• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39A no.12
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• pp.729-738
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose interference avoidance resource allocation scheme based on graph-coloring algorithm to introduce performance gain using spatial reuse in D2D (Device-to-Device) system. By assigning multiple D2D pairs to a single D2D resource, interference from neighboring D2D pairs is inevitable, which leads to performance degradation. Therefore, we first introduce the feedback information and the method considering the amount of information that can be practically provided by a D2D pair. Then, we propose how to construct a graph, which is corresponding to the D2D system, using the feedback information and adopt a graph-coloring algorithm to efficiently avoid interference. Simulation results show that the proposed resource allocation scheme outperforms traditional resource allocation schemes in both overall sum rate and spectral efficiency of D2D system while reducing the outage probability. Moreover, the outage probability, which indicates a failure rate of D2D communication, can be reduced by adopting the proposed scheme.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38C no.4
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• pp.378-386
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a multi-way relaying system, in which N communicating nodes interchange their information one another by the help of a multiple-antenna non-regenerative relay station (RS). While the conventional multi-way relaying requires 2N transmission phases to complete the data exchange, the proposed system completes the mission with N phases composed of one multiple access phase and N-1 broadcast phases. For effective broadcast transmission, the proposed system pairs users for signal transmission with a new RS beamforming matrix not to interfere with the nodes of different pairs and a self-interference canceler at each node. The performance evaluation in terms of the average sum rate shows that the proposed system outperforms the conventional one with more significant gain when the number of RS antennas is comparable to the number of communicating nodes. The proposed schemes can be applicable to marine communications where the ships need to share their information with extended coverage.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.447-456
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• 2018

Elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) thermal/optical methods for the analysis of ambient particulate matter were used to analyze twenty-two $PM_{2.5}$ samples along collected from May 28 to June 20 of 2016 at the Anmyeon measurement site ($36.32^{\circ}N$; $126.19^{\circ}E$). The three laboratory OCEC protocols, which are the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH5040), the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments_A(IMPROVE_A), and European Supersites for Atmospheric Aerosol Research2 (EUSAAR2), were utilized for the aerosol characterization experiment as in intercomparisons between three protocols. There are excellent agreement for total carbon (i.e. sum of EC and OC), but statistically significant differences were observed in the split between the measured EC and OC. IMPROVE_A EC values were always larger than both NIOSH5040 and EUSAAR2 protocols. These methods exhibited significantly different temperature-distributions based on thermogram analysis, which is normalized to total carbon. In this study, a protocol for carbonaceous analysis is suggested for the Korean Peninsula.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2018

The present study made a phantom for gamma ray of 140 keV radiated from $^{99m}Tc$, examined shielding effect of lead by thickness of the shielding material, and measured surface dose and depth dose by body depth. The OSL Nano Dot dosimeter was inserted at 0, 3, 15, 40, 90, and 180 mm depths of the phantom, and when there was no shield, 0.2 mm lead shield, 0.5 mm lead shield, The depth dose was measured. Experimental results show that the total cumulative dose of dosimeters with depth is highest at 366.24 uSv without shield and lowest at 94.12 uSv with 0.5 mm lead shield. The shielding effect of 0.2 mm lead shielding was about 30.18% and the shielding effect of 0.5 mm lead shielding was 74.30%, when the total sum of the accumulated doses of radiation dosimeter was 100%. The phantom depth and depth dose measurements showed the highest values at 0 mm depth for all three experiments and the dose decreases as the depth increases. This study proved that the thicker a shielding material, the highest its shielding effect is against gamma ray of 140 keV. However, it was known that shielding material can't completely shield a body from gamma ray; it reached deep part of a human body. Aside from the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) recommending depth dose by 10 mm in thickness, a plan is necessary for employees working in department of nuclear medicine where they deal with gamma ray, which is highly penetrable, to measure depth dose by body depth, which can help them manage exposed dose properly.

• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.650-660
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• 2005

Proteins accumulated in dry, stratified Arabidopsis seeds or young seedlings, totaled 1100 to 1300 depending on the time of sampling, were analyzed by using immobilized pH gradient 2-DE gel electrophoresis. The molecular identities of 437 polypeptides, encoded by 355 independent genes, were determined by MALDI-TOF or TOF-TOF mass spectrometry. In the sum, 293 were present at all stages and 95 were accumulated during the time of radicle protrusion while another 18 appeared in later stages. Further analysis showed that 226 of the identified polypeptides could be located in different metabolic pathways. Proteins involved in carbohydrate, energy and amino acid metabolism constituted to about 1/4, and those involved in metabolism of vitamins and cofactors constituted for about 3% of the total signal intensity in gels prepared from 72 h seedlings. Enzymes related to genetic information processing increased very quickly during early imbibition and reached highest level around 30 h of germination.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.599-608
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• 2010

Steel trusses that act compositely with concrete slabs have proven to be an economical system for long-span floors. The composite action is generally achieved by providing shear connections between the steel top chord and the concrete topping. The composite sections have greater stiffness than the sum of the individual stiffnesses of the slab and truss. Therefore, steel trusses that act compositely with concrete slabs can carry larger loads and are stifferand less prone to transient vibration. During the tests that were performed in this study, the crack pattern and deflection of the beam of the composte truss were investigated. The test results were compared with the results for the noncomposite trusses.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.706-710
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• 2006

Purpose: Keloid is a clinical term characterized by elevation and extension of scar tissue beyond wound margin. Currently, there is no known treatment that shows consistent effect in all patients. Postoperative radiation therapy is known to prevent recurrence of keloid. Methods: We reviewed data of patients who had undergone operation or operation followed by radiation therapy at our institute for the last 12 years. Follow up was possible in 39 patients(21 patients treated only by operation and 18 treated by operation and radiation therapy) We then investigated recurrence in both groups by VAS score. By mail, patients were asked to score their current condition on the bar in 4 aspects(itching, pain, mass lesion(by patients and other persons)). Two criteria were used for defining successful treatment. One is the case which total VAS score was 0, and the other is sum of VAS score of mass lesion was 0 to 5. Results: In the former, recurrence rate is 90.5% in operations-only group but 66.7% in operations plus radiation therapy group(p < 0.05). In the latter, recurrence rate is 66.7% in operation-only group but 22.2% in operations plus radiation therapy group(p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results shows postoperative radiation therapy is effective method in keloid treatment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.427-436
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• 2010

A total of 18 surface sediments within the special conservation zone in the Masan Bay were analyzed to investigate the spatial distribution and polluted pathway of polybrominated diphenyl ehters(PBDEs). Twenty-two PBDE congeners were detected and brominated diphenyl ether-209 (BDE-209) among them was predominant. The concentrations of BDE-209 and ${\Sigma}_{21}$PBDEs (sum of 21 PBDE congeners without BDE-209) ranged from 2.32 to 64.2 ng/g and from 0.72 to 8.24 ng/g, respectively. The spatial distribution of both BDE-209 and ${\Sigma}_{21}$PBDEs showed a negative gradient from the inner to the outer Bay, indicating that the source of PBDEs might be mainly located inside the Bay such as streams and an effluent of wastewater treatment plants. It was seemed likely that the major parameters determining levels of PBDEs in the Masan Bay were the distance discharging from their sources as well as the characteristics and movement of sediments due to the flow of sea water.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.1 s.22
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• pp.137-155
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• 2007

Purpose : This study was undertaken to make a diagnosis weakness and firmness (虛實) of Dysmenorrhea patients by diagnosis questionnaires system(Diagnosis System of Oriental Medicine-DSOM) Methods : The subjects were 58 volunteers who was suffering for dysmenorrhea, employed using Measure of Menstrual Pain (MMP) questionnaire. The had agreed to take part in this experiment, with didn't take any anodyne drugs. The MMP score by using 7 questions and the Menstrual Symptom Severity List(MSSL-D) was measured before and after menstruation cycle. Results and Conclusions : The findings of this study were as follows; 1. We examined Pathogenic Factor's frequency of DSOM, Coldness(寒) was 45 persons 80.36%, Damp(濕) was 40 persons 71.43%, Heart(心) was 37 persons 66.07%, Heat syndrom(熱) was 9 persons 16.07%, insufficiency of Yang(陽虛) was 6 persons 10.71%. 2. We divided Dysmenorrhea patients into two groups(weakness and firmness) by Results of DSOM, Firmness was 25 Persons 43.1%, Weakness was 23 persons 39.7%, Unknown was 10 persons 17.2%. 3. In estimation based on Measure of Menstrual Pain (MMP) questionnaire Severe menstrual pain is weakness, Mild menstrual pain is Firmness. 4. In estimation of coldness and heat syndrom, Coldness was 40 persons 69.0%, Heat syndrom, was 2 persons 3.5%, Possess both coldness and heat syndrom was 9 persons 15.5%.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.179-184
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• 2001

To investigate the effects of harvesting times on physicochemical and milling properties of rice, milling tests were performed applying laboratory milling systems. Milling and head rice yields were highest in rice harvested at the 45 days after heading at 76.49 and 94.43%, respectively. Milled rice grain harvested 45 days after heading showed the highest minimum viscosity, as shown in the amylogram curves, as well as the lowest consistency viscosity. Protein and amylose contents were highest in rice harvested at 35 days after heading, whereas the instrumental taste score was highest 45 days after heading.