• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.332-339
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• 2020

Lentinus edodes (LE) is the first medicinal macrofungus to enter the realm of modern biotechnology. Lentinus edodes is well-known to have anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. In this study, osteoporosis was induced by ovariectomy in female rats, and the prevention and treatment efficacy of the climacteric disease the postmenopausal type I pattern was examined using the experimental substance. Female rats were either sham-operated (sham; n = 5) or surgically ovariectomized (OVX; five animals per group) and then administered to OVX control, raloxifene hydrochloride 1 mg/kg/day, or LE (20 and 200 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. LE treatment suppressed the ovariectomy-induced reduction of bone mineral density in the entire tibia as well as its metaphysis with a decrease of serum osteocalcin and interleukin-6 levels. In addition, LE is suggested to elevate the serum levels of progesterone hormones and prevent bone loss in ovariectomized rats. In conclusion, LE 200 mg/kg/day may have inhibitory effects on osteoporosis in OVX rats.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.5-18
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• 2023

As a result of the survey on the emission status of fluorine-based chemicals in Korea, 13 kinds of substances, including hydrogen fluoride (91%) and perfluorocarbons (5%), were emitted in workplaces. By regional groups, about 98% was emitted in the Gyeongbuk, Gyeonggi and Chungcheong regions, and about 98% in three sectors of industry related to manufacture of electronic parts, chemicals and non-metallic mineral products. The detection status of PFOS and PFOA in domestic main rivers was continuously detected in the Nakdong River, the Geum River and the Anseong Stream estuary with high fluorine-related chemical emissions, and four sites of PFOS and two sites of PFOA were detected for the first time in 2021. PFOS and PFOA were continuously detected in relatively high concentrations in the rivers where there were many semiconductor and display related sectors of industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.657-661
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• 2001

Osteoporosis that is associated with ovarian hormone deficiency following menopause (postmenopausal osteoporosis) is by far the most common cause of age-related bone loss. Isoflavone has been reported as a natural substance that possibly minimizes bone loss in postmenopausal women. This study was conducted to investigate the preventing, treating effects of isoflavone on bone loss in ovariectomized rats. 120 Sprague Dawley rats of 13 week-old were devided into 2 groups, a treatment group and prevention group. Each group was consisted of six subgroups; control (CON), sham operated (SH) or ovariectomized (OVX) and isoflavone supplemented goups: OVX+0.25mg isoflavone/kg diet (OL), OVX+0.8mg isoflavone/kg diet(OM) and OVX+2.5mg isoflavone/kg diet(OH). to study the preventing effects of isoflavone on bone loss, OL, OM and OH groups were fed with isoflavone from 4 days after ovariectomization. Treating effects of isoflavone on bone metabolism were investigated with OL, OM, OH groups supplemented with isoflavone from 8 weeks after ovariectomization. Isoflavone supplementation continued for 8 weeks. At 8 weeks after ovariectomization significant increase in alkaline phosphatase occurred comparing with CON and SH group. By isoflavone supplementation from 4 days after ovariectomy alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline were lowered and bone mineral density, bone strength of the femur and tibia and bone dry weight were slightly enhanced with no significant difference. Isoflavone supplemented group at the level of 0.8mg/kg diet (OM group) had significantly lower serum alkaline phosphatase, urinary hydroxyproline, and higher strength of femur than OVX group. Groups with isoflavone supplementation fro 8 weeks after ovariectomy had lower level of serum alkaline phosphatase, urinary hydroxyproline than OVX group. Bone mineral density, bone dry weight and bone strength of the femur and tibia were slightly enhanced by isoflavone supplementation. However there was no significanct difference between OVS ad isoflavone supplementation groups. The results suggest that isoflavone might have potential role for preventing postmenopausal bone loss. Isoflavone supplementation at early stage of postemenopause may be beneficial to age-related bone health.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.98-103
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• 2016

Pyropia yezoensis were sampled from Jeonnam in Korea, Jiansu in China and Saga in Japan. Sampled P. yezoensis were analyzed proximate composition by Association official Analytical Chemists(AOAC) method, minerals by ICP-OES and amino acid by amino acid analyzer. Three areas resulted that contents of moisture and crude protein were $8.13{\pm}0.38%$ and $37.25{\pm}1.15%$, and crude lipid, ash and carbohydrate were $2.12{\pm}0.27%$, $7.41{\pm}0.36%$ and $45.06{\pm}1.30%$ respectively. In total minerals, Korea and China were $28300.19{\pm}76.39ppm$and $13945.63{\pm}7.73ppm$, and Japan was $12262.485{\pm}4.38ppm$. Amino acids, Korea and China were $265.28{\pm}0.38mg\;g^{-1}$ and $209.19{\pm}0.19mg\;g^{-1}$, and Japan was $157.61{\pm}0.43mg\;g^{-1}$. Therefore, those substance contents of P. yezoensis are significantly different between cultivation sites. The basic data may used to the environmental and nutritional study of P. yezoensis based on country sites.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.363-368
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• 2013

The nutrients and antioxidative activities of fruits and leaves from Metasequoia glyptostroboides were investigated to provide basic data for the future development of functional foods. The nitrogen-free extract contents of fruit and leaves were 69.04% and 50.47%, respectively. Total phenolic content was higher in leaves (21.75 mg/GAE g) compared to the fruit (19.95 mg/GAE g). The mineral components of fruit and leaves mainly consisted of calcium (2,136.08 and 304.85 mg/100 g, respectively), potassium (1,355.53 and 1,144.04 mg/100 g, respectively), and phosphorous (426.30 and 350.50 mg/100 g, respectively). In terms of amino acid composition, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, proline, and leucine were relatively high, but methionine and cystine were low. The hot water extract from leaves was a more potent free radical-scavenger and had higher reducing activities than extracts from fruit. Thus, phenolics of M. glyptostroboides leaves can be utilized as an effective functional food substance for its natural antioxidant properties.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different organic treatments and a chemical fertilizer on the soil chemical, physical, and microbial properties in an organic pear orchard. METHODS AND RESULTS: Control was referred as a NPK chemical fertilizer (15N-9P-10K) and organic treatments included compost containing with oil cake, compost containing with humic acid, and compost containing with chitin substance. All treatments applied at rates equivalent to 200 g N per tree per year under the tree canopy in March 30 of 2008 and 2009. Soil bulk density, solid phase, liquid phase, and penetration resistance were not significantly different among the treatments. Organic treatment plots had greater organic matter, total nitrogen, potassium, and magnesium concentrations compared to control, and the nutrient concentrations were not consistently affected by the organic treatments. Microbial biomass nitrogen and carbon, dehydrogenase, acid-phosphatase, and chitinase activities overall increased from March to August. Organic treatments, especially compost containing with oil cake or chitin aicd, increased the microbial variables compared to control. CONCLUSION(s): All the organic treatments consistently stimulated soil biological activity. The consistent treatment effect, however, did not occur on the soil mineral nutrition as the trees actively taken up the nutrients during a growing season, which would have diminished treatment effects. Long-term study required for evaluating soil physical properties in a pear orchard.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.443-455
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• 2015

To verifying the stability of Natural pigments for Dancheong which is available on the market was carried out as light resistance and gas corrosion test. In this particular case, we will confirm the characteristics of the only pigments except of Dancheong technique and influence of substance. Medium using for coloring are animal glue and synthetic resin that widely used for Dancheong in currently. Selected to artificial light source is a xenon arc lamp, contaminated gas is nitrogen dioxide gas in experiment. Degree of degradation of pigment were compared by measuring the degree of color change. The result of light resistance test, mineral pigments were good; color is green and blue type, soil pigments also good; color is yellow ocher, white clay, red clay etc. Gamboge, unghwang, cinnabar, red lead were confirmed not good. The result of gas corrosion test, most of the natural pigments were good condition except the red lead. Generally, animal glue samples had better than a synthetic resin samples.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.160-166
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• 1989

This study was conducted to investigate whether egg-shell may be used as a mineral sourceor leavening agent in breadmaking. In Korea the waste volume of egg shell has been estimated at about 28,694 tons per year. Carbon dioxide generation maxima were established for barking powder$(153{\pm}3ml/g)$, egg-shell(205in reaction with lactic acid) and yeast$(115{\pm}3ml/sugar\;g)$. Gas release time required for each substance to reach $CO_2$ maximum was, for baking powder 7 minutes, for egg-shell 45 mins and for yeast 240 mins. Particle size of egg-shell in breadmaking was suitable more than 20 mesh (-). When egg-shell only was added to the basic formular without including lactic acid, no leavening effect was observed. However, when lactic acid and egg-shell were used together, the leavening effect was more or less equivalent to that of yeast(control). Addition of egg-shell was found to increase calcium content of bread products without noticeable altering flavor, as compared with control. Joint use of egg-shell was organic acids in breadmaking was shown to have potential in time saving, volume increase and yeast saving.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.92-99
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a deep sea water (DSW) supplement on the quality characteristics of chicken meat. One-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were assigned to three groups and supplemented with water (control) or DSW diluted with deionized water at 1:40 (DSW1:40) and 1:20 (DSW1:20) ratios, respectively, for 28 d. The control was fed a basal diet containing 0.18% salt. Five birds were slaughtered from each group, and the breast meat was collected and stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 9 d. The DSW supplementation did not affect cholesterol content in the chicken meat. The DSW 1:40 supplement decreased fat content (p<0.05), water-holding capacity (p<0.05), and sodium and potassium contents (p<0.05) but increased unsaturated fatty acid content (p<0.05) and the $L^*$ value (p<0.05) of the meat. The DSW 1:20 supplement increased the $a^*$ value (p<0.05) but decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substance inhibition, the $L^*$ value (p<0.05), and the $b^*$ value (p<0.05) in chicken meat. However, the DSW 1:20 supplement did not affect water-holding capacity, fatty acid composition, or mineral content. DSW supplementation at a higher concentration increased red color but decreased lipid oxidation stability. However, further studies are needed to support our findings.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.355-362
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• 2017

The Nongso tomb of Sunchang was built in a relatively deep place; hence there was little damage from grave robbers. The tomb was completely filled with a large amount of charcoal, and therefore the wooden coffin was excavated in relatively good condition. On the basis of the structure of the tombs, excavated artifacts, and radiocarbon dating results, the tomb is estimated to be from between the late Goryeo and the early Joseon period. The wooden coffin excavated is double-layered structures consisting of an outer coffin and an inner coffin. The outside of the wooden coffin is thickly lacquered and decorated with yellow letters and white motifs. An analysis of the pigments' components revealed that the major component of the letters was gold (Au) and the major component of the motifs was silver (Ag). The coffin lacquer had three layers: a pigment layer, a yellowish-brown layer, and a black layer. The wooden bases of the coffins were painted with a black substance, such as soot, as mineral elements were not detected in the black layer. The yellowish-brown layer is presumed to be refined lacquer. From the analysis of the structure of the layers and pigments, we can estimate the method was adopted for making lacquer for wooden coffin. It is assumed that the method used gold leaf and gold powder. The form of the pigment and the internal structure are likely to be gold leaf, but the shape of the surface letters appears to have been formed using gold powder. This study will serve as important information for understanding lacquer making techniques at the time of the tombs' construction by confirming the making method through reproduction experiments using gold leaf and gold powder.