• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1242-1251
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• 2011

This study investigates the effect of mixed characteristics of oily soil such as mixed ratio, polarity of oily soil on contact angle of fabric, removal of oily and particulate soil from PET fabric in oily/particulate soil mixed system. The contact angle of fabric in the surfactant solution with suspended oily soil was examined as a fundamental environment of detergency of soil from fabrics. Detergency was investigated as function of mixed ratios of oily/ particulate soil, type of oily soil, surfactants concentration, surfactant type and temperature of detergency in surfactant solution. The contact angle of fabric in surfactant solution sharply increased with mixing nonpolar oily soil; in addition, the contact angle slightly increased with increasing contents of oily soil and decreased with increasing surfactant concentration. The removal of oily and particulate soil from fabric was higher in the solution mixed with polar versus nonpolar oily soil. The detergency increased with increasing surfactant concentration and the increased temperature of surfactants solution that were relatively improved in NPE compared to DBS solutions, The results indicated that the detergency of oily and particulate soil showed a similar trend in oily/ particulate mixed soil systems. The general contact angle of fabric was well related with the detergency of oily and particulate soil in oily/particulate mixed soil system, therefore, the primary factor determining the detergency of soil in oily/particulate mixed soil system may be the contact angle of fabric caused by wettability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.9
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• pp.1-15
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to classify the types of and to examine the characteristics of the golden decoration technique used for expressing patterns on the costumes from Dang dynasty to Cheong dynasty era. In order to classify the types of the golden decoration technique and to examine its characteristics, literature review, focusing on documents and records of China, and investigation on the relics from Dang to Cheong Dynasty era were conducted. The types of decoration technique using gold include china JigGeum (brocade technique), InGeum (attaching gold powder and flake technique), GeumSaJaSu (embroidery technique), GeumSaTapestry, mixed technique. Interestingly, it was newly found in this study that embroidery with golden thread was used in the GeumSaTapestry technique and that there were some cases of the mixture of 2-3 gold decoration technique. The GeumSajaSu technique was used the most frequently from Dang dynasty to Yo dynasty era. However, its use had decreased enormously while the use of JigGeum had increased a lot since Geum dynasty era. The mixture of 2-5 techniques was used frequently in JigGeum, GeumSaJaSu, and GeumSaTapestry, but not used in InGeum. Particularly, the mixture technique was the most frequently used in the GeumSaTapestry, which expresses by composition of paintings. All four methods were used the mostly frequently in costumes, while GeumSaJaSu and GeumSaTapestry were generally used for home accessories. InGeum and GeumSaJaSu were used a lot for gaze and leno fabrics such as Sa or Ra, while JigGeum was mostly used for satin weaved fabrics like Dan.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.797-805
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate dyeing characteristics of CDP(cation dyeable polyester)/silk knitted fabrics with disperse type cation dyes/acid dyes by one bath dyeing method in comparison with two bath dyeing method in the interests for rationalization of the dyeing process. The apparent color depth(K/S) of the disperse type cation dyes with CDP and that of acid dyes with silk decreased slowly with increasing pH values of dyebath with the exception of sharp decrease at alkali region for CDP. The contamination behavior of CDP by the acid dyes and that of silk by the disperse type cation dyes decreased with progressing of dyeing. The migration ratio(%) of the disperse type cation dyes with CDP is low compared with that of acid dyes with silk. The sediment in mixed dying solution of disperse type cation dyes and acid dyes remarkably less compared with that of regular type cation dyes and acid dyes at $100^{\circ}C$ regardless applying of preventer agent of precipitation. When CDP/silk knitted fabrics was dyed with by with mixtures of disperse type cation dyes/acid dyes one bath or two bath dyeing method, the characteristic of reflectance spectra of CDP components were greatly influenced by disperse type cation dyes and that of silk components by acid dyes. It was confirmed that K/S values of each components of CDP/silk knitted fabrics dyed by one bath dyeing method decreased slightly compared with two bath dyeing method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.5 s.153
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• pp.753-761
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• 2006

This paper suggests the optimal conditions for the laundry to prevent from the electrostatic charge by the evaluation of the electrostatic characteristics in the full process of washing and drying. Cotton, nylon, and polyester fabrics were used as test washing specimens. Detergent and softener were used under the standard washing cycle, and then the electrostatic characteristics of laundry were measured. The results showed that the moisture regain decreased and the electrostatic charge increased with the drying time. It was observed that the specimen fabrics were already dried up before the standard drying cycle was finished. Consequently, the excessive drying caused a generation of electrostatic charge due to the removal of the trace of moisture remaining and the excessive friction. Especially, the softener played an important role to prevent from a generation of electrostatic charge, whose insertion was more effective in the drying than in the rinsing process. It was also shown that the electrostatic charge could be decreased by drying the fabrics of one kind. On the other hand, for drying the mixed kinds of fabrics, the electrostatic charge increased remarkably. Therefore we suggest that the laundry be classified according to the kinds of fiber, and then be washed and dried before excessive drying to reduce electrostatic charge And further, a proper use of softener is effective to reduce electrostatic charge.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.79-86
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to understand the dyeing properties and color analysis of fabrics knitted with ramie, cotton, wool and acrylic by using scoria and to analyze whether the knitted fabrics can be used for industrialization by measuring color fastness after and before sliver-nano process. The following is the conclusions. Firstly, when ramie fabric regarding cotton, wool and acrylic was dyed at the temperature of $50^{\circ}C$ for fifteen minutes by using 10, 25, 50, 100g/ $\ell$ of scoria, dyeing absorption gradually increased up to 50g/ $\ell$, and over the point of 50g/ $\ell$ it showed slow increase. Secondly, regarding saturation, among ramie fabric, wool, cotton and acrylic, wool appears as the lowest brightness. Therefore, it can be dyed with bright color and the highest value. In terms of the value of chromaticity, wool also emerges as the lowest brightness. On the contrary, acrylic showed the lightest red as it had the value of the smallest b. Cotton takes the lightest yellow as the b value of the cotton showed the smallest. Thus, scoria dyestuff is a material that showed strong red and yellow on knitted fabric mixed with wool that is the biggest a. b value. Thirdly, in terms of dyeing fastness, sunlight fastness did not show noticeable differences before and after silver-nano processes, but in terms of washing and friction fastness, the material processed by silver-nano indicated that all knitted fabrics are over 4-5 point. which means silver-nano process can be effective for the industrial applications. As mentioned above, as a result of dyeing knitted fabrics with scoria, this study found a possibility of dyeing in the fabric materials, and if there is deeper dyeing experiments, fastness experiments and speculations, it might be possible to be a big issue just like loess and charcoal.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.57-73
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• 2012

The main objective of this research was to understand the characteristics of pleats design through the analysis of modern female fashion as they appear in the 'Collections' from '09 A/W to '12 S/S. Data collection of 1027 was done through the review of 'pr$\hat{e}$t-$\grave{a}$-porter Collections' of three cities; Milan, New York, Paris. Along with the qualitative interpretation of pleats design, statistical analysis of frequency and ${\chi}^2$-test were completed for data analysis. The main findings were as follows; 1. The five types of pleats design were founded in the order of accordion, knife, box, inverted, and sunburst pleats. The frequency and ratio of pleats design occurency showed significant difference between collections. 2. There were significant difference between the types of pleats and their line characteristics of thickness, continuity, length, direction. = Thin fabrics with delicate fine folds were mainly appeared in accordion and sunburst pleats. On the other hand, midium thickness fabrics were used for knife, box & inverted pleats, however, the different images were projected according to the width and the number of folds, characteristics of fabrics and textures. = In all the type of pleats but sunburst, continuity line was appeared the most. The discontinuous lines were appeared the most in the layered types and, sometimes, at some construction lines to add some decorative details or design variations. = The long line were the most frequently appeared in long one-pieces or long skirts of knife, accordion, sunburst pleats. While, the shorter lines showed the most frequently in box and inverted pleats, which mainly used for skirts or the lower part of one-piece. = For the line directions, the vertical lines were the most frequently appeared, and followed by mixed and diagonal line. In mixed or diagonal lines, same type of pleat was repeated in one design. For diagonal lines, one direction was mainly used, however, the symmetrical arrangements or repeated diagonal pleats in various directions also used. In mixed lines, the type of one or two diagonal and one vertical line was the most frequently appeared.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2012.03a
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• pp.115-115
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• 2012

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.348-354
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• 1994

The changes of surface activities in the aquaous solutions of mixed surfactants composed of linear sodium dodecylbenznesulfoate (LAS), polyoxyethylene nonyl phenylether (PE, EO=10) and polyethylene glycol monolauryl ether (LE, EO=25) have been studied. Addition of nonionic surfactants to LAS reduces the surface tension, especially at the lower concentration than cmc. The interfacial tension of olive oil/LAS was lower than the other surfactant solutions. The removal of triolein from cotton fabrics by nonionic surfactants and mixtures is higher than by LAS. The addition of NaCI to surfactant solutions even though reduces surface tension smaller but enthances oil removal more than that of $CaCl_2$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.145-146
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• 2009

This is studies about development of light nylon fabric and development of low denier NCD/nylon6 filament using mixed spinning technique of nylon6 and NCD(Nylon Cation Dyeable) polymer. We study how the manufactured fabrics effect on downproof & windproof properties according to conditions of low denier N/NCD filament yarn, fabrication, and dyeing and finishing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1848-1856
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• 2008

In order to enhance the functionality of a cotton fabric actually used as the clothing material for patients, the fabrics are treated with chitosan/nanosilver mixed solution. The nanosilver has excellent biocompatibility, not causing an environmental pollution as a natural polymer, provides expectation of an additional performance, does not harm human beings, and shows a strong antibacterial activity even in a small amount, and supplements chitosan, which is disadvantaged if used alone for fabric treatment. This study evaluates functional improvement of the clothing material for patients and observes through hygienic characteristics which are the most important function. In antibacterial activity of the fabrics treated with chitosan/nanosilver mixed solution against Staphylococcus aureus, higher ratio of chitosan was observed to achieve better antibacterial activity. In antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, higher ratio of nanosilver was observed to achieve better activity. Regarding laundry durability of antibacterial activity after repeated laundering, activity against Staphylococcus aureus was little reduced, but was greatly lowered against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Deodorization activity was excellent as the mixed ratio of chitosan was increased, and air permeability, moisture permeability and moisture regain were reduced as the mixed ratio of nanosilver was increased.