• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.144-161
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• 2007

The studied Nangsan area is widely covered by the Jurassic biotite granodiorite, which is mainly light grey in color and medium-grained in texture. Results of the regional fracture pattern analysis for the granodiorite body are as follows. Strike directions of fractures show three dominant sets in terms of frequency order. The sets are in an order of a (1) $N80^{\circ}{\sim}90^{\circ}E$ (1st-order)>(2) $N70^{\circ}{\sim}80^{\circ}E$ (2nd-order)>(3) $NS{\sim}N10^{\circ}E$ (3rd-order). Spacings of the fractures are mostly predominant in less than 200 cm. Therefore, the granodiorite of the area has more potential for non-dimensional stones than dimension ones. And orientations of vertical quarrying planes can be also divided into two groups in terms of frequency $N14^{\circ}W{\sim}N16^{\circ}E$ (1st-order) and (2) $N78^{\circ}E{\sim}N88^{\circ}E$ (2nd-order). The orientations of the two groups are more or less different from those of the regional fracture patterns. These can be mainly attributed to the preferred orientations of microcrack developed in the quarries. Of physical properties, specific gravity, absorption ratio, porosity, compressive strength, tensile strength and abrasive hardness are 2.65, 0.28%, 0.73%, $1,628kg/cm^2,\;100kg/cm^2$ and 31, respectively. Contrary to the porosity, both granites of the Nangsan and Sogrisan areas show almost similar values of the abrasive hardness. These can be explained by the differences of Qz+Af modes, which can be regarded as an index for abrasive resistance. Meanwhile, it is anticipated that comprehensive understanding of the orientations of vertical quarrying planes and characteristics of various physical properties will be utilized as an important information for stone resources.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.81-97
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• 2013

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between osteoporosis and cardiovascular risk factors according to Sasang constitution. Methods A total of 1773 participants, over 40 years old, were examined as part of a community-based cohort in Wonju city in Gangwon province of South Korea, from June 2006 to August 2009. We measured bone mineral density by Achilles ultrasonometer, serum levels of lipids, fasting blood sugar, insulin and other cardiovascular risk factors like blood pressure and waist circumference. Constitution was verified by a Sasang constitution specialist using the results of PSSC(Phonetic System for Sasang Constitution), facial photos and a simplified Sasang constitutional questionnaire. Results The prevalence rate was 11.2% in total participants, and 10.6% in Soyangin, 10.4% in Taeeumin and 13.9% in Soeumin. In general characteristics, educational and economic property and exercise were concerned with osteoporosis. Systolic blood pressure, pulse rate and total cholesterol were significantly high in osteoporosis group. Age and menopause were the key risk factors for osteoporosis. There was a significantly high prevalence in Soeumin for osteoporosis in men alone. Low physical activity was a major risk factor for osteoporosis. Waist circumference and hip circumference had significantly high odds ratio and weight had significantly low odds ratio. By Sasang constitution, Soyangin has the negative correlation with free fatty acid, Taeeumin has the negative correlation with waist circumference, pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein and Soeumin has the positive correlation with body fat amount. Conclusions Regimens on osteoporosis should be considered according to Sasang constitution. Cardiovascular diseases should be considered according to Sasang constitution. Soeumin should be cautious of osteoporosis and gain weights and reasonable amount of fat food. Soyangin had better do exercise lower body and eat little food containing triglyceride. Taeeumin had better lose weights and eat little cholesterol food.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.778-790
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• 2021

The Stone Seated Buddha Triad and Stone Standing Buddha in Bijung-ri are state-designated heritage (treasure) statues having the Buddha style of the Goryeo dynasty from the 6th century. Conservation scientific investigations were conducted to understand the preservation status of these stone Buddha statues and to establish a conservation plan. The Stone Seated Buddha Triad and Stone Standing Buddha are composed of fine-medium grained biotite granite, which is considered to be of the same origin owing to their low magnetic susceptibility distribution of less than 0.2 (×10^-3 SI unit) and similar mineral characteristics. The Stone Seated Buddha Triad has highly homogenous mineral composition and particle size, whole-rock magnetic susceptibility, and geochemical characteristics very similar to those of the nearby outcrop. It was confirmed that a combination of physical, chemical, and biological factors affects the Stone Buddha statues. In particular, both the Stone Seated Buddha Triad and Stone Standing Buddha tend to be chipped off from the front and cracked and scaled from the back. The Stone Standing Buddha located outdoors experiences granularity decomposition and black algae formation, which accelerate the weathering under unfavorable conservation environments. The result of non-destructive physical property diagnosis using ultrasonic velocity showed that both the Stone Seated Buddha Triad and Stone Standing Buddha have been completely weathered (CW), indicating very poor physical properties.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.122-147
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• 2017

The Jungsandong sites are distributed across quartz and mica schist formations in Precambrian, and weathering layers include large amounts of non-plastic minerals such as mica, quartz, felspar, amphibole, chlorite and so on, which form the ground of the site. Neolithic pottery from Jungsandong exhibits various brown colors, and black core is developed along the inner part for some samples, and sharp comb-pattern and hand pressure marks can be observed. Their non-plastic particles have various composition, size distribution, sorting and roundness, so they are classified into four types by their characteristic mineral compositions. I-type (feldspar pottery) is including feldspar as the pain component or mica and quartz. II-type (mica pottery) is the combination of chloritized mica, talc, tremolite and diopside. III-type (talc pottery) is with a very small amount of quartz and mica. IV-type (asbestos pottery) is containing tremolite and a very small amount of talc. The inner and outer colors of Jungsandong pottery are somewhat heterogeneous. I-type pottery group shows differences in red and yellow degree, depending on the content of feldspar, and is similar to III-type pottery. II-type is similar to IV-type, because its red degree is somewhat high. The soil of the site is higher in red and yellow degree than pottery from it. The magnetic susceptibility has very wide range of 0.088 to 7.360(${\times}10^{-3}$ SI unit), but is differentiated according to minerals, main components in each type. The ranges of bulk density and absorption ratio of pottery seem to be 1.6 to 1.7 and 13.1 to 26.0%, respectively. Each type of pottery shows distinct section difference, as porosity and absorption ratio increase in the order as follows: I-type (organic matter fixed sample) < III-type and IV-type < I-type < II-type (including IV-type of IJP-15). The reason is that differences in physical property occur according to kind and size of non-plastic particles. Although Jungsandong pottery consists of mixtures of various materials, the site pottery has a geological condition on which all mineral composition of Jungsandong pottery can be provided. There, it is thought that raw materials can be supplied from weathered zone of quartz and mica schist, around the site. However, different constituent minerals, size and rock fragments are shown, suggesting the possibility that there can be more raw material pits. Thus, it is estimated that there may be difference in clay and weathering degree.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.471-481
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• 2007

The Landslide in natural slope is occurred mostly by a heavy rain of the summer. This landslide is influenced in soil property of the surface than the rock mass. Soils in natural slope are created by weathering phenomena of the bedrock. These soils differed to the geological conditions such as sedimentary rock, metamorphic rock and volcanic rock. Therefore, estimation of landslide in natural slope is the most important analysis of the bedrock distributions and soil characteristics. This study analyzed the soil property to the natural slopes of Busan area where is distributed to volcanic rock, granite and sedimentary rock. Soil sample conducted various soil tests for estimate the soil physical property and soil engineering characteristics, and analysis of the correlation of geological conditions. In the experiment result, soils were mainly classified by a clayey sand. It is also established that $1.07{\sim}1.99kg/cm^3$ for wet density, $28.2{\sim}39.6^{\circ}$ for angle of shearing resistance, and $8.10{\times}10^{-5}{\sim}8.38{\times}10^{-2}cm/sec$ for coefficient of permeability. From the physical parameter, the soils are estimated to the permeable ground with good shear strength, and soil properties are showed a differential tendency for each geological condition.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.201-213
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• 1990

Mineralogy, chemistry, physical property, and fossil abundance have been studied for the samples collected from three weathering profiles, two from the Duho Formation and one from the Hagjeon Formation in the Tertiary sediments in the Pohang area. The mineralogy of the samples from the Duho Formation shows somewhat different from that of the Hagjeon Formation. Kaolinite is more abundant and shows higher crystallinity in samples from the Duho Formation than those in the Hagjeon Formation, but clay mineral assemblage in each weathering profile remain fairly constant with depth. This difference in mineral distribution seems to be inherited from original source materials. It indicates that little or not severe leaching has been taking place in these three weathering profiles. Weathering indicies indicate different degrees of susceptibility to chemical weathering in these two formations. The Duho Formation has a higher degree of susceptibility to weathering than that of the Hagjeon Formation which is mainly due to differences in clay mineral assemblages in both formations. A noticeble colour difference between oxidized and unoxidized zones in each profile can be easily recognized which is definetely due to different decomposition rate organic carbon by various oxidation state from surface to bottom of the profile. Weathering process have also intensively influenced microfossil preservation about up to 7-10 m in depth in the Duho Formation. Consequently, characteristics observed at weathering surface should be used as a subsidiary tool in setting geologic boundary or establishing formation. Great care must be taken to choose sampling site for microfossil study.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.225-246
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• 2004

Objectives: This study has been done to compare the Talcum's composition before and after using processing method and to clarify its quality and naming through the historical herbal books. Methods: I studied the Talcum and processed Talcum by physical and chemical method which contain microscopic analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, thermal analysis, XRF, ICP, etc, to compare the compositions and its characters. Results: Talcum is a magnesium hydroxidfe(($Mg_3[Si_4O_{10}][OH]_2$)). Talcum contains a main ingredients of MgO 29.03-30.40%(31.70%), $SiO_2$ $62.00{\sim}62.40%(63.50%)$, $H_2O$ $4.40{\sim}4.85%(4.80%)$ and small ingredients, also. Conclusion: A radio-element contents of U, Th contain less than average contents of the lithosphere's U 1.8ppm, Th 7.2ppm. There are two sorts of Talcum which are a northern Talcum(solid Talcu) and southern Talcum(soft Talcum). A northern natural products of Talcum(solid Talcum) are used mostly in korea and china.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.451-461
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• 2000

The design and maintenance of navigation channel and water facilities of an harbor which is located at the mouth of river or at the estuary area are difficult due to the complexity of estuarial water and sediment circulation. Effects of deepening navigable waterways, of changing coastline configurations, or of discharging dredged material to the open sea are necessary to be investigated and predicted in terms of water quality and possible physical changes to the coastal environment. A borad analysis of the transport mechanism in the estuary area was made in terms of sediment property, falling velocity, concentration and flow characteristics. In order to simulate the transport processes, a two-dimensional finite element model is developed, which includes erosion, transport and deposition mechanism of suspended sediments. Galerkin’s weighted residual method is used to solve the transient convection-diffusion equation. The fluid domain is subdivided into a series of triangular elements in which a quadratic approximation is made for suspended sediment concentration. Model could deal with a continuous aggregation by stipulating the settling velocity of the flocs in each element. The model provides suspended sediment concentration, bed shear stress, erosion versus deposition rate and bed profile at the given time step.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.86-91
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• 2024

In this study, the characteristics of mortar using carbondioxide conversion capture materials (CCMs), fabricated by reacting CO₂ with desulfurization gypsum (DG) by-produced from a oil refinery, as a cement mixture. Based on the chemical component and particle size analysis results, it estimated that desulfurized gypsum reacted with carbon dioxide to produce carbonate crystals such as CaCO₃. Using CCMs as a cement mixture, physical property and durability analysis were conducted by measuring such as workability, compressive strength, compressive strength ratio after freezing-thawing and accelerated carbonation depth. The experimental results showed that as the content of the admixture increased, workability and compressive strength characteristics decreased. Compressive strength after freezing-thawing and accelerated carbonation depth also showed similar characteristics to the physical property measurement results. In addition, compared to desulfurized gypsum, using CCMs showed better physical properties and durability. This was assumed to be due to differences in the crystal phases of the mixed materials such as free-CaO and CaCO₃.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.35-43
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• 2012

This study was carried out for the purpose of obtaining basic data to utilize the AMD sludge as sorbent for heavy metal ions. The sludge from the treatment process of Acid Mine Drainage mainly consists of fine iron hydroxide or iron oxide hydrate and calcite, and the fine iron hydroxide or iron oxide hydrate has a property of adsorbing heavy metal ions. In this study, we investigated the physical property of the AMD sludge like as mineral composition, particle size and shape and chemical composition and also investigated the influence of dosage of sludge, adsorbing time, pH, initial concentration and sintering temperature on the adsorption of heavy metal ions.