• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.259-261
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 ATM 스위칭 시스템에서 사용되는 다단계 상호연결망(MIN)에서의 고장 허용 멀티캐스팅 알고리즘을 제안하고 그 신뢰도에 대해 분석한다. 멀티미디어 통신 서비스를 효율적으로 제공하기 위해서, 멀티캐스트는 ATM 스위칭 시스템에서 중요한 기능 중 하나이다. 또한, 고장에 취약한 MIN에서 고장 허용하는 것을 필수적인 요소이다. 제안된 알고리즘은 MIN에서 다수의 스위칭 소자의 고장을 허용하며, 멀티캐스트 목적지들을 표현하기 위해 큐브 부호화 방식을 사용한다. 이 알고리즘은 고장난 MIN에서 임의의 멀티캐스트 패킷을 두 번 순환시킴으로써 고장을 우회하면서 그 패킷의 목적지들로 라우팅을 한다. 그리고, 시스템의 신뢰도 측면에서 알고리즘의 고장 허용 능력을 기존의 알고리즘과 비교하여 분석한다.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.439-442
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 MPC860T 프로세서에 기반한 내장형 시스템에 실시간 운영체제 uC/OS를 이식한다. 실시간 운영체제는 외부에서 발생한 요구에 대하여 제한된 시간 내에 빨리 처리할 수 있게 하고, 여러 작업이 동시에 수행될 수 있도록 하여, 시스템이 보다 능률적이고 효과적인 성능을 발휘하도록 한다. 또한 부트 로더 PPCBoot를 이식하여 보다 편리한 사용자 환경을 구축한다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.115-125
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• 1992

It is advisable to use irrigation solutions which have strong antibacterial effect and weak cytotoxic effect on treating root infections. Streptococci are ones of the most frequently isolated microorganisms in infected root canals. The antibacterial effect of ten irrigation solutions were investigated on S. mutans (19449), S. sanguis. )10556) and 4 streptococci isolated from saliva of healthy persons. These streptococci were exposured to irrigation solutions during 10 sec, 30 sec,. 1 min, 3 min, 5 min, 10 min, 30 min and 2hrs respectively. Four irrigation solutions which showed strong antibacterial activity were diluted to 1 : 1 to 1 : 10,000. Then they were subcultured on blood agar plate an observed after 1 day. 5.25% NaOC1 had the strongest antibacterial effect. 30% urea and normal saline showed no antibacterial effect. 50 % citric acid and 3% $H_2O_2$ showed relatively weak antibacterial effect. 15 % EDTA had very weak antibacterial effect.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.79-83
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• 2019

Horse heart myoglobin (MYG) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were hydrolyzed by microwave-assisted weak-acid hydrolysis for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min using 2% formic acid (FA) at $100^{\circ}C$. Generally, the number of identified peptides increased with increasing irradiation time, indicating that the duration of microwave irradiation is linked to the efficiency of hydrolysis. For MYG, irradiation for 60 min provided the highest number of identified peptides, the greatest sequence coverage values and the highest MASCOT score values among the investigated irradiation times. Irradiation of BSA for 50 min, however, yielded a greater number of peptides than irradiation for 60 min due to the generation of miscleaved peptides after microwave irradiation for 50 min.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.312-318
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• 1989

Microcapsule of Propranolol HCl with Cellulose Acetate Phthalate (CAP) by coacervation-phase separation method was studied. Encapsulation was carried out in the CAP-liquid paraffin-acetone ethanol solvent system. The optimum weight ratio for microencapsulation in the CAP-liquid paraffin-solvent system was 1.32:89.18:9.50 or 1.65:89.42:8.93. The wall thickness of microcapsules increased according to increasing of CAP concentration, but dissolution rate decreased. The dissolution of propranolol-HCl in simulated gastric and intestinal fluid test solution was completed within 3 min., but T50% of propranolol HCl from 10.0% CAP-microcapsules were 390 min. and 210 min. respectively. The released amount from 12.5% CAP-microcapsules was 41.8% within 720 min. in simulatd gastric fluid test solution and T50% of those in simulated intestinal fluid test solution was 250 min.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.1246-1249
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• 2008

우리 나라는 고령화 사회로 접어들었고 그에 이어 초 고령화 사회가 예상되는 가운데, 실버 세대를 위한 체계적이고 실질적인 의료 환경이 요구 되고 있다. 독거노인과 거동이 불편한 노인들을 위하여 USN을 활용한 노인 건강관리 시스템(U-SilverCare)의 필요성이 급증하고 있다. 본 논문은 가속도 센서(Accelerometer Sensor), 혈중 산소포화도 센서 (POximeter Sensor), 심장박동센서(EKG Sensor)를 이용하여 실생활에서 일어날 수 있는 상황을 4가지로 구성, 실버 세대를 위한 U-SilverCare 응급상황 통보 시스템 시나리오를 구현하였다.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.43-49
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• 2024

The neural network classifier is known to be susceptible to adversarial attacks, where projected gradient descent-like noise is added to the data, causing misclassification. These attacks can be prevented by min-max training, where the neural network is trained to handle adversarial attack data. Although min-max training is very effective, it requires a large amount of training time because each adversarial attack data generation requires several iterations of gradient back-propagation to produce. In this paper, convolutional layers are used to replace the projected gradient descent-based production of adversarial attack data in an attempt to reduce the training time. By replacing the adversarial noise generation with the output of convolutional layers, the training time becomes comparable to that of a simple neural network classifier with a few additional layers. The proposed approach significantly reduced the effects of smaller-scale adversarial attacks, and under certain circumstances, was shown to be as effective as min-max training. However, for severe attacks, the proposed approach was not able to compete with modern min-max-based remedies.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.460-464
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• 2000

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are believed to play a role in the binding and formation of microbial flocs. However, the precise role is not well known. Sludge settling characteristics and the carbohydrate to protein ratio in EPS were tested with various airflow rates in this study. Sludge was collected from three modified sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), which were operated at 16$\^{C}$ with an airflow rate of 0.8L/min, 3L/min and 6L/min, respectively. During the operation, the reactor operated at an airflow rate of 0.8L/min showed sludge volume index (SVI) of 80 to 90ml/g and a constant ratio of carbohydrate to protein in the EPS, while a significant increase in the SVI was seen in the other reactors. Sludge bulking increased the amount of carbohydrate in the EPS, while kept protein almost constant in the airflow rate of 3L/min ad 6L/min. Surface charge also increased with increases in the carbohydrate to protein ratio in the EPS, which weakens the attraction between the EPS and multivalent cations. The ratio of carbohydrate to protein in the EPS was tween the EPS and multivalent cations. The ratio of carbohydrate to protein in the EPS was inferred to be essential for bioflocculation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.523-529
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• 2008

Algal blooms in a local eutrophic lake often produces the musty and earthy taste & odor problems. Since the odor causing compounds(OCCs) including geosmin and 2-MIB have their own volatility, the OCCs can be removed from water by air stripping methods. Removal of TON(threshold odor number) as an index for OCCs could be fitted well with the first order equations($R^2=0.9$ above), where the air stripping coefficient of TON, k was in the range between 0.0055 and 0.0097 according to the aeration time. k within 30min aeration tests was 0.0097, while it was 0.0055 where the aeration time extended to 150min. With 15 mg/L of PAC, removal of TON was not simulated with 1st order equation within 30min aeration. Within 30min aeration, OCCs rather than geosmin and/or 2-MIB could be removed easily by air stripping or PAC adsorption, while OCCs such as geosmin and/or 2-MIB could be removed slowly by air stripping after 30min aeration. Geosmin and 2-MIB were not readily removed by air stripping(k of them were 0.0018~0.0047 and 0.0018~0.0034, respectively at different air flow rates). Geosmin could be removed by air stripping a little better than 2-MIB.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.664-668
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• 2008

The diffusivity of aerosol sanitizers may be determined by the weight and droplet size of the aerosol. To test the effects of droplet size, 2 types of aerosol sanitizers were prepared using different ultrasonic nebulizer frequencies (1.6 and 2.4 MHz) and their reduction activities were determined against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella typhimurium. A sodium hypochlorite aerosol was treated for 10, 30, or 60 min in a model aerosol cabinet. When the aerosol prepared by nebulizing at 1.6 MHz was treated for 30 min, a 0.2 log reduction was observed in E. coli O157:H7 and 0.3 log reductions were exhibited in L. monocytogenes and S. typhimurium, respectively. After 60 min, the 3 pathogens were reduced by 1.7, 0.6, and 0.8 log units, respectively. However, when the aerosol prepared by nubulizing at 2.4 MHz was treated, the microbes presented 1.6, 0.5, and 0.6 log reductions at 30 min, and 1.8, 0.9, and 1.1 log reductions at 60 min of treatment, respectively.