• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.403-413
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• 2005

The environmental conservation-targeted zoning in urban planning process has been functioned as securing a ecological core in urban green spaces management. Hence, the designation of conservation zones in land use planning is considered as a key task to achieve the sustainability of urban planning. The recently introduced pre-environmental review system for the proposed urban plan, by which the conservative measures for urban ecosystem and landscape are suggested in aspect of environmental impact mitigation, has played an active role in enhancing the environmental performance degraded by wide range of development pressure. This study is aimed at drawing out of objective criteria for designation of environmental conservation zones, which can be applied to urban planning establishment and also to environmental assessment process. To achieve this goal, the study adopted the following methods; pre-study review, analysis of existing official opinion statements released by the Ministry of Environment, contents analysis of related laws, and experts' panel discussions on the finally arranged criteria. The results of this research can be summarized as follows: First, the total criteria of 48 are drown out with categorizing into environment-ecological and socio-cultural sectosr. Second, the environment-ecological part is composed of 33 criteria such as vegetation, animal, geomorphology, watershed, environmental land suitability, and etc. Here, the Degree of Ecological Function, Degree of Environmental Land Suitability, and Vegetation Map are mainly utilized. Third, the 15 socio-cultural criteria relating to the history, social ecology and landscape have such components as forest around relics, Seo-won(school), castle, tomb, landmark, skyline, natural landscape, and etc. Forth, these individual criteria can be applied to designation of each conservation zones among total of 11 conservation areas(or districts).

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2013

Objectives: The mass media play a crucial role in risk communication regarding climate change. The aim of this study was to investigate the trend in journalistic reports on climate change in the daily newspapers of Korea. Methods: We selected 9 daily newspapers in Korea, which according to the ABC Association, represented 77% of newspaper circulation, out of a total of 44 Korean daily newspapers. The collected articles were from 2009 to 2011. All of the articles were sorted into the following 8 categories: greenhouse gas, climate change conventions, sea level rise, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change synthesis reports, expected damage and effect, use of fossil fuels, global warming, and mitigation or adaptation. A chi-squared test was done on the articles, which were counted and classified into cause, effect, and measurement of climate change according to the newspaper's majority or minority ownership structure. Results: From the 9 selected newspapers, the number of articles on climate change by month was greatest in December 2009. Generally, the articles vague about climate change (lack of precise data, negative or skeptical tone, and improper use of terminology) were much more common than the articles presenting accurate knowledge. A statistical difference was found based on ownership structure: the majority-owned newspapers addressed the cause of climate change, while the minority-owned newspapers referred more to climate change measurement. Conclusions: Our investigation revealed that generally Korean daily newspapers did not deliver accurate information about climate change. The coverage of the newspapers showed significant differences according to the ownership structure.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.10 no.3 s.32
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• pp.41-47
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• 2006

When an underground pipeline runs parallel with DC electric railways, it suffers from electrolytic corrosion caused by the stray current leaked from the railway negative returns, i.e., the rails. Perforation due to the electrolytic corrosion may bring about large-scale accidents even under cathodically protected condition. Traditionally, drainage bonding methods have been widely used as a mitigation method for stray current interference. In particular, the increased adoption of forced drainage method to gas pipelines makes the interference much more sophisticated. In this paper, we analyze the electric interference between pipelines and railways from the results of field investigation carried out in Seoul and Busan.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.495-502
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• 2007

In Korea, military authorities have neglected to consider impacts of military projects on local communities and natural environment. Moreover, local communities have had difficulties in dealing with the Ministry of National Defense (MND), which was stubborn enough not to implement environmental assessment on their projects. In this situation, recent case, "EIA of Baekgol Division's Howitzer Fire Training Site" in the Supreme Court-in which judges upheld the Higher Court's decision that the division violated the Environmental Impact Assessment law by ignoring to implement EIA-reveals that military projects can no longer forgo environmental assessment. The decision has serious ramifications on the future of Environmental Impact Assessment in military-led projects. This paper examines the proper scope of EIA in military-led projects and, more specifically, fire training site and searches for how to improve it through 'probable error,' a military training method that is applied to real 'howitzer' fire training. Probable error of the artillery field manual is nothing more than an error that exceeded as often as it is not exceeded and its scientific method was demonstrated through real fire tests in the US. Army. If it is applied to improve assessment methods about the proper scope of EIA in military 'howitzer' fire training site, 'probable error' will improve effect prediction, mitigation and reliability.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.63-63
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• 2011

화재란 사람의 의도에 반하거나 고의에 의해 발생하는 연소현상으로서 소화시설 등을 사용하여 소화할 필요가 있는 것을 말한다. 사람의 의도에 반한다고 하는 것은 과실에 의한 화재를 의미하며 화기취급 중 발생하는 실화뿐만 아니라 부작위에 의한 자연발화도 포함하며, 고의에 의한다고 하는 것은 일정한 대상에 대하여 피해발생을 목적으로 화재발생을 유도하였거나 직접 방화한 경우를 말한다. 연소현상이라 함은 가연성 물질이 산소와 결합하여 열과 빛을 내며 급속히 산화되어 형질이 변경되는 화학반응을 말한다. 소화시설 등을 사용하여 소화할 필요가 있다는 것은 화재란 연소현상으로서 소화의 필요성이 있어야 하며 소화의 필요성의 정도는 소화시설이나 그와 유사한 정도의 시설을 사용할 수준 이상이어야 한다. 화재원인조사란 발화부를 판단하고 화재에 이르게 된 발화원을 규명하며, 발화부로부터 연소확대된 경과를 조사하는 일련의 행위로서 화재원인조사시 가장 중요한 사항은 발화부 판단인 바, 이는 화재원인이 발화부에만 존재하기 때문이다. 최근에는 다양한 소재의 사용으로 인해 일단 화재로 진행될 경우 인명 및 재산상 피해가 증가하게 되어 있으며, 이로 인해 화재조사시 화학, 물리, 전기, 건축, 기계, 소방 등 다양한 지식과 화재현장에 대한 이해가 요구된다. 화재현장 조사시 발화부 판단의 과학적 접근은 매우 중요한 것으로서, 화재원인의 명쾌한 규명으로 책임한계 구분은 물론, 유사사고의 재발방지를 위한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 기 발생한 화재사례에서 얻은 화재패턴을 분석하여 얻은 자료를 통해 발화부를 판단할 수 있는 조사방법을 다음과 같이 제시하였다. 1) 화재시 열전달과 화염확산 과정에서 건축구조물, 내장재, 집적물 및 각종 설치물의 구조, 재질 등에 따라 다양한 화재패턴을 형성하게 됨을 알 수 있다. 2) 화재패턴의 종류로는 화재플럼에 의한 삼각형, 주상, V, U 패턴 등이 있으며, 연소 생성물인 화염, 연기, 열 등에 의해 다양한 형태를 보임을 알 수 있다. 3) 위와 같은 결과를 종합하여 연소의 상승성, 불꽃 및 연기 흔적, 열에 의한 흔적 등에 의해 연소의 방향성을 알 수 있다. 4) 결국 화재현장에서 명확한 화재원인을 규명하기 위해서는 화재패턴에 의해 연소확대과정을 역으로 추적하여 발화부를 결정한 다음, 발화부내에서 화재원인을 찾아내야 할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.121-125
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• 2010

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology mitigates the emission amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and can reduce green house effect which causes the climate change. Deep saline aquifer or obsolete oil/gas storage etc. in the marine geological structure are considered as the candidates for the storage. The injection and storage relating technology have been interested in the global society, however the adverse effect caused by leakage from the system failure. Even the safety level of the CCS is very high and there is almost no possibility to leak but, still the risk to marine ecosystem of the high concentrated carbon dioxide exposure is not verified. The present study introduces the system and environmental risk assessment methods. The feature, event and process approach can be a good starting point and we found the some possibility from the fault tree analysis for evaluation. From the FEP analysis, we drove the possible scenario which we need to concentrate on the construction and operation stages.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.111-132
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• 2007

The traffic noise of Busan, the second largest city in Korea, is polluting the area. Noise map is a map that shows data on an existing or predicted noise condition in terms of a noise indicator, breaches of a limit value, the number of dwellings exposed to certain values of a noise indicator in a certain area, or on cost-benefit ratios or other economic data on mitigation methods or scenarios with Geographic Information System. With noise map, the effect of traffic noise and the efficiency of city development plan are exactly estimated. So making systematic counteroffer is possible with it. This study is aimed to the construction of basis for noise map construction method for domestic use and the area focus is Busan.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2012.03a
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• pp.325-330
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• 2012

A single-phase PVPCS(photovoltaic power conditioning system) that contains a single phase dc-ac inverter tends to draw an ac ripple current at twice the out frequency. Such a ripple current may shorten passive elements life span and worsen output current THD. As a result, it may reduce the efficiency of the whole PVPCS system. In this paper, the ripple current propagation is analyzed, and two methods to reduce the ripple current are proposed. Firslyt, this paper presents notch filter with IP voltage controller to reject specific current ripple in single-phase PVPCS. The notch filter can be designed that suppress just only specific frequency component and no phase delay. The proposed notch filter can suppress output command signal in the ripple bandwidth for reducing output current THD. Secondly, for reducing specific current ripple, the other method is feed-forward compensation to incorporate a current control loop in the dc-dc converter. The proposed notch filter and feed-forward compensation method have been verified with computer simulation and simulation results obtained demonstrate the validity of the proposed control scheme.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2018

The intensive habitats loss of natural organisms as a consequence of anthropogenic activities has lead to the use of alternative habitats for species conservation. We reviewed the current status of alternative habitats and suggest the improvement of alternative habitats. Most of alternative habitats regarded in this study are not following the pre-arranged consultation at environmental impact assessment. These alternative habitats are rendered useless due to the insufficient consideration of ecological characteristics of species and lack of detailed plans. A number of alternative habitats are influenced by disturbance such as environmental pollution and construction. Post-monitoring of alternative habitats are needed to estimate immigration rate of species. Post management is also needed to assess the status of population stability. Overall, low effectiveness of alternative habitats is presented in this study. According to the status survey, methods for improvement of alternative habitats are required such as detailed guidelines, establishment of post-monitoring system, improvement of habitat restoration techniques, and guidelines for management and operation of alternative habitats.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.189-195
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• 2018

Purpose: We investigated fecal calprotectin (FC) levels in preterm infants with and without feeding intolerance (FI), and compared the FC levels according to the type of feeding. Methods: The medical records of 67 premature infants were reviewed retrospectively. The fully enteral-fed infants were classified into two groups; the FI group (29 infants) and the control group (31 infants). Seven infants with necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, and perinatal asphyxia were excluded. If breast milk (BM) or preterm formula (PF) could not be tolerated by infants with FI, amino acid-based formula (AAF) was tried temporarily. Once FI improved, AAF was discontinued, and BM or PF was resumed. We investigated the FC levels according to the type of feeding. Results: Significant differences were found in gestational age, birth weight, age when full enteral feeding was achieved, and hospital stay between the FI and control group (p<0.05). The FC levels in the FI group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). The FC levels in the AAF-fed infants with FI were significantly lower than those in the BM- or PF-fed infants (p<0.05). The growth velocities (g/d) and z scores were not significantly different between the FI and control group (p>0.05). Conclusion: The FC levels in AAF-fed infants with FI showed significantly lower than those in the BM- or PF-fed infants with FI. The mitigation of gut inflammation through the decrease of FC levels in AAF-fed infants with FI could be presumed.