• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.349-357
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• 2016

As a solemn and serious uniform, military uniform can be differentiated easily from any other clothing in the aspects of color, material and style. Inspired by military uniform, fashion designers have been applying military uniform elements into modern fashion design in recent years, which helps to bring military uniform from the trench onto international fashion runway. The primary method of this research is theory analysis method and exampling study method. Based on the collected materials of modern military uniform, this paper takes the fashion and cultural study theory of the famous American scholar Susan B. Kaiser as the leading theory to analyze four subject positions embodied in military uniform, including nation, rank, gender and time and space. By analyzing the subject positions embodied in military uniform, it shows the rich cultural connotation of military uniform and the function of various small details. Meanwhile, by giving specific examples, this paper explores the influences of military uniform on modern fashion design in respect to color, style, material, pattern and accessory. Through the conduct of this research, it comes to the conclusion that military uniform also has the characteristics and properties described in the fashion and cultural theory of Susan B. Kaiser, in addition, designers can be inspired by every specific object around them, which shows the talents of designers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.9 s.109
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• pp.143-156
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze changes in military uniform design according to the type of war in history and to suggest factors to be considered when designing military uniforms. Military uniform in this study has been limited to uniforms of land active soldiers and not only includes battle dress but also bombproof helmets, combat boots and webbing systems. Western military uniform was investigated starting from World War I focusing on the United States, United Kingdom, Germany and the Soviet Union, and Korean military uniform was analyzed starting from the Korean Day of Independence. Historical research, case studies and in-depth interviews were included in the study. World War I was a trench war. Khaki colors began to be used in battle dress, and steel helmets and gas masks were invented. World War II was a full-stale war. Many kinds of uniform were designed with various environments and roles of soldiers in mind, and camouflage was adopted in military uniform. Modern wars were wars of technique. Strong protectors were invented and diverse camouflages were adopted as rifles became increasingly accurate and biochemical weapons started to be used. Korea referred largely to the uniforms of the United States because it lacked both information on war and the financial power to invest in development of military uniforms. Finally, this study presents 5 factors to be considered when designing military uniforms: protection, camouflage, mobile and utility convenience, compatibility and symbolism. Wars of the future are predicted to be information wars utilizing realtime information collected through computers. Therefore new military uniforms with computers, communication devices and strong protective capacities need to be developed. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for designing military uniforms of the future.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Costume Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.34-34
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• 2003

This report is a study of designs embroidered in rank badges of military and civil officials' uniform in old China. Rank badges, or Bo(補) in Chinese, which are attached to officials' uniform, are embroidered designs on the breast and the back for people to easily discern between military and civil officials as well as between higher ranking and lower ranking officials. Bo(補) was used for various social stratum including king, queen, king's brothers, prince, and princess. This study, however, is focused on design of Bo(補) attached to the uniform of military and civil officials. This study first started with the origin of Bo(補) design, woven symbols in patches on the breast and the back of Gibsa(集史)'s uniform during the Yuan(元) dynasty. Lastly, this study reviewed and analyzed design of Bo(補) for military and civil officials during the Ming(明) and Qing(淸) dynasties.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.97-113
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• 2019

Among the many factors affecting fashion trends, the concept of war has been particularly instrumental throughout human history. Specifically, military uniforms worn during the WWI and WWII became popular fashion styles that introduced military uniforms to modern fashion and continue to be influential to this day. And the fashion accessories market is continuously demanding new styles. The purpose of this study is to investigate the reasons why military uniforms have been continued to be influential in contemporary fashion, to apply fashionable features of military uniforms, and to make leather accessories by using leather-carving techniques. The characteristics of military uniforms were analyzed in advance research, domestic and international literature, and cases applied in modrern fashion collection. In conclusion, five modern fashion accessories were developed by combining the form, function, and decorative elements of the military uniform that have been constantly reflected in modern fashion with leather handcraft carving techniques. This study is meant to suggest the possibility of developing artistic and original fashion accessories that are both practical and reflect the history of military uniforms.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.85-95
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• 2022

This study aimed to clarify relationships between the westernization of military uniform systems and changes in the textile import industry during the Eulmi reforms of clothing regulation. For the goal, the study investigated the content and features of that had been enacted under the Eulmi reforms. It also examined the status of the textile import industry at the time, especially in relation to outer garments such as jackets or Eui, trousers or Go, and overcoats. Moreover, this study inspected how the above westernization changed the textile import industry. More specifically, the research analyzed the content of based on articles from the then state newsletter or 『Gwanbo』, and the then cabinet meeting or Euijeongbu's proceedings or 『Euiju』. Concerning the textile import industry, this study looked into relevant descriptions and trade statistics from 『KOPEИ(Hankukji)』, and analyzed changes in that industry in connection with the introduction of Western military uniform systems. As a result, this study found that increased imports of cotton fabrics during the Eulmi reforms of clothing regulation was correlated with surging demand for shirt or lining materials and increase in the use of Myeonyung following military uniform westernization. Similarly, an increase in silk fabric imports was an outcome of increased demand for lining materials. Also, the import growth of woolen fabrics was seemingly attributed to the use of Heuknasa and Heukyung as basic materials of military uniforms. Thus, military uniforms began to be made of fabrics, which hadn't been used before in the wake of westernization. This development brought changes in the textile import industry, which is supported by textile import statistics of the time. In conclusion, the westernization of military uniform systems under the Eulmi reforms of clothing regulation was a significant factor that changed the industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.684-695
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• 2023

The Korean Volunteer Corps (KVC) and the Korean Independence Army (KIA) were Korea's main armed forces that led the independence movement against Japan. KVC members were partly merged into the KIA as the army's first branch in 1942. This study examines two different styles of KVC military uniforms: one that complies with the Uniforms Act of the Army of the Chinese Nationalist government and one that uses the same style without a field cap and a belt. The KIA's first branch had three different uniforms: one similar to that of the KVC, one belonging to the KIA and following the Army Uniform Protocol, and one influenced by the U.S. Army. The KVC and the KIA's first branches had insignias representing their identity. The former wore a distinctive insignia with the corps' name, whereas the latter had a cap badge with Korean national symbols under the Army Insignia Protocol. KVC members who may have initially worn their previous uniform in the early days of joining the KIA later adopted the KIA style. This study is expected to offer basic resources to reproduce KVC and KIA military uniforms and verify the authenticity of related artifacts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.5
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• pp.66-81
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• 2016

This study is designed to understand the problems of existing Korean male soldiers' winter uniform tops by researching its current state, and contribute to developing uniforms with improved size and motion appropriateness. Military bases were visited to research satisfaction of size and motion appropriateness of the current winter uniform tops. 193 soldiers were surveyed and interviewed, and the shape and fit of the standard sizes of the inner and outer layers of the current winter uniform were analyzed. Findings of this study are as follows. 1) Compared to the new combat uniforms that soldiers were wearing in their appropriate size (of the 44 sizes), there were many cases where the soldiers were not wearing winter uniform inner (of the 8 sizes) or outer (of the 18 sizes) layers in the correct size for their body. 2) A total of 37 combat uniform sizes appropriate for the body shapes were expected to be newly applied, and inside and outside layers of winter tops would be presented as sets of 14 different sizes in step with the new combat uniform sizes, instead of the existing 8 inside layer sizes and 18 outside layer sizes. 3) The inner and outer layer of the existing winter uniform tops had several problems with the shape and fit. First, the inner layer was shorter than the combat uniform. Its shoulder width was wide, but the sleeve length was short creating lack of coverage, and the angle connecting the sleeve and bodice was very small creating a high sleeve cap curve and narrow sleeve width that make motions difficult and cause discomfort. As for the outer layer, the hem moved up when soldiers bent over or adjusted the waist string so the top could not sufficiently cover, the shoulder width was wide and the sleeve length was short, requiring improvements.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.776-788
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• 2019

This study developed an ergonomic Korean female military winter jacket and (inner and outer) pattern in in order to increase dimension and operational suitability for military missions. First we developed the 1st development pattern and sample jackets with improved dimensions and operational suitability based on a previous investigation of fitness and motion suitability of Korean female military winter jackets (inner and outer) and motion suitability by a wearing test. The evaluation result of fitness for the 1st development pattern were over 4.0 (5.0 Likert scale) for both the inner and outer jacket, a positive result and the result of motion suitability were over 3.5 in both the inner and outer jacket except for the neck front part by collar height. However, we did not modify the collar height because decreases in warmth and military regulations. We also evaluated appearance by experts that showed good results in both the inner and outer jacket. Finally, we developed a final pattern based on evaluation results and military regulations. Existing military uniform research was conducted mainly on male soldiers. Beginning with this study, we expect to expand research on the development of military uniform patterns suitable for a female soldier body type.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.244-249
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• 2000

Thermal gradient chemical vapor infiltration (TG-CVI) process, which is one of the CVI techniques to densify a porous fiber preform, requires for a heater to have uniform surface temperature distribution. Thus, it is essential to design the shape of the heater and to predict the temperature distribution when the heater has a profile which is not a simple cylinder. In this study, an analytical method has been used to design the inner profile of a conical heater showing uniform temperature distribution, if its outer shape is specified. Temperature distribution on the heater surface has been calculated with the finite difference method and compared with the experimental results. When a heater had a combined profile with a large cone and a small cylinder, temperature was higher in the cylindrical part. To reduce the temperature difference between these areas, a hole-machining method has been proposed including other possible ones. A shape design and optimization program has been made to improve the temperature uniformity of the TG-CVI heater better than that designed with the analytical method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1004-1016
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• 2021

This study aims to derive the design requirements for functional clothing worn with military wearable robots using a survey of people with military experience. Specifically, 982 adult males with military and muscular exercise experience were surveyed for their demands for the clothing worn with wearable robots during military activities. The study showed that it is necessary to develop functional clothing worn inside robots suitable for frequent movements of soldiers to improve their comfort level of wearable robots. The surveyed soldiers indicated that they preferred the top and bottom clothing with high-pressure levels because the upper body felt fatigued during transportation, while both the upper and lower body got exhausted during marches. The survey of design requirements revealed that the participants preferred a top with long sleeves and a bottom with ankle-length leggings in color similar to current military uniforms. We conclude that it is important to design functional clothing worn inside wearable robots in different forms depending on frequent movements, e.g., with differentiated pressures and material placements.