• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.693-702
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• 2015

In order to identify the species and to reveal the phylogenetic relationship of rook populations found in Jeju-do Province in winter seasons, we determined the sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene and analyzed the genetic structure of maternal lineages and phylogenetic relationship. The rook DNAs were isolated from the post-mortem specimens and plumages collected from agricultural farms in Jeju-do Province including U-do Island. The obtained COI sequences (n=41) showed over 97.0% identities with those previously reported from Corvus frugeligus. Three COI haplotypes (J01-J03) were detected from COI sequences of the rooks obtained in Jeju-do Province but those did not show the site-specific patterns, showing that they might be derived from a common maternal origin. Eight maternal haplotypes were detected from all COI sequences obtained. Among those three haplotypes contained the COI sequences from Northeast Asia including eastern Russia, Mongolia and South Korea. On the other hand, the other five haplotypes contained the COI sequences reported from Central Asia, Middle East, western Russia and European countries. The COI sequences from Jeju-do Province were located on three haplotypes (CF01-CF03) belonging to Northeast Asian rook lineages. The NJ tree showed the distinct branch patterns suggesting two different maternal lineages of C. frugilegus, which proposed as two parapatric subspecies, C. f. frugilegus (Western) and C. f. pastinator (Eastern). These findings using DNA barcoding approaches will be contributed to provide the information about avian fauna for understanding the genetic structure of maternal lineage, phylogenetic relationship and their molecular ecology.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.317-324
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• 2012

In order to determine an authenticity of food ingredient, we used DNA barcode method by universal primers. For identification of animal food ingredients, LCO1490/HCO2198 and VF2/FISH R2 designed for amplifying cytochrome c oxidase subunit1 (CO1) region and L14724/H15915 for cytochrome b (cyt b) region on mitochondrial DNA were used. Livestock (cow, pig, goat, sheep, a horse and deer) was amplified by LCO1490/HCO 2198, VF2/FISH R2 and L14724/H15915 primers. Poultry (chicken, duck, turkey and ostrich) was amplified by LCO1490/HCO 2198 and VF2/FISH R2 primers. But, Fishes (walleye pollack, herring, codfish, blue codfish, trout, tuna and rockfish) were only amplified by VF2/FISH R2 primers. For plant food ingredients, 3 types of primers (trnH/psbA, rpoB 1F/4R and rbcL 1F/724R) have been used an intergenic spacer, a RNA polymerase beta subunit and a ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase region on plastid, respectively. Garlic, onion, radish, green tea and spinach were amplified by trnH/psbA, rpoB 1F/4R and rbcL 1F/724R. The PCR product sizes were same by rpoB 1F/4R and rbcL 1F/724R but, the PCR product size using trnH/psbA primer was different with others for plants each. We established PCR condition and universal primer selection for 17 item's raw materials for foods and determine base sequences aim to PCR products in this study. This study can apply to determine an authenticity of foods through making an comparison between databases and base sequences in gene bank. Therefore, DNA barcode method using universal primers can be a useful for species identification techniques not only raw materials but also processed foods that are difficult to analyze by chemical analysis.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.93-107
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• 2020

Adults of seven noctuid potential pests (Spodoptera frugiperda, S. litura, S. exigua, Ctenoplusia agnata, Mythimna loreyi, Athetis dissimilis, and A. lepigone) of soybean and maize in Suwon, Korea were identified by their morphological characteristics in the wing pattern and male genitalia and partial mitochondrial DNA sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene. The generation number of adults that emerge annually in six species (except A. lepigone) was estimated from the data on density fluctuations of adults caught in sex pheromone traps in 2019 and the forecasted data using temperature-associated development and reproduction models for those species. S. frugiperda adults were caught from July 27th to October 31st in 2019, and hence were initially estimated to emerge three times per year. But, it was finally expected that S. frugiperda adults could possibly emerge a total of four times per year in Suwon, considering larval emergence observed during mid- and late June in other areas. Adult emergence of S. litura, S. exigua, C. agnata, and M. loreyi in 2019 was observed from May 29th to November 6th, from May 14th to November 6th, from May 26th to October 25th, and from May 31st to November 23rd, respectively. Annual adult emergence of these four species was estimated as at least four times. Adults of A. dissimilis were caught from May 26th to September 11th in 2019, and adult emergence was estimated at only twice per annum. It was postulated that the first adult populations of five species except the two Athetis species were probably migrated from other areas.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.39.1-39.15
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• 2023

DNA barcoding without assessing reliability and validity causes taxonomic errors of species identification, which is responsible for disruptions of their conservation and aquaculture industry. Although DNA barcoding facilitates molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of species, its availability in clariid catfish lineage remains uncertain. In this study, DNA barcoding was developed and validated for clariid catfish. 2,970 barcode sequences from mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and cytochrome b (Cytb) genes and D-loop sequences were analyzed for 37 clariid catfish species. The highest intraspecific nearest neighbor distances were 85.47%, 98.03%, and 89.10% for COI, Cytb, and D-loop sequences, respectively. This suggests that the Cytb gene is the most appropriate for identifying clariid catfish and can serve as a standard region for DNA barcoding. A positive barcoding gap between interspecific and intraspecific sequence divergence was observed in the Cytb dataset but not in the COI and D-loop datasets. Intraspecific variation was typically less than 4.4%, whereas interspecific variation was generally more than 66.9%. However, a species complex was detected in walking catfish and significant intraspecific sequence divergence was observed in North African catfish. These findings suggest the need to focus on developing a DNA barcoding system for classifying clariid catfish properly and to validate its efficacy for a wider range of clariid catfish. With an enriched database of multiple sequences from a target species and its genus, species identification can be more accurate and biodiversity assessment of the species can be facilitated.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.325-334
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• 2023

The invasive red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, is native to south-central United States and northeastern Mexico. Recently, it has been being spreading in the wild in South Korea. However, its primary sources, introduction routes, establishment, and expansion in South Korea remain unclear. Here, we analyzed genetic diversity and population genetic structures of its domestic natural populations during early invasion, commercial stock from local aquaria (a suspected introduction source), and original United States population using mitochondrial COI gene sequences for 267 individuals and eight microsatellite markers for 158 individuals. Natural and commercial populations of P. clarkii showed reduced genetic diversity (e.g., haplotype diversity and allelic richness). The highest genetic diversity was observed in one original source population based on both genetic markers. Despite a large number of individuals in commercial aquaria, we detected remarkably low genetic diversity and only three haplotypes among 226 individuals, suggesting an inbred population likely originating from a small founder group. Additionally, the low genetic diversity in the natural population indicates a small effective population size during early establishment of P. clarkii in South Korea. Interestingly, genetic differentiation between natural populations and the United States population was lower than that between natural populations and aquarium populations. This suggests that various genetic types from the United States likely have entered different domestic aquariums, leading to distinct natural populations through separate pathways. Results of our study will provide an insight on the level of genetic divergence and population differentiation during the initial stage of invasion of non-indigenous species into new environments.