEH) is a rare vascular tumor of borderline or low-grade malignancy, and its prognosis is unpredictable. Herein, we describe the case of a 47-year-old asymptomatic female with a diagnosis of multinodular PEH. During a 7-year follow-up, the nodules with large size and high ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the initial study showed progression with increasing sizes; however, most small nodules (size < 1 cm) demonstrated spontaneous regression with peripheral rim or nodular calcification. The patient underwent surgical resection for an enlarged nodule. Of note, it is unusual for an individual to have mixed progression and regression concomitantly, which may be helpful in predicting the prognosis.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 1993

The purpose of the study is to find how the family moral principles are placed in the Buddhist Sutra how they come up to the surface through certain course. We set up the following five kinds of question for aim of this study First in which form are the family moral principles placed in the Buddhist Sutra ? That is are they shown devided into two between the fundamental though of Buddhism and the concrete description? Second how are the family moral principles melted into the fundamental though of Bud-dhism ? Buddhism takes a cognitive method of pursuiting one from divesification,. If that is so the family moral principles will establish the fundamental thought of Buddhism melted along with other phenomena. When the fundamental thought of Buddhism is restored to the family moral principles which image are they presented with us? Third if the family moral princprinciples melted into the fundamental thought of Buddhism in itself came up to the surface ? Buddhism has a and is mixed together. The family moral principles of Buddhism are named from the fundamental thoughts to the family moral principles and do not come up to the surface but are melted into the important concepts of Buddism that is charity kama nirvara emptiness the principle of middle way. The aspects of the family moral principles which are melted into theses thoughts: 1) The concept of loving-kindness including equality non-self practice is shown in the family moral principles. 2) The thought of karma includes the moral principles for interdependence between the building up of home and family members. 3) Home should be a place of self-realization from the suffering realization This kind of home salvation should be set up by family members themselves and the consciousness of the master that such salvation is neither to be made by others not to be given by god is presented one should be the master of one's life 4) The thought of emptiness includes the social extension of home and those of the moral principles of collective body of family. 5) The Buddnist family is morality is based on the principle of the middle way shich means neither too extrim nor lacking.