• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.44-58
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• 2001

This study aims to establish new architectural agenda for the existing middle school facilities responding to individualized interactive learning approach(IILA). First, it investigates the mechanism of new teaching methods and contents proposed in the national level curriculum and the province guidances. Secondly, it suggests the Quality and Quantity of new (multi-purpose) classrooms that should be built for operating new curriculum in the existing middle schools. Finally, it finally emphasizes the educational specification that should be prepared prior to planning school buildings.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.123-142
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the level of recognition, information acquisition behavior, level of knowledge, level of behaviors to decrease exposure, and education need towards endocrine disruptors of middle and high school students. The data were collected from 180 middle and high school students in Seoul, Incheon, Daejeon, Daegu, Busan and Gwangju. Frequencies, Cronbach's alpha, t tests, analysis of variance, Duncan's multiple range tests, and chi-square tests were carried out by SPSS WINDOWS Version 14.0. The results of this study were as follows. The level of concerns about endocrine disruptors was somewhat low. Many respondents obtained information about endocrine disruptors from TV/radio and school, and wanted to get the information from school and TV/radio. Both the level of knowledge and the level of behaviors to decrease exposure were not particularly high. In addition, they showed high level of education need for endocrine disruptors.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine dietary attitudes of students and changes in their attitudes toward the school lunch service. The participants of the study were 483 students ranging from third grade elementary school students to middle school sophomores living in the Seoguipo area of Jeju Island. The subjects were asked to complete questionnaires under the supervision of their teachers or dietitians, and data were grouped into elementary school 3rd and 4th grades, elementary school 5th and 6th grades; and middle school 1st and 2nd grades for each gender. There were no significant differences among the groups with respect to their regularity of food intake, dietary considerations, or the frequency of imbalance in their diets. In the case of female participants, their frequency of snacking decreased as their grade level increased. In general, the overall changes in dietary attitudes became more negative as their grade level increased. Male students demanded increased serving sizes of both staple food and side dishes, while female students demanded increased serving sizes dishes, but not staple food as their grade levels increased. there was also an increase in the number of student sin higher grades who discarded or did not eat enough their entire meals. The major reasons for not eating the food were : no taste to the food and not proper saltiness of food. These results may suggest that school dietitians need to pay more attention to increased taste and proper seasoning of meals. Students suggested that the school lunch service should be continued, but that it needs improvement. Students in higher grades were more aware of the importance of the environment in which the meal was provided. Also, an early education in nutrition and healthy diets seemed important in preparing them for following a healthy lifestyle in later life.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.99-106
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• 2015

This study aims to examine the effects of academic procrastination in middle school students on their academic achievement. It also analyzed the influences of stress level recognized by middle school students on their academic achievement. First, it examined theoretical and preceding studies and assumed that sub-factors of academic procrastination in middle school students such as behavioral, cognitive and emotional factors affected their academic achievement. It was assumed that the middle school students' stress had the direct mediating effects on their academic achievement. As a result of the research, it was found that sub-factors of academic procrastination in middle school students such as behavioral, cognitive and emotional factors had partially direct influence on their stress and academic achievement. It was shown that the analysis of mediating effects from middle school students' stress had no influence on the academic achievement. This study presented policy suggestions of academic achievement in middle school students as an alternative based on the research results.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.236-241
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the elementary and middle school students' understanding of observation, prediction, and hypothesis in everyday and science educational contexts. The questionnaires for testing understanding of three categories were developed, which obtained Cronbach alpha .91. It was consisted of 40 questions of 10 items related to observation, prediction, and hypothesis. Thy test was administrated to 868 subjects from grade 3 to grade 9. The results showed that the each level of their understanding of observation, prediction, and hypothesis ranged between $29{\~}58\%$, $43{\~}53\%$, and $10{\~}25\%$. The level of understanding of observation and prediction showed tendency to promote increasingly from grade 3 to grade 9, but the level of hypothesis did not.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.94-109
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to explore dietary attitude among middle school students by sex. The subjects were collected from 211 boy students and 198 girl students in the city of Kunsan, Jeonbuk province. The mean age of the subjects was 13.7 years old. The average score of food habit was 4.61 $\pm$ 1.92. The average score of food habit of boy students was higher than the score of girl students. The correlations between the score of food habit and father's education level. family income, and nutritional supplements were positive. The correlation between the scores of the nutrition knowledge and father's education level was also positive. On the other hand the mother's occupation did not have any influence on the scores of food habits and the scores of the nutrition knowledge. As a staple food, cooked rice was preferred on boy and girl students at breakfast(82.7%) and supper(94.3%). The preference of snacks was fruit and fruit juice. The reason of skipping breakfast was the lack of time and no appetite, and skipping lunch was due to no appetite. Lastly the main reason of skipping supper was playing computer on boys. on the other hand no appetite and weight control on girls. In order to improve the nutritional status of the middle school students, they must establish good food habits by eating three regular meals per day and balancing their diet. Also they should be notified that severe weight control is very harmful for health. This study indicate that nutrition education and correct information for body image. balanced diet. regularity of meals and food selection are required for middle school students at both school and home.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.47-58
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• 2004

This study is designed to provide some basic materials for finding better ways to promote student-parent communication in order to elevate the sense of self-esteem among middle school students and to talk about the importance of communication between students and parents through looking at the current student-parent communication reality resulting from socio-demographic changes among male and female middle school students and analyzing some influences student-parent communication has on students' self-esteem. To attain the aforementioned purpose, total 650 2nd grade and 3rd grade middle school students were asked to fill out the questionnaire. The schools that they are attending are 2 schools in Gwangju City and 2 schools in a township in Jeonnam. 617 students responded to the survey. In order to see the general characteristics and the distribution of major variables of the respondents, the data were used to produce frequency. percentile, standard deviation and correlation quotient. and t-test. one-way Anova, Duncan's multiple range test and multiple regression analysis techniques were put to use. The results from this study are as follows: student groups that have good relations with other students seemed to be more open and active in their communication with their mother and father. Female students and students in their 2nd grade had more open talking relations with their mothers than male students and students in their 3rd grade. Students had more open talking relations with their father when father's occupation is office worker. In the difference of self-esteem that results from variables in communication between students and parents, a significant variance was presented in the level of the self-esteem of middle school students. When they had open communication with both parents, they had a high sense of self-esteem. and when their communication style was problematic, they had a low sense of self-esteem. When they had better relations with other students, when they had more open communication styles with their mother, when they had better school records, when they felt more satisfaction with communication With their father, they showed a higher level of self-esteem.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1015-1023
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the process of development of explanatory hypothesis being generated by middle school students and the factors that affect the process in water wave interference phenomena by analogy scaffolding. For this purpose, the processes on how explanatory hypotheses were generated, revised, and then elaborated by analogy scaffolding were investigated and analyzed. The subjects for the study were 60 eighth grades students in one middle school divided into 12 groups according to their cognitive level measured by GALT. The research findings are as follows: First, it was found that there is a regular pattern in development of explanatory hypothesis by students about water wave phenomenon; second, the cognitive level of the student affected apparently on the students' hypothesis development process, however, it was also observed that students with inferior cognitive level could form a scientific explanatory hypothesis in the second stage of the scaffolding; third, the analogy scaffolding actually helped the students in formulating hypothesis. In conclusion, analogical reasoning can be a meaningful and powerful strategy for secondary school students to formulate explanatory hypothesis.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.217-235
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to identify the perceptual learning style preferences of 97 Korean EFL students in middle school. Furthermore, it examined if students' learning styles varied in terms of gender and grade level. Data was collected by using Reid's (1987) PLSPQ and a personal background questionnaire and was analyzed by using descriptive statistics, MANOVA, ANOVA, and t-test. The results revealed that subjects had all six major learning styles but among them, auditory, group, and visual styles were the most preferred by them. The results found in this study, presented that Korean EFL middle school students favored learning English through listening, reading and working in groups and that younger students preferred learning through physical involvement and practicum. The findings of this study provide a number of useful insights for EFL and ESL educators and instructors in Korea. The current study suggests that a great number of variables such as culture, learning situation of the target country, age, and grade level can all play important roles in shaping the learning preferences and the learning styles of students. Considering these variables and promoting a curriculum that is interesting, appealing and successful may help maximize student L2 learning.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.235-259
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• 2007

The purpose of the present study is to develop a prototype automated scoring system for English writing. The system was developed for scoring writings of Korean middle school students. In order to develop the automated scoring system, following procedures have been applied. First, review and analysis of established automated essay scoring systems in other countries have been accomplished. By doing so, we could get the guidance for development of a new sentence-level automated scoring system for Korean EFL students. Second, knowledge base such as lexicon, grammar and WordNet for natural language processing and error corpus of English writing of Korean middle school students were established. Error corpus was established through the paper and pencil test with 589 third year middle school students. This study provided suggestions for the successful introduction of an automated scoring system in Korea. The automated scoring system developed in this study should be continuously upgraded to improve the accuracy of the scoring system. Also, it is suggested to develop an automated scoring system being able to carry out evaluation of English essay, not only sentence-level evaluation. The system needs to be upgraded for the improved precision, but, it was a successful introduction of an sentence-level automated scoring system for English writing in Korea.