• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1156-1156
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• 2001

This work aimed to prove the feasibility of NIR spectroscopy to detect vegetable protein isolates (soy, pea and wheat) in milk powder. Two hundred and thirty-nine samples of genuine and adulterated milk powder (NIZO, Ede, NL) were analysed by NIRS using an InfraAlyzer 500 (Bran+Luebbe). NIR spectra were collected at room temperature, and data were processed by using Sesame Software (Bran+Luebbe). Separated calibrations for each non-milk protein added, in the range of 0-5%, were calculated. NIR data were processed by using Sesame Software (Bran+Luebbe). Prediction and validation were made by using a set of samples not included into the calibration set. The best calibrations were obtained by the PLSR. The type of data pre-treatment (normalisation, 1$\^$st/ derivative, etc..) was chosen to optimize the calibration parameters. NIRS technique was able to predict with good accuracy the percentage of each vegetable protein added to milk powder (soy: R$^2$ 0.994, SEE 0.193, SEcv 0.301, RMSEPall 0.148; pea: R$^2$ 0.997, SEE 0.1498, SEcv 0.207, RMSEPall 0.148, wheat: R$^2$ 0.997, SEE 0.1418, SEcv 0.335, RMSEPall 0.149). Prediction results were compared to those obtained using other two techniques: capillary electrophoresis and competitive ELISA. On the basis of the known true values of non-vegetable protein contents, the NIRS was able to determine more accurately than the other two techniques the percentage of adulteration in the analysed samples.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2001

Milk can be regarded as a complete food, containing protein, fat, lactose, vitamins and minerals. Milk is heated for a variety of reasons. The main reasons are: to remove pathogenic organisms; to increase shelf-life. But, when milk is heated, many changes take place: denaturation of whey proteins and interaction with casein, Maillard browning, losses of vitamin and minerals. The addition of a additive and milk powder to flavor and taste may cause undesirable change of quality during heating milk. The reconstituted milk is the milk product resulting from the addition of water to the dried or condensed form in the amount necessary to re-establish the specified water solids ratio. Therefore, according to the increasement of consumption of processed milk, the necessity for study about the quality of processed milk mixed with reconstituted milk arose.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.392-400
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal amounts and mixing condition of skim milk powder (A), and roselle (B) for the production of yogurt prepared with roselle. The experiment was designed according to the central composite design for estimating the response surface method, which yielded ten experimental points, including two replicates for the skim milk powder and roselle. The physicochemical and mechanical analysis of each sample, including pH (P<0.001), titratable acidity (P<0.001), color (P<0.05), viscosity (P<0.001), showed significant differences. Antioxidant properties (total phenolic content, DPPH free radical scavenging activity) and viable cell counts of lactic acid were significantly different (P<0.05). The sensory measurements were significantly different in color, flavor, sourness, texture, and overall quality (P<0.05). The optimal formulation, calculated by numerical and graphical methods, was 7.82 g of skim milk powder and 2.09 g of roselle. From findings of this study, the roselle may be used in yogurt and can be applied for other food industries.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2003

단감분말을 첨가한 호상 발효유를 제조하기 위하여 탈지분유에 단감분말을 4% 및 7% 첨가하여 Lactobacillus acidophillus 균주를 접종하여 유산균의 생육에 미치는 영향과 관능적 특성 및 품질 특성을 검토하였다. 단감분말은 단백질 2.2%, 지질 30.5%, 탄수화물 56.6% 및 회분 2.5%를 함유하였다. 단감분말을 첨가하여 24시간 발효시킨 발효유의 유기산중 lactic acid 농도가 1.12%∼1.21%로 탈지분유만을 사용하여만든 발효유 1.05% 보다 높았다. 관능검사 결과에서는 단감분말을 첨가시킨 발효유보다는 탈지분유만을 사용한 발효유에서 선호도가 약간 높게 나왔다. 그러나, 발효유의 산 생성능으로 나타낸 pH는 각 발효유 사이에 큰 차이가 없었다. DPPH(a-a'-diphenyl-$\beta$-picrylhydratyl) 측정법에 의한 항산화 활성은 탈지분유 14%, 탈지분유 10%＋단감분말 4%, 탈지분유7%+단감분말 7%를 함유한 각각의 발효액에서 대조구로 사용한 시판 항산화제 BHT 0.005%보다 약간 높게 나왔다. 따라서 단감건조 분말을 이용한 식품 신소재 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고 단감첨가 발효유의 생리적 유용성을 활용할 수 있는 가능성이 있는 것으로 사료되었다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2019

Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus (radish) powder contains several bioactive com- pounds and is widely used in the food industry. In this study, we examined the sensory attributes (taste, color, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability) of commercially available milk, yoghurt, and kefir containing different concentrations of R. raphanistrum subsp. sativus powder. The organoleptic characteristics of commercially available milk, yoghurt, and kefir was significantly different with respect to taste, flavor, color, texture, and overall acceptability in the treated group (1%, 2%. 3%. and 4%) compared to the control (0%; p<0.05). In addition, the scores of taste, flavor, color, texture, and overall acceptability decreased in proportion to the increase in amount of radish-powder in commercially available milk, yoghurt, and kefir. When 1% R. raphanistrum subsp. sativus powder was added to commercially available milk, yoghurt, and kefir, they showed good results in organoleptic characteristics compared to the control group. Therefore, our results could be used as the basis for estimating changes in organoleptic characteristics on supplementation of various dairy products with R. raphanistrum subsp. sativus.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.254-260
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• 1995

Yogurt base were prepared from milk added with skim milk powder or Aloe vera powder and femented with lactic acid bacteria(the single or mixed strain of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus). The yogurt product were evaluated for acid production(pH, titratable acidity), number of viable cell, viscosity, sensory property and quality-keeping property. The composition of organic acid were also analyzed by HPLC. Addition of Aloe vera remarkably accelerated acid production, and titratable acidity of Aloe vera yogurts(1.293∼1.407%) after 24 hours incubation was higher than that of yogurts added with only skim milk powder(9.98∼1.110%). Yogurt fermented with the mixed strain of L. bulgaricus and Sc. thermophilus was more acidic than that of single strains. The propagation of lactic acid bacteria was stimulated by Aloe vera and the number of viable cell after 24 hours incubation were above 9.87log CFU/ml. Viscosity of Aloe vera yogurt(3,860∼4,300CPS) was higher than that of yogurt with only skim milk powder(2,402∼2,604CPS). The overall sensory score of Aloe vera yogurt femented by mixed strain was the best of tested yogurt. When yogurt with Aloe vera was kept at 5℃ for 15 day, it's quality-keeping property was relatively good. The major organic acid of Aloe vera yogurt was lactic acid and lactic acid content of yogurt increased by addition of Aloe vera powder. The citric acid content decreased wtih fermentation and malonic acid, pyroglutaric acid and α-ketoglutaric acid were analyzed out a little.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.53-57
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• 1997

Hokkaido, as center of Japanese dairying, 3.48 million tons of raw milk which was about 40% of total production in Japan were produced from 11,400 farms in 1996. The average herd size and the annual volume of milking per head in Hokkaido were 78 head, 7,200kg, and the quality of raw milk also is much better than that of other area in Japan. Raw milk having less than 100,000/ml in viable count and less than 300,000/ml of somatic cell count were 99.6%, 93% respectively. In spite of producing large amount of high quality milk, only 26% of total amount was processed as market milk and 76% was used for making dairy products like butter, cheese and milk powder. Therefore, because of big difference in price between the raw milk for market milk and for dairy products. the income of dairy farms are much less comparing to other parts of Japan, where most of the raw milk are consumed as market milk.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.546-554
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 난백분말 3% (w/v)와 포도당 2% (w/v)에 4종의 유제품 4% (w/v)를 각각 첨가하여 기질을 만들고 젖산균(Lactobacillus)으로 발효하여 호상의 요구르트를 만든 후, 첨가된 유제품이 젖산균의 생육과 산생성 및 요구르트의 품질(관능성, 휘발성 향기 성분)에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. L. acidophilus로 24시간 발효된 시료의 경우, 산도는 우유 시료(대조군)에 비하여 유제품 첨가 시료가 유의적으로 낮았으며(p<0.05), 유제품 첨가 시료 가운데는 카제인 시료의 산도가 가장 낮았다. 생균수는 우유 시료가 $2.0{\times}10^{9}/mL$인데 비하여 유제품 첨가 시료는 $5.0{\times}10^{8}{\sim}8.0{\times}10^{8}/mL$으로 현저하게 낮았다. L. acidophilus로 16.5시간 발효시켜 만든 호상요구르트의 관능성을 보면, 전반적인 기호도는 우유요구르트(표준시료)보다 유제품 첨가 시료가 저조하였으나 카제인 시료의 경우는 표준시료와 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으며(p<0.05), 유제품 첨가 시료 중에서는 유청 시료의 관능성이 가장 저조하였다. 본 실험에서 사용된 L. acidophilus (KCTC 2182)는 시료에 따라서 다소 차이가 있으나 발효 과정에 acetone, ethanol, diacetyl, acetoin을 생성하였다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.236-240
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• 2003

초유성분을 이용한 유제품의 개발시 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 IgG 강화우유의 살균온도에 따른 IgG 활성 잔존율과 초유관련 분말제품의 용해온도에 따른 IgG 활성 잔존율을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 원유, IgG 50 mg, 250 mg 강화한 우유는 살균처리 온도가 높을수록 활성 잔존율이 급격히 감소하였으며, LTLT 처리시 원유, 50 mg, 250 mg 강화우유의 활성 잔존율은 각각 79%, 30%, 21.6%였다. 그러나 9$0^{\circ}C$/15초 이상의 살균 처리시에는 IgG 활성이 거의 파괴되었다. 분말제품의 3$0^{\circ}C$, 4$0^{\circ}C$, 5$0^{\circ}C$, 6$0^{\circ}C$ 용해온도에 따른 IgG 활성 잔존율은 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.436-445
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• 2015

The effects of substituting whey protein concentrate (WPC) powder for rice flour in the preparation of seolgiddeok were determined by objective and subjective tests. Milk whey is drained from milk curd as a by-product of the cheese manufactureing process. Whey protein is known as a good nutritional source and is a functional material for many processed foods. WPC contains more than 80% whey protein. The moisture content decreased gradually during storage and the decrease in moisture was less in the control than in the WPC powder substituted groups. The color lightness (L) decreased significantly as the amount of WPC powder increased, wherease redness (a) and yellowness (b) both increased. Texture analyses revealed that the hardness, chewiness, gumminess and adhesiveness of seolgiddeok tended to increase in proportion to the amount of WPC powder in the formula. Seolgiddeok gelatinization was investigated by amylographing. Initial pasting temperature, peak viscosity, hot pasting viscosity and breakdown were low in seolgiddeok prepared with WPC powder substituted for rice flour. Setback had the lowest value in the control. Sensory evaluations revealed that, seolgiddeok prepared with 3% WPC powder had the highest overall acceptability score. These results indicated that WPC seolgiddeok with 3% WPC powder has the best quality.