• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.494-499
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• 2004

Growth in population and urbanization has progressively increased the loadings of pollutants from non-point sources as well as point sources. Therefore, it is necessary to manage both point and non-point sources contaminations for protecting water environment and improving water quality. This study investigated the characteristics of pollutant release over a wide range of rainfall intensities as a requisite to control road runoff that accounts for the largest portion of non-point source contamination in urban areas. Samples of runoff rainwater collected from real road surfaces were analyzed for physicochemical parameters such as pH, suspended solids, and heavy metals. A experimental model road ($30cm{\times}30cm$) was also used to evaluate wash-off properties of pollutants deposited on the surface as functions of time and rainfall intensity. Analysis of runoff samples on rain events showed that the pollutant wash-off patterns for heavy metal and suspended solids were similar. This implies that the particles in rainwater adsorb heavy metals. Experiments using the model road made of impervious asphalt demonstrate a strong first flush phenomenon. At high rainfall intensity, approximately 80% of total pollutants were released within 15 min. The pollutant wash-off rates rapidly increase from 9 mm/hr to 12 mm/hr of rainfall intensity and decrease over 12 mm/hr of rainfall intensity.

• 환경생물
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2009

All organisms are being exposed to harmful factors present in the environmental. The combined action of various factors is a distinguishing feature of modern life. An interaction between two chemicals is considered as synergistic when the effect produced is greater than the sum of the two single responses. The biological effects due to the combined action of ionizing radiation with the other factor are hard to estimate and predict in advance. In the current study, we investigated the synergistic effects between ionizing and $HgCl_2$ using fish hepatoma cells (PLHC-1 cells). The results showed a dramatic decrease of cell viability after simultaneous treatment of PLHC-1 cells with ionizing radiation and $HgCl_2$. Neiither of the two had any cytotoxic effect when treated alone. The cytotoxicity of ionizing radiation was enhanced in the presence of $HgCl_2$. The synergistic effects were observed after exposure of the PLHC-1 cells to ionizing radiation combined with $HgCl_2$. The synergistic interaction was due to an increase of irreversibly damaged cells after the combined exposure. Analysis of the extent of synergistic interaction enables to make quantitative estimation of irreversibly damaged cells after the combined exposure. The present study suggests that PLHC-1 cells can serve as rapid screening tools for detecting the toxicity of harmful factors.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2016

실손의료보험은 국민건강보험이 보장하지 않는 부분을 지원함으로써 보장성을 강화시키는 기능을 수행하고 있다. 그러나 까다로운 운영체계 및 절차로 보험가입자의 의료실손금액 청구가 어려운 실정이다. 이러한 현상을 해소하기 위하여 보험가입자가 진료비를 요양기관에 지급한 후 청구서류를 작성하여 보험금을 청구하는 체계로 운영(상환제)하고 있다. 그러나 상환제 운영도 여전히 보험가입자의 권익보호가 어렵고, 번거로운 청구 절차로 소액보험금의 청구를 포기하는 상황이다. 그래서 보험가입자의 편리와 운영의 간소화를 위하여 개인정보 은닉기술, 본인인증기술, e-page safer 기술 기반 증명서 발급에서 공인전자주소(#-mail)를 활용한 보험료 청구까지 한번에 처리할 수 있는 원스톱 보험 청구 시스템을 적용하였다. 이렇게 개발된 시스템은 번거로운 청구절차를 간소화함으로써 보험 청구율이 높아져 의료비의 부담을 줄일 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

국내 전국대학 실험실을 비롯한 위험물 관련 사고사례를 조사하였으며, 중앙소방학교를 비롯한 서울, 경기, 부산, 광주, 경북, 충청소방학교의 위험물에 대한 교과운영이 어떻게 이루어지고 있는지 조사하고, 각 대학 소방관련학과에서 운영하고 있는 위험물질론 교과운영이 어떻게 진행되고 있는지에 대해서도 조사하였다. 또한 중앙 119 구조대를 비롯한 각 지방소방학교에서 교육을 받고 있는 현직 소방공무원을 대상으로 위험물관련 교육에 대한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문분석결과, 위험물 관련실험 교육과정 및 실험매뉴얼의 개발이 시급한 것으로 조사되었고, 지방소방학교의 위험물관련 교육은 전공자가 강의를 해야 하고, 위험물관련 사고예방을 위한 전문가 교육이 필요한 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 실험중심의 위험물 교과운영으로의 개선이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2012

We consider the capacitated lot-sizing and scheduling problem for a paper remanufacturing system that produces several types of corrugated cardboards. The problem is to determine the lot sizes as well as the sequence of lots for the objective of minimizing the sum of setup and inventory holding costs while satisfying the demand and the machine capacity over a given planning horizon. In particular, the paper remanufacturing system has sequence-dependent setup costs that depend on the type of product just completed and on the product to be processed. Also, the setup state at one period can be carried over to the next period. An integer programming model is presented to describe the problem. Due to the complexity of the problem, we modify the existing two-stage heuristics in which an initial solution is obtained and then it is improved using a multi-pass interchange method. To show the performances of the heuristics, computational experiments were done using the real data, and a significant amount of improvement is reported.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2020

The plastic waste problem is deepening all over the world. Plastic wastes have serious impacts on our lives as well as environ- mental pollution. The production and use of plastics increases every year, but once they are produced, they usually roam the earth for hundreds or thousands of years to pollute the environment. Although there is growing interest in plastic issues around the world and environmental regulations are being tightened, but no clear solution has yet been found. This study suggests Environmental degradation index (EDI). EDI can help raise consumers' attention to plastic wastes. In addition, EDI will contribute to reduce them in the future. As far as we know, this is the first study. We developed EDI for the confectionery packaging. This study defines four factors that may affect the environment of confectionery packaging: greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, methane emissions, and packaging space ratio. Then we quantify the value of each element and compute EDI as the sum of the four component values. In order to evaluate the feasibility of EDI proposed in this study, confectionery-packaging materials distributed in Korea were collected and analyzed. First, the types of confectionery are classified into pies, biscuits, and snacks and basic data was collected. Then the values of the four components were calculated using existing research data on the environment. We can use the proposed EDI to determine how much a product packing affects the environment.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.965-973
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• 2008

In this study, we compared the quality and sensory characteristics of 4 types of fresh tomatoes and 2 types of canned tomatoes, and then determined the most preferred quality characteristics and tomato type for the production of tomato sauce. The sample tomatoes were prepared by cutting after either peeling or heating for 5 min. Soluble solids were in the following order: Italian canned >American canned, Cherry> Vita king > Aranka > general tomatoes. The primary free sugars were fructose and glucose, and we determined that fructose and glucose were the most prevalent sugars in the cherry and American canned tomatoes. The total sugars, which were the sum of the fructose and glucose contents, were consistent with the soluble solid contents. pH was measured in the following order: general> Italian canned> Cherry, Vitaking> Aranka> American canned tomatoes. The most abundant amino acid was glutamic acid, and its content in the unheated tomatoes occurred in the following order: American canned> Italian canned> Vita king> Cherry> general tomatoes; however, after heating, the Vita king tomato was followed by the American canned tomato. The lightness (L value) of the fresh tomatoes tended to be higher than that of the canned tomatoes, and it decreased after heating. The redness (a value) of the unheated tomatoes was in the following order: Italian canned> American canned> Vitaking tomatoes; after heating, the Vitaking evidenced the highest values, followed by the canned tomatoes. The result of our QDA profile of sensory characteristics according to redness, aroma, sweet taste, sour taste, palatability, and viscosity was in the following order: Italian canned > American canned > Vitaking tomatoes, which evidenced the most balanced hexagonal shape. In the preference test, 2 types of canned tomatoes and Vitaking tomatoes were the most preferred among the fresh tomatoes. From the correlation coefficients among the sensory characteristics, canned tomatoes were the most preferred for the production of tomato sauce due to its high redness, flavor, palatability, and viscosity values. Vitaking tomatoes were the most appropriate among the fresh tomatoes.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2013

본 논문은 패킷 손실의 영향을 이용한 비 침입적 음질 평가 방법을 제안한다. 패킷 손실은 패킷 기반의 통신 시스템에서 음질을 저하시키는 주된 요소이며 그 영향은 코덱에 내장된 패킷 손실 은닉 알고리듬에 의해 결정된다. 패킷 손실 영향을 반영한 음질평가 시스템을 위해 VoIP 에서 협대역 코덱으로 사용되는 코덱 중 하나인 G.729를 선택하였으며, 음성 특징에 따른 패킷 손실 영향을 구분하기 위해서 G.729 코덱의 음성 파라미터를 이용한 한 음성 특성 분류기를 설계하였다. 이후, 각각의 패킷 특성에 따른 음질 저하의 정도를 수치화하기 위해 원 PESQ-LQ점수와 상관계수를 최대화하는 음질 저하 가중치를 반복적으로 구하였으며, 최종 음질 저하는 가중합으로 구하였다. 그 결과 제안한 모델과 PESQ-LQ의 상관계수는 칩입 모델 에서는 0.8950를, 비 침입 모델 에서는 0.8911의 결과를 나타내었다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.407-414
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• 2015

The effect of activated carbon particle diameter (i.e. US sieve No. $8{\times}10$ ($d_p{\approx}2.19mm$), $18{\times}20$ ($d_p{\approx}0.92mm$), $50{\times}60$ ($d_p{\approx}0.27mm$) and $170{\times}200$ ($d_p{\approx}0.081mm$) on caffeine adsorption is investigated. BET surface area was increased with decreasing particle diameter ($d_p$), and caffeine adsorption rates increased with decreasing $d_p$. Moreover, pseudo-second order model is predicted the experimental data more accurately than pseudo-first order model, and the fastest rate constant ($k_2$) was $1.7g\;mg^{-1}min^{-1}$ when $d_p$ was 0.081 mm. Surface diffusion coefficient (Ds) was decreased with decreasing $d_p$ based on the minimum sum of square error (SSE). Practically, certain ranges of Ds are acceptable with high reliability ($R^2$) and it is determined that the effect of $d_p$ on Ds is unclear. The effect of pH on caffeine adsorption indicated the dependency of m/L ratio (mass liquid ratio) and $pH_{pzc}$. The $pH_{pzc}$ (i.e. $7.9{\pm}0.2$) was not affected by $d_p$. The higher caffeine adsorption at pH 4 and pH 7 than at pH 10 is due to $pH_{pzc}$, not $pk_a$ of caffeine.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2012

Amount of radiation exposure by seeing through fluoroscopy examination while is many patient exposure administration and unprepared misgovernment be. In this study, abdominal fluoroscopy during the scan, the dose and image quality change according to the use of grid and added filter optimized by measuring the test condition is proposed. Uses seeing through fluoroscopy examination equipment of Image Intensifier of Easy Diagnost Eleva (Philips), under tube type and uses Human phantom and measures average area dose according to grid insertion existence and nonexistence and added filter kind change. Measure sum of 29 organ dose and effective dose through PCXMC imagination simulation program and image J program through noise, SNR, image distortion was measured. Resolution, sharpness, and analyzed using the MTF curves. Fluorography the grid to insert the filter thickness and thickening and increased the average area dose and organ doses and effective dose. In the case of spot examination, when inserted grid, average area dose and organ dose and effective dose increased. Filter thickens the average area dose decreased, but the organ doses and effective dose were increased when use 0.2mmCu+1mmAl filter, decreased slightly. Noise and SNR measurements without inserting the gird, if you do not use the added filter was the lowest and when measure the distortion, 0.1mmCu+1mmAl filter was no difference of image quality in case insert grid was judged that when did not use occasion added filter that do not use grid, difference of image quality does not exist. Did not show a big difference, according to the grid and uses of the added filter sharpness, and resolution. Patient dose increases with factors that reduce the quality of the image so reckless grid and the use of the added filter when abdominal fluoroscopy examination should be cautious in using.