• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.191-195
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• 2015

A 7-year-old castrated male Korean Shorthair cat was referred with lethargy and anorexia. Laboratory examination revealed moderate degenerative changes of peripheral neutrophils on blood smear examination and decreased levels of free and total thyroxine ($T_4$) as well as bacterial growth on blood culture. Molecular analyses of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene and heat shock protein 60 gene confirmed the bacterium as Enterobacter cloacae. A minimal inhibitory concentration test showed multidrug resistance of the bacterium against 16 antibiotics. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent sequencing specifically for $bla_{TEM}$, $bla_{SHV}$, $bla_{CTX-M}$, and plasmid-mediated ampC genes revealed positive results to $bla_{TEM-1}$, $bla_{CTX-M-15}$, and plasmid-mediated $bla_{ACT-1}$ genes, indicating that the isolated bacterium contains plasmids containing genes encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and plasmid-mediated ampC beta-lactamase. After 1 month of treatment with antibiotics and levothyroxine, the cat's condition improved; both the thyroid function test and the blood culture showed no abnormalities. This is the first report of community-acquired multidrug-resistant E. cloacae-induced euthyroid sick syndrome in a cat. By the prompt diagnostic procedures and properly selected antibiotic therapy, the cat was recovered from the multidrug-resistant bacterium-induced septicaemia.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.9-19
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• 1993

Fatty acid salts derived from soap can be transferred into a typical derivative with p-bromophenacyl bromide using crown ether, a catalizer by the solid-liquid phase transfer reaction in nonpolar, aprotic solvents and separated by the reverse phase high performance liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) and determined using UV detector. The minimal limit of detection was defined at approximately 10~50ng in accordance with the chain length. The derivatization reaction in the presence of EDTA can be applied mot only to the calcium salts but also to the other various metal salts. The recoveries of fatty acid derivatizations in the absence and presence of the midium containing the yeast extract were obtained $95.4{\pm}1.2$, and $85.2{\pm}2.4%$ respectively. The analytical method would be applicable to determine the biodegradation of fatty acid salts in nature as well as in artificial condition such as shaker flask-medium method.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.28-41
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• 2017

In this paper, the fast encoding algorithm in High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) encoder was studied. For the encoding efficiency, the current HEVC reference software is divided the input image into Coding Tree Unit (CTU). then, it should be re-divided into CU up to maximum depth in form of quad-tree for RDO (Rate-Distortion Optimization) in encoding precess. But, it is one of the reason why complexity is high in the encoding precess. In this paper, to reduce the high complexity in the encoding process, it proposed the method by determining the maximum depth of the CU using a hierarchical clustering at the pre-processing. The hierarchical clustering results represented an average combination of motion vectors (MV) on neighboring blocks. Experimental results showed that the proposed method could achieve an average of 16% time saving with minimal BD-rate loss at 1080p video resolution. When combined the previous fast algorithm, the proposed method could achieve an average 45.13% time saving with 1.84% BD-rate loss.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.471-476
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• 2010

Monthly up-river discharge in the riverine zone analysis resulted in large interannual variations and differences in calcium ($Ca^{2+}$), bicarbonate ($HCO_3^-$), and cations in the lacustrine zone (Lz) of Daecheong Reservoir during the wet year (Wy, 1993) vs. dry year (Dy, 1994). Total up-river discharge in the Wy was four times that of the Dy, and the up-river discharge in July~August of the Wy was eight times greater than that of same period of Dy. Annual water retention time in the Lz showed large difference between the two years. Water residence time (WRT) was minimum when the up-river discharge peaked, whereas the WRT was maximum when the up-river discharge was at minimal condition. This peak discharge from the up-river on early July reduced residence time in the Lz on mid-July~late July. Monthly pattern, based on data of May~November, was similar between the two years, but, but mean retention time in the Wy was 50 days shorter than in the Dy. Such hydrology, up-river discharge, and WRT reduced $Ca^{2+}$, $HCO_3^-$, and cations in the Lz. At low up-river discharge in Wy during April~May, the cation content of Ca+Mg+Na+K averaged 1.17meq $L^{-1}$ (range=1.09-1.26meq $L^{-1}$), but as the up-river discharge increased suddenly, the values decreased. Seasonal fluctuations of $Ca^{2+}$ showed exactly same pattern with bicarbonate ion of $HCO_3^-$. The minimum $Ca^{2+}$ (0.03meq $L^{-1}$) was occurred in the early August of wet year and coincided with the minimum $HCO_3^-$. These results suggest that the magnitude of variation in $Ca^{2+}$, bicarbonate, and cations in the lacustrine zone is directly determined by the peak magnitude of up-river discharge. The magnitude of up-river discharge determined water retention time and the magnitude of ionic dilution in the lacustrine zone, resulting in functional changes of the ecosystem.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.65-86
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• 1990

Living conditions of the rural elderly were assessed in terms of clothing behavior, health and nutritional status, housing and envioronmental condition, and psychological adjustment. The subjects were eighty individuals over sixty residing in the rural community of Iksan-kun, Chollabukdo. The interview method using questionnaires, direct measurement, and observation was used for this study. Data were compared with those obtained from a previous study of the elderly residing in an urban area. Clothing behavior showed that the elderly residing in the rural community were more concerned about plain and conservative design of clothes than their urban counterparts. Special protective clothes for cropdusting with agricultural chemicals had not been prepared. The following urgent needs were pointed out: development and supply of agricultural chemical protective clothing and development and education of appropriate washing and clothing care methods. The health status of the elderly was generally good, but poor eating habits were found more frequently in the rural elderly than among the urban dwellers. Several dietary nutrient intakes were insufficient. Contrasting the urban elderly with the rural group, it was found that the urban group lacked sufficient vitamin A and vitamin C and the urban women had insufficient calorie whereas the rural group was deficient in protein, vitamin A, calorie, and fat. A significant relationship was found between dietary nutrient intake and health index, food habit points, self recognized health status, meal satisfaction, and economic status. Urgent needs of the development of a nutrition education program for the elderly were pointed out. Most of elderly residing in the surveyed rural communities were living alone or with their spouse only, therefore only one room was used among the three or four available rooms. Most of the rural elderly were living either in a traditional Korean house built with differing floor levels or in a modified Korean style house. Minimal modernization had been made for kitchen facilities such as sink and gas range or for heating facilities with the briquette boiler. However, sanitary space such as lavatory and bathroom had not been remodeled. A housing welfare program for rural communities should be implemented at the national level. The comparison of psychological characteristics of the rural elderly with their city counterparts revealed that the rural elderly have a more stable psychological status and optimistic attitude than those living in a city. However, it was found that most of the elderly did not have any future plan. Community programs for the elderly including hobbies or leisure activities or education programs to generate close interpersonal relationships with their children should be developed and provided.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.567-578
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• 2007

Statement of problem: The endodontically treated tooth is generally restored with post and core, owing to the brittle and the loss of large amount of tooth structure. As periodontal treatment was developed, there are many cases that periodontally involved teeth used in prosthetic treatment. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the stress distribution in the dentin and post structures by the various post materials and the amount of remaining alveolar bone height. Material and method: The 3-dimensional finite element models of mandible 1st premolars were divided into six types according to the various amount of remaining alveolar bone and post type. All types were modeled using equal length, diameter and shape of the post. Three types of post and core materials were used: prefabricated titaniumpost and amalgam core, prefabricated stainless steel post and amalgam core, and cast gold post and core. 300 Newton force was applied to functional cusp of mandible 1st premolar. Results: The results were as follows: First, there was no apparent difference in the pattern of stress distribution according to the alveolar bone condition concentrate on the post middle area. Second, there was difference in pattern of stress distribution according to the core materials, gold post and core generated same than amalgam core. Third, there was no apparent difference in the pattern of stress distribution within the dentin according to the post and core materials. But a cast gold post and core generated the lowest maximum stress value, a stainless steel post generated the highest maximum stress value. Fourth, in the reduced alveolar bone model, maximum stress value is 1.5 times than that of the normal alveolar bone model. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, to provide minimal stress to the root with alveolar bone reduced, the post length may be as long as apical seal was not destroyed. To prevent fracture of tooth, it is rational to use gold alloy which material was good for stress distribution for post materials.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.391-396
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• 1992

Anabaena variabilis A TCC 29413. a photoautotrophic and nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria. was investigated on the environmental factors regulating the growth and nitrogen lixation activity. A good growth of cyanobacteria] cells was observed due to nitrogen t1xation by the heterocyst differentiation in nitrogen free Allen and Arnon (]/8) medium. The nitrogenase activity was appeared to be in proportion to the cell growth lor 6 days then drastically decreased in the later growth period when the nitraTe was accumulated to high level in the culture to cause the inhibition. The optima] conditions lilr the cell growth and nitrogenase activity of A. varillbili.l were anaerobic. IO.OO0 lux. $30^{\circ}C$ and pH 8 with the nitrogen Cree minimal medium. The activity was significantly inhihited by the low concentrations of ammonium and nitrate. but was stimulated b) the ]ow Ieve] of phosphate and carbonate sources. The treatments of several toxic heavy metals showed strong inhibition of the cell growth and nitrogenase activity by O.3~10 ppm in the order of $Hg^{2+}$ > $Cd^{2+}$ > $Co^{2+}$ > $Zn^{2+}$ > $Ph^{2+}$, and the concentrations for 50% inhibition of the maximum activity were 0.41. 0.47. 0.5 L 0.66 and 8.1 ppm. respectively. The addition of carbohydrates (0.5~ 1.0%) in the dark condition stimulated the growth and activity in the order of sucrose > fructose > glucose.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.130-133
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• 2002

As a society advances, an aging phenomenon and many diseases which did not exist in old times are happening. Especially, in case of the aged patient, because we cant know the time the condition of the patients health become worse, the study of the Tele-information system has been actively carried out by the necessity of a persistent observation. A ECG signal a kind of a vital signals has been widely used to the medical information system as an usual clinical diagnosis for the patients who possess heart diseases. BlueTooth is a close range wireless communication technology which uses a wireless frequency 2.4GHz and has a high trust and self - error correction technology according to a low power consumption quality and a high-speed frequency hopping. This makes get a high trust concerning a data transmission than an existing modem. In addition, though wireless modem is restricted by a minimal of a wireless terminal, It will be possible to coincide with the function of the portable with the low power consumption quality by using Bluetooth. And as the system on a chip of module progresses, the possibility of the small size is present According to this, Bluetooth module transmits the medical information, which is input from the outside among the operations that use the Bluetooth to the Bluetooth module that is connected the host PC. And the system that the host PC transmits the medical information from the connected Bluetooth module to the Internet has once embedded. this study let the host PC embedded in advance of the existing system and transmit the medical information by the addition of the Tcp/Ip protocol stark under all embedded environments to internet.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.31-62
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• 2010

This paper analyzes empirically how analysts' forecasts affected by ownership structure. This study examine a sample of 1,037~1,629 the analysts' forecasts of firms registered in Korean Stock Exchange in the period from 2000 to 2006. The empirical results are summarized as follows. First, from the analysis, companies which have higher major shareholder's holdings tend to increase earnings forecast errors and earnings forecast accuracy. Meanwhile, companies which have higher institution shareholder's holdings tend to decrease earnings forecast errors and earnings forecast accuracy. This result is in line with the view of previous works that companies with higher major shareholder's holdings look towards more of analysts' optimistic forecasts in order to maintain friendly relations with major shareholders. Because of analysts' private information use from major shareholders, earnings forecast accuracy is higher in high major shareholder's holdings firm than in high institution shareholder's holdings it. Second, this analysis is whether the minimal required selection condition of outside directors, audit committee adoption and audit quality affect the relation between ownership structure and analysts' forecasts. This result is that variables related corporate governance do not affect statically the relation between ownership structure and analysts' forecasts. The meanings of this paper is to suggest the positive relations between ownership structure and analysts' forecasts. After this, if analysts will notice forecasts of more many firms, capital market will be more efficient and this field works are plentiful. Also it will need monitoring systems not to distort market efficiency by analysts' dishonest forecasts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.1522-1527
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• 2010

This study was conducted to find out the minimal time needed for detection of Salmonella spp. which exist at very low concentration in foods by using real-time PCR. The sal-F and sal-R sequences were used as primers and sal-P was used as a probe. The detection limit of Salmonella spp. was $3.77{\times}10^2\;cfu/mL$ in buffered peptone water (BPW). Microbial growth was monitored after artificially inoculated Salmonella spp. into BPW. The obtained growth curve was well fitted with the equation, y＝$0.0127x^2$+0.5927x-0.4317 ($R^2$=0.99), if assuming that 1 cell exists in 25 g sample (0.04 cfu/mL). The microbial concentration will be reduced to 10 fold by adding BPW during sample treatment, so actual initial concentration at the starting point of enrichment is 0.004 cfu/mL. At this condition, real-time PCR detection would be possible only when microbial concentration increase occurs to exceed the detection limit (377 cfu/mL). The time needed for microbial increase was calculated from the growth curve equation as 7 hours and 20 minutes. Therefore the total time required for detection was less than 10 hours including the PCR operating time.