• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.158-166
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to confirm the efficient umbilical cord care of healthy newborns in nursery. In order to determine the efficient care, the time of umbilical cord separation and the skin condition of periumbilical area were evaluated. The data were collected in sample of 529 normal, healthy newborns of C hospital in Seoul, from September 1st, 1999 to January 16th, 2000. The babies were randomly selected and allocated into four groups-alcohol swab/tub bath, alcohol swab/partial bath, natural dry/tub bath, natural dry/partial bath- by the methods of care. The mothers of babies were also surveyed by questionnaire about general characteristics. The data were analyzed by SAS program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The average gestation period of newborns was 39+3 weeks. The average birth weight was 3.27Kg. In gender of babies, boys were 51.7% and girls were 48.3%. The 65% of newborns were born normal vaginal delivery, 35% were C-section. The feeding methods were 55.3% of the babies fed by mixed type, 22.9% by breast, and 21.8% by bottle. There was no significance among four groups by general characteristics. 2. The average time of umbilical cord separation was 8.27 days(SD=2.3). The time was no difference significantly among four groups(F=1.68, P=0.17). 3. The prevalence of the umbilical care complication did not show differences among four groups( 2=3.93, P=0.27). In conclusion, Nurses have preferred the traditional alcohol swab/partial bath method in care of newborns. But there was no difference among the ways to take care of umbilicus according to this study. The way to naturally is more efficient due to reduce the time and expense in umbilical care for normal babies of nursery. This also matched the change in approach to healthy population from intervention to nonintervention way. This could be suggested in education for normal and healthy babies care at home and nursery as a useful way. Endly, the further study about bacterial colony nda infection rate at umbilicus by ways of care is needed.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.133-137
• /
• 2015

We investigated the effects of supplementing low energy diets with lysolecithin and sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers. A total of 768 1-d-old Ross 308, mixed gender broiler chicks with an average initial body weight of 44.3 g, were used in a 35-d feeding trial. Broiler chicks were sorted into pens with 16 birds per pen and every treatment consisted of 12 pens (192 chickens per treatment). Treatments were: 1) PC: basal diet, 2) NC: PC-100 kcal, 3) T1: NC+ 0.08% lysolecithin, and, 4) T2: NC + 0.04% sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate. Body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured on a weekly basis. Chromium oxide was added to the diets at 0.2% on the last week of the experiment, as a marker for digestibility. Dietary treatments had no effect on growth performance for days 1 to 21. Low energy diet supplemented with lysolecithin and sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate in phase 2 (d 21 to 35) improved body weight gain (P<0.05). Addition of lysolecithin and sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate to the diets improved the digestibility of energy and nitrogen (P<0.05), but digestibility of dry matter was not affected. Overall, addition of an emulsifier to the diet of broiler chickens in the late growth phase enhanced growth performance and digestibility of energy and nitrogen.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.174-180
• /
• 2000

Pichia pastoris and Hansenula polymorpha, the methylotrophic yeasts have been widely used as a host for the production of e eudaryotic proteins due to the advantages related to their inherited characters. This paper describes the method to enhance t the productivity of recombinant proteins by P. pastoris and H. po$\psi$morpha. In the production of recombinant proteins using a f fed batch fermentation system, the effects of specific growth rate on the specific expression rate of re$\infty$mbinant proteins w were studied. In both species, the expression system of recombinant proteins using the fed batch fermentation was optimezed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.33 no.11
• /
• pp.1755-1762
• /
• 2020

Objective: Thyroid hormone responsive spot 14 alpha (THRSP) has been used to investigate the regulation of de novo lipogenesis because the variation of THRSP mRNA content in the tissue affects directly the ability of that tissue to synthetize lipids. Also, this gene responds to thyroid hormone stimulation and high level of carbohydrate feeding or insulin-injection. This study was carried out to investigate variations within THRSP and their effects on body and carcass weights in Korean native chicken (KNC). Methods: A total of 585 chickens which represent the five lines of KNC (Black, Gray-Brown, Red-Brown, White, and Yellow-Brown) were reared and body weight data were recorded every two weeks from hatch until 20 weeks of age. Polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism, DNA chips for Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer, and Fluidigm Genotyping Technology, were applied to genotype selected markers. A linear mixed-effect model was used to access association between these single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and growth-related traits. Results: A total of 30 polymorphisms were investigated in THRSP. Of these, nine SNPs for loci were selected to perform association analyses. Significant associations were detected between g.-49G>T SNP with body weight at 20 weeks of age (BW20), g.451T>C SNP with growth at 10 to 12 weeks of age (GR10-12), and g.1432A>C SNP with growth at 14 to 16 weeks trait (GR14-16) and body weight at 18 weeks of age (BW18). Moreover, diplotype of the THRSP gene significantly affected body weight at 12 weeks of age (BW12) and GR10-12 traits. Diplotype of ht1/ht2 was favorable for BW12 and GR10-12 traits. Conclusion: These results suggest that THRSP can be regarded as a candidate gene for growth traits in KNC.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.104-112
• /
• 2006

Population growths of earthworm were investigated when the earthworm populations with different levels of initial densities per unit area were fed with cow dung mixed with paper mill sludge. The tested levels of earthworm densities were as follows; $1kg/m^2$, $2kg/m^2$, $3kg/m^2$, $5kg/m^2$. There were no significant differences in population growth rates 60 and 90 days after feed supply among the tested densities of earthworm. Therefore, it was suggested that initial densities of earthworm populations per unit area higher than $3kg/m^2$ should not be favorable because of the cost for purchasing earthworm. Vermicomposting rates of earthworm on feed were also investigated when different amounts of feed were supplied repeatedly to unit area of nursery bed with $5kg/m^2$ of initial densities earthworm populations. The tested amounts of feed at each supplying time were as follows; $16kg/m^2$, $24kg/m^2$, $32kg/m^2$, $40kg/m^2$. The more the amount of feed at each supplying time, the higher vermicomposting rate and population growth rate. Therefore, it should be more favorable for earthworm breeders to supply more than $40kg/m^2$ of feed at each supplying time, because it would reduce time and labor cost.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.475-478
• /
• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate feeding value of berseem and lucerne silage as a replacement for conventional fodder (berseem fodder) in lactating Nili buffaloes. Fifteen early lactating multi-parous Nili buffaloes, five buffaloes in each group were allotted three experimental diets. Berseem and lucerne fodders were ensiled at 30% DM (wheat straw was used to adjust the DM of fodders) with molasses (at the rate of 2% of fodder DM) in two bunker silos for 30 days. The diets contained 75% DM from berseem fodder (BF), 75% DM from berseem silage (BS) and 75% DM from lucerne silage (LS). Each diet contained 25% concentrate DM. Diets were mixed daily and fed twice a day at ad libitum intakes. Dry matter intake (DMI) was significantly higher (13.8 kg/d) in buffaloes fed BF diet than those fed LS (12.5 kg/d) and BS (11.9 kg/day) diets. The differences in digestible DMI and DMI as percent body weight were significant between fodder and silage based diets but non-significant when BS and LS were compared. Lower DMI with silage-based diets was probably because of low silage pH. Intake of NDF (NDFI) was higher (5.68 kg/d) in buffaloes fed BF diet followed by those fed LS (5.50 kg/d) and BS (5.00 kg/d) diets. The difference was significant (p<0.05) across fodder and silage based diets but NDFI was non-significant across both silage-based diets. The apparent DM digestibility was significantly different (p<0.05) between fodder and silage-based diets but was non-significant between LS and BS diets. Four percent fat corrected milk yield was significantly different (p<0.05) between fodder and silage-based diets but was non-significant between LS and BS diets. Higher milk yield with fodder based diet was because of more digestible nutrient intake (Table 3) compared with silage based diets. Milk CP, TP and NPN and SNF did not show any treatment effects. The present results indicated that the berseem and lucerne fodder ensiled at 30% DM level with 2% molasses could safely replace (75% DM) the conventional leguminous fodder in the diets of lactating Nili buffaloes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.493-499
• /
• 2011

The objective of this study was to find the way to prolong the storage time of sawdust-based oyster mushroom (Pleurotus osteratus) spent substrate (OMSS) by fermenting with potential probiotic microorganisms to recycle the otherwise waste of mushroom farms. To this purpose, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were screened to select the best lactic acid-producing strains. Three strains of LAB (Lactobacillus plantarum Lp1', Pediococcus acidilacticii Pa193, L. plantarum Lp2M) were selected and in mixture they lowered the pH of the fermented OMSS to 3.81. fOMSS (fermented sawdust-based oyster mushroom spent substrate) could be stored at room temperature for at least 17 days without any deterioration of feed quality based on the pH, smell, and color. In dry matter disappearance rate in situ, commercial TMR (total mixed ration), OMSS and OMMM (oyster mushroom mycelium mass) showed no significant differences between the samples after 6, 12 and 24 h incubation except for 48 h. Two separate field studies were performed to test the effects of fOMSS supplement on the growth performance of postweaning Holstein calves. Field trials included groups of animals feeding calf starter supplemented with: Control (no supplement), AB (colistin 0.08% and oxyneo 110/110 0.1%), fOMSS (10% fOMSS) and fConc (10% fermented concentrate) and DFM (direct-fed microbials, average $10^9$ cfu for each of three LAB/d/head). Growth performance (average daily gain and feed efficiency) of the fOMSS supplement group was higher than that of AB followed by fConc and DFM even though there was no statistically significant difference. The Control group was lower than any other group. Various hematological values including IgG, IgA, RBC (red blood cell), hemoglobin, and hematocrit were measured every 10 days to check any unusual abnormality for all groups in trial I and II, and they were within a normal and safe range. Our results suggest that sawdust-based OMSS could be recycled after fermentation with three probiotic LAB strains as a feed supplement for post-weaning calves, and fOMSS has the beneficial effects of an alternative to antibiotics for a growth enhancer in dairy calves.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.40-46
• /
• 2018

Objective: To examine the effects of Rhodobacter sphaeroides (R. sphaeroides) supplementation as a direct-fed microbial (DFM) on rumen fermentation in dairy cows and on coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) transition into milk, an in vitro rumen simulation batch culture and an in vivo dairy cow experiment were conducted. Methods: The characteristics of in vitro ruminal fermentation were investigated using rumen fluids from six cannulated Holstein dairy cows at 2 h post-afternoon feeding. A control treatment was included in the experiments based on a typified total mixed ration (TMR) for lactating dairy cows, which was identical to the one used in the in vivo study, plus R. sphaeroides at 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% TMR dry matter. The in vivo study employed six ruminally cannulated lactating Holstein cows randomly allotted to either the control TMR (C-TMR) treatment or to a diet supplemented with a 0.5% R. sphaeroides culture (S-TMR, dry matter basis) ad libitum. The presence of R. sphaeroides was verified using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) applied to the bacterial samples obtained from the in vivo study. The concentration of CoQ10 in milk and in the supernatant from the in vitro study was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Results: The results of the in vitro batch culture and DGGE showed that the concentration of CoQ10 significantly increased after 2 h of R. sphaeroides supplementation above 0.1%. When supplemented to the diet of lactating cows at the level of 0.5%, R. sphaeroides did not present any adverse effect on dry matter intake and milk yield. However, the concentration of CoQ10 in milk dramatically increased, with treated cows producing 70.9% more CoQ10 than control cows. Conclusion: The CoQ10 concentration in milk increased via the use of a novel DFM, and R. sphaeroides might be used for producing value-added milk and dairy products in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.745-752
• /
• 2007

This study examined the effects of different levels of evening primrose oil (EPO) on the accumulation of ${\gamma}$-fatty acids in broiler meat. Six hundred one-day-old male chicks (Ross strain) from commercial broilers were divided randomly into 6 groups${\times}$4 repeat pens. The broilers were fed experimental diets containing 4.0% tallow (control), 0.5% EPO, 0.7% mixed oil (EPO 70:soy bean oil 30), 1.5% EPO, 3.0% EPO or 4.0% EPO for two weeks of broiler finisher. There was a significant difference in body weight gain between the control and treatment groups except for the 0.5% EPO group (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the percentage of thigh and breast weight against the carcass weight between control and treatment groups except for the 0.5% EPO group in the thigh and 0.5% EPO and 4.0% EPO groups in the breast weight (p<0.05). The saturated fatty acid levels of the skin and breast muscle lipid of the broilers fed diets containing EPO were significantly lower than that of the control group (p<0.05), while the level of unsaturated fatty acid was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.05). The ${\gamma}$-fatty acid (GLA, gamma.linolenic acid, 18:3n-6) level was particularly higher in the chicken meat lipids from the broilers fed EPO than in the control group (p<0.05). This shows that feeding EPO to chicks can produce novel functional broiler meat that is enriched in gamma-linolenic acid.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.100-106
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the supplementary effects of vitamin C and E to moist pellet on growth and body composition in juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Four groups of diet made : moist pellet (MP) diet group was used as the control group where the ratio of raw feed and commercial compound meal is 5:5 $(CP\;30\%,\;CL\;17\%),$ vitamin C added group (VC), vitamin I added group (VE) and vitamin C and I added group (VCE). The supplementary amount of vitamin C and E corresponded to 1000 mg/kg (dry wt.) and 220mg/kg (dry wt.), respectively. Vitamin C was destroyed $50\%$ and vitamin E was destroyed $20\%$ for manufacturing process. After 8 weeks feeding trial, weight gain was $121.9\%$ in MP group, while it ranged from 180.5 to $184.9\%$ in the VC, VE and VCE group. Feed efficiency was $71.\6%$ in MP group, whereas it ranged from 78.7 to $80.6\%$ in the VC, VE and VCE group, weight gain and feed efficiency of fish fed vitamin supplemented diets were significantly higher than control group and no significant difference among the vitamin added groups was observed (p>0.05). There were no significant differences in moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash, condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and visceraweight index (VWI) of body composition. Hemoglobin (Hb) was $3.79\%$ in MP group, whereas $4.99\%$ in VC group, $4.55\%$ in VE group and $5.07\%$ in VCE group; Hb was significantly higher in the vitamin added groups than the control group (p<0.05). Vitamin C retention in liver was 18.1, 20.7, 46.6, 54.0 mg/kg in MP, VE, VC and VCE groups, respectively. Vitamin E retention in liver was 25.9, 53.8, 88.2, 124.5 mg/kg in MP, VC, VE and VCE groups, respectively. These results indicate that supplementation of vitamin C and E to moist pellet diet significantly improved growth and feed efficiency of olive flounder, and the mixed addition of vitamin C (1,000 mg/kg dry wt.) and vitamin E (220 mg/kg dry wt.) did not lead to the synergy effect.