• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제39권6호
• /
• pp.903-917
• /
• 2019

This study aimed to extend the shelf-life of coffee-containing milk beverage by adding Theobroma cacao (cacao nibs) extract. To prepare the beverage sample containing cacao nibs extract, 0.8% cacao nibs hydrothermal extract was aseptically injected. Qualitative changes in the beverage samples, including antioxidant effect, peroxide value (POV), caffeine content, and sensory parameters were monitored regularly during storage at 10℃, 20℃, and 30℃ for 4 wk. The inclusion of cacao nibs extract produced higher antioxidant activity compared to the control. As the storage temperature increased, the POV of all samples increased. Samples with cacao nibs extract generally displayed lower POV than the control. The caffeine content of all samples tended to decrease during storage, with the decrease accentuated by higher storage temperatures. In the shelf-life prediction using the Arrhenius model, the kinetic regressions of the cacao nibs extract-added sample and control were Y_POV=1.2212X-2.1141 (r²=0.9713) and Y_POV=1.8075X-2.0189 (r²=0.9883), respectively. Finally, the predicted shelf-life of cacao nibs-added group and control to reach the quality limit (20 meq/kg POV) were approximately 18.11 and 12.18 wk, respectively. The results collectively indicate that the addition of cacao nibs extract extends the shelf-life of the coffee-containing milk beverage and heightened the antioxidant effect.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제40권6호
• /
• pp.558-565
• /
• 2007

On the basis of the increasing interest for the selection of beverages, this study aimed to evaluate the contents of nutrients and health ${\cdot}$ functional elements in the beverages. Total 161 beverages that bear nutrition lable (NL) as nutrition table and health ${\cdot}$ functional elements information were collected and classified to 8 groups. The evaluated nutrients that are obligatory for NL in Korea were total calorie, carbohydrate, protein, fat, and sodium. Presented values showed that milk & yogurt and soy milk are the most wholesome beverages while the total caloric contents also were higher among 8 groups. Sodium contents in soy milk were higher than any other groups. The caloric contents of other beverage groups come mainly from carbohydrate presumably simple sugar. The caloric content of sports drinks is the lowest but the sodium content is variable among products showing the range of 0 - 100 mg/100 ml. Nonobligatory nutrients for NL frequently expressed are Ca, Fe, vitamin C, folate, and dietary fiber. Their content per serving size does not exceed the tolerable upper intake level, however, habitual multiple intakes of certain product require attention for the prevention of overintakes. Many health ${\cdot}$ functional elements as catechin, carnitine, polyphenol, and nucleic acids etc were listed in NL without presenting the content and their functions appear to be exaggerated compared to the known scientific evidence.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제41권6호
• /
• pp.530-538
• /
• 2008

초등학생들의 음료수 섭취실태를 살펴보고 우유 및 가당 음료수섭취가 아동들의 영양소섭취와 비만도에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 경남의 초등학생 160명을 대상으로 2006년 6월부터 7월까지 신체계측을 실시하고, 정량적 빈도법을 이용하여 음료수섭취량을 조사하였다. 또 24시간 회상법을 사용하여 비연속적으로 3일간의 영양소섭취량을 조사하였다. 조사대상 아동들의 음료수의 총 섭취빈도는 1개월에 93.5회로 하루 평균 3.1회 정도였다. 음료수 중, 우유섭취빈도가 가장 높았는데 1개월에 36회로 하루 평균 1회 이상 우유를 섭취하였으며 다음으로 주스, 발효유, 탄산음료의 순이었다. 또 총 음료수 섭취량은 하루 평균 626.6 mL였고, 이 중 우유를 가장 많이 섭취하였고(253.8 mL), 다음으로 주스(133.6 mL), 탄산음료(77.7 mL)의 순이었다. 또 우유와 두유를 제외한 가당 음료수 섭취량은 359.7 mL였다. 전체 음료수 섭취열량은 328.5 kcal로, 하루 섭취열량의 20.3%였으며, 우유 및 두유로부터 섭취한 열량은 하루 섭취열량의 9.8%였고, 가당 음료는 10.5%였다. 남녀 아동별로 비교해 보았을 때 가당 음료로부터 얻는 열량의 비율이 여자가 13.5%, 남자가 7.7%로 여자가 남자에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 가당 음료수를 섭취하는 빈도와 이로 부터 얻는 열량이 높을수록 단백질, 비타민 A, 나이아신의 섭취량이 낮아서 아동들의 식사의 질이 낮았을 가능성이 있었다. 그러나 우유 및 두유 섭취빈도는 아동들의 영양섭취와 상관이 없었다. 우유 및 두유 섭취빈도가 높을 수록 키는 컸고, 체지방비와 WHR은 낮았으며 우유 및 두유섭취량이 많을수록, 체지방비와 WHR은 낮았다. 또 우유 및 두유로 부터의 섭취열량이 많을수록 WHR은 낮았지만, 가당 음료수 섭취는 신체계측치와 상관이 없었다. 결론적으로 초등학생들의 경우 우유 및 두유 섭취빈도는 아동들의 영양소섭취와 상관이 없었고, 우유 및 두유섭취량이 많을수록 체지방비와 WKR은 낮았다. 반면에 가당 음료수 섭취가 영양적인 측면에서 식사의 질을 저하시킬 가능성은 있었지만, 아동의 비만도와는 관련이 없었다.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.785-795
• /
• 2018

Objectives: This study aimed to: 1) investigate the beverage consumption pattern among Korean adults, and 2) analyze the relationship between the frequency of beverage consumption and oral health status. Methods: We used data from the 6th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A general linear model was employed to assess the associations between demographic factors and frequency of beverage consumption; and oral health status and the frequency of beverage consumption. Results: The beverage with the highest frequency of intake was coffee (11.5 times per week). More frequent consumptions of fruit juices and carbonated drinks were associated with higher numbers of decayed teeth. Conclusions: To improve oral health, frequent intake of acidic and sweetened beverages should be reduced, and the consumption of milk should be encouraged.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.171-178
• /
• 1981

우유(牛乳)를 이용(利用)한 Alcohol발효음료(醱酵飮料)의 적절한 제조법(製造法)을 시험(試驗)하기 위하여 유산균(乳酸菌) 및 효모류(酵母類)를 우유(牛乳)에 접종(接種)하고 각종당류(各種糖類)의 첨가량(添加量)에 따른 조성분(組成分)의 변화(變化)와 Alcohol 생산성(生産性) 등(等)을 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 5종(種)의 유산균류(乳酸菌類)를 탈지유배지(脫脂乳培地)에 24시간(時間) 배양(培養)하여 산생성도(酸生成度) 및 Amino태(態) 질소함량(窒素含量)의 변화(變化) 상태(狀態)를 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果) Str. lactis가 0.83%로서 가장 적합한 산도(酸度)를 나타내었으며 Amino태질소(態窒素) 함량(含量)은 0.2mg/ml 범위(範圍)로서 큰 변화(變化)가 없었다. 2. 탈지유(脫脂乳)에 Glucose, Lactose 및 Sucrose를 5% 첨가(添加)하고 Str. lactis 및 Cruyveromyces fragilis를 접종(接種)한 결과 산도(酸度) 및 Amino태질소(態窒素) 함량(含量)은 큰 변화(變化)가 없었고 Alcohol 생산성(生産性)은 2.5%로부터 3.58%로 증가(增加)되었다. 3. Cruyveromyces fragilis 및 Saccharo-myces cerevisiae 산모(酸母)를 5~15%의 Sucrose첨가탈지유배지(添加脫脂乳培地)에 접종배양(接種培養)한 결과(結果) Sucrose 첨가(添加)에 따른 산도(酸度) 및 Amino태질소(態窒素)의 함량(含量)은 변동(變動)이 적었고 Alcohol생산성(生産性)에 있어서는 Cruyveromyces fragilis가 2.12%로부터 8.15%로, Saccharo-myces cerevisiae는 0%로 부터7.45%로 증가(增加)되었다. 4. Sucrose를 첨가(添加)한 탈지유(脫脂乳)에 Cruyveromyces fragilis 및 Saccharomyces cerevisi를 접종(接種)하여 Alcohol발효유음료(醱酵乳飮料)를 제조(製造)하고 관능시험(官能試驗)을 실시한 결과 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 접종제품(接種製品)에 비(比)하여 Alcohol함량(含量)이 높은 Cruyveromyces fragilis 접종(接種) 제품(製品)이 우수(優秀)하였다. 5. Str. lactis 및 Cruyveromyces fragilis를 탈지유(脫脂乳)에 접종(接種)하여 Alcohol발효(醱酵)를 실시한 결과 수분(水分), 조단백질(粗蛋白質), 회분(灰分) 및 Alcohol 성분등(成分等)이 Koumis와 유사한 발효유음료(醱酵乳飮料)를 제조(製造)할 수 있었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.305-312
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to establish the shelf-life of a milk beverage product supplemented with coffee extracts. Qualitative changes including peroxide value (PV), microorganism content, caffeine content, and sensory evaluation were measured periodically in beverages kept at 10, 20, and $30^{\circ}C$ for 8 wk. Lipid oxidation of the product was measured by peroxide value analysis, and apparent changes were observed during a 4 wk storage period. Caffeine analysis revealed that the changes in caffeine content were negligible during the storage period. Total aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli, yeast, and mold were not detected in the products during an 8 wk storage period. Sensory evaluation revealed that after 4 wk of storage overall acceptance was less than 3 points on a 5-point scale. In this study, PV was used as an indicator of the shelf-life of the milk beverage product. PV analysis revealed that a value of 20 meq/kg was the end of the shelf-life using the Arrhenius equation and the accelerated shelf-life test (ASLT). Assuming that the beverages are kept at $4^{\circ}C$ during distribution, calculation of when the PV reached the quality limit point (20 meq/kg) was done with the equation ln(PV) = 0.3644X - 2.21834 and, using that equation, $PV=e^{0.3644X-2.21834}$ was calculated. Therefore, 14.3086 wk was determined to be the shelf-life of the milk beverage supplemented with coffee when stored at $4^{\circ}C$.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.118-123
• /
• 1986

농축대두단백으로 두유를 만들고 여기서 Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. bulgaricus, L. casci, Streptococcus lactis or S. cremoris를 각각 접종하여 젖산균의 생육과 산생성을조사하고 커드상의 대두요구르트로부터 액상(液狀)의 젖산균음료를 제조하여 관능검사를 실시한 후에 두유와 대두 요구르트에 들어 있는 몇가지 휘발성분을 측정하였다. 생육 실험의 결과를 보면 두유에 접종된 5종의 젖산균가운데 산생성은 대체적으로 L. bulgaricus가 가장 높았고 다음은 L. casci, L. acidophilus, S. lactis, S. cremoris의 순이었다. 관능검사의 결과를 보면 대두젖산균음료의 향미(香味)는 우유젖산균음료의 향미(香味)보다 떨어졌으며, 대두젖산균음료 중에는 산생성도가 가장 높은 L. bulgaricus로 만든 젖산균음료의 향미(香味)가 가장 우수하였고 산생성도가 가장 낮은 S. lactis로 만든 젖산균음료의 향미(香味)가 가장 저조하였다. 두유와 대두젖산균음료의 향미(香味)를 비교할 때 대두젖산균음료의 향미(香味)가 훨씬 우수하였으며, 젖산균발효에 의하여 두유에 들어 있는 n-hexanal은 크게 감소하였고 diacetyl이 새로이 생성되었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.87-97
• /
• 2017

This study aimed at optimizing the manufacturing conditions of a milk beverage supplemented with coffee, and monitoring its physicochemical and sensory properties during storage. Raw milk, skim milk powder, coffee extract, and emulsifiers were used to manufacture the beverage. Two sucrose fatty acid esters, F110 and F160, were identified as suitable emulsifiers. The optimum conditions for the beverage manufacture, which can satisfy two conditions at the same time, determined by response surface methodology (RSM), were 5,000 rpm primary homogenization speed and 0.207% sucrose fatty acid emulsifier addition. The particle size and zeta-potential of the beverage under the optimum condition were 190.1 nm and $-25.94{\pm}0.06mV$, respectively. In comparison study between F110 added group (GF110) and F160 added group (GF160) during storage, all samples maintained its pH around 6.6 to 6.7, and there was no significant difference (p<0.05). In addition, GF110 showed significantly higher zeta-potential than GF160 (p<0.05). The particle size of GF110 and GF160 were approximately 190.1 and 223.1 nm, respectively at initial. However, size distribution of the GF160 tended to increase during storage. Moreover, increase of the particle size in GF160 was observed in microphotographs of it during storage. The $L^*$ values gradually decreased within all groups, whereas the $a^*$ and $b^*$ values did not show significant variations (p<0.05). Compared with GF160, bitterness, floating cream, and rancid flavor were more pronounced in the GF110. Based on the result obtained from the present study, it appears that the sucrose fatty acid ester F110 is more suitable emulsifier when it comes to manufacturing this beverage than the F160, and also contributes to extending product shelf-life.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.281-288
• /
• 1987

In this study we have evaluated daily beverage intake of the inhabitants in Seoul by a 24 hrs. recall procedure from 1145 respondents between pre-school children to adults in the period of June-July 1985. Estimates of consumption were made for each of seven beverage groups and comparisons were made within age, sex and body weight. Significant differences existed for certain beverage in each category analyzed. Total Fluid intake was greater for male than female at all ages and tended to be lower in the older age group with adjustment for differences in body weight. Milk was the major beverage among children while soft drinks were the predominant beverage for teen-ages. Alcoholic drinks represented the smallest component of daily fluid intake among women but were the second largest component of daily fluid levels for men over the age of 24 years.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제43권5호
• /
• pp.475-488
• /
• 2010

The daily caffeine intake from elementary school children's favorite foods was surveyed and evaluated. Children may respond to caffeine differently from adults because they have different physiological makeup and are functionally immature. Therefore, caffeine exposure may have more serious consequences for children than for adults, irrespective of sensitivity. Their preference, perception, and intake of caffeine from children's favorite foods were investigated by questionnaire for 355 children. The order of children's preference over foods containing caffeine was ice cream and ices, confectionary, milk and milk products, and soft beverage. The daily caffeine intake of children was estimated to range from 0.16 to 917.28 mg/day, with an average of $36.04\;{\pm}\;82.7$ mg/day and $36.9\;{\pm}\;96.0$ mg/day for boys and girls, respectively. The daily caffeine intake according to body weight was $1.08\;{\pm}\;2.23$ mg/kg and $1.12\;{\pm}\;2.66$ mg/kg for boys and girls, respectively. The percentage of acceptable daily intake (ADI) of caffeine was 43.4% for boys and 44.9% for girls. The sources of caffeine for boys and girls were soft beverage (18.3 mg and 16.1 mg), milk and milk products (8.9 mg and 8.5 mg), ice cream and ices (5.7 mg and 7.3 mg), chocolate (1.6 mg and 3.2 mg), and confectionery (1.6 mg and 1.8 mg).