• 아동학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.169-184
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parental forgiveness and parent-child communication on school-age children's forgiveness in late childhood. Methods: A total of 231 fifth and sixth graders (122 boys and 109 girls) living in Daegu participated in the study. They responded to questionnaires regarding parental forgiveness, parent-child communication and children's forgiveness. The data were analyzed by t-tests, Pearson's correlations, and SEM using SPSS 18.0 and LISREL 9.1. Results: First, paternal forgiveness had a direct effect on children's forgiveness. Second, parental forgiveness had an indirect effect on children's forgiveness through parent-child communication. Finally, multigroup analyses revealed that paternal forgiveness had a direct effect and an indirect effect through father-child communication on boys' forgiveness, whereas maternal forgiveness had an indirect effect on girls' forgiveness through mother-child communication. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the gender of parents and children needs to be considered to explain school-age children's forgiveness. In addition, these findings have implications for future research and practice by highlighting the importance of parental forgiveness and parent-child communication in forgiveness education programs for children and parent education programs.

• 한국심리학회지:학교
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 후기 아동기 학교적응 변화에 대한 부모 방임과 학대 경향성의 동시 및 지연효과를 확인하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 한국청소년정책연구원에서 수행한 한국아동·청소년패널조사(KYCPS)의 초1 패널 자료 중 4차년도에서 7차년도(초등학교 4학년에서 중학교 1학년)까지의 종단자료를 활용하였다. 후기 아동기 학교적응 변화에 대한 부모 방임과 학대 경향성의 동시 및 지연효과를 확인하기 위한 분석방법으로는 잠재성장모형(Latent Growth Model: LGM)을 적용하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학교적응의 수준은 점차 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 방임과 학대는 학교적응에 대한 동시효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 방임은 학교적응에 대한 지연효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으나 학대의 경우 지연효과가 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 위의 결과를 토대로 후속 연구에서 고려할 사항을 제안하였으며, 추후 방임과 학대를 경험하는 후기 아동의 학교적응을 이해하고 효과적으로 도울 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.271-279
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• 2023

Purpose: Adolescent self-harm is a public health problem. Research suggests a link between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and self-destructive behaviors. Few studies, however, have examined the effects of ACEs on self-harm among Asian adolescents. This study explored the association between lifetime ACEs and a history of self-harm among Korean children and adolescents in elementary, middle, and high schools. Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective medical record review was conducted on a dataset of a national psychiatrist advisory service for school counselors who participated in the Wee Doctor Service from January 1 to December 31, 2020. The data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression to predict self-harm. Results: Student cases (n=171) were referred to psychiatrists by school counselors for remote consultation. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that the odds of self-harm were higher among high school students (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=4.97; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.94-12.76), those with two or more ACEs (aOR=3.27; 95% CI=1.43-7.47), and those with depression (aOR=3.06; 95% CI=1.32-7.10). Conclusion: The study's findings provide compelling evidence that exposure to ACEs can increase vulnerability to self-harm among Korean students. Students with a history of ACEs and depression, as well as high school students, require increased attention during counseling. School counselors can benefit from incorporating screening assessment tools that include questions related to ACEs and depression. Establishing a systematic referral system to connect students with experts can enhance the likelihood of identifying self-harm tendencies and offering the essential support to prevent self-harm.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.717-725
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• 2003

Purpose: In an attempt to measure the changes in gender-egalitarianism after sexuality education based on the gender-egalitarianism in middle school students, this study was carried out. Methods: The subjects were 137 students (67 boys and 70 girls) in 4 classes that were randomized from among 8 classes of first graders in a coeducational middle school, in Seoul. By the school nurse with the assistance of an advisory committee on sex education by the MOE, sexuality education was implemented based on gender-egalitarianism. The content was presented over 18 hours during 16 weeks, from September, 2001 to December, 2001. For the pre and post check on gender-egalitarianism, a Gender Egalitarianism Scale modified by the researcher was used. Results: After the sexuality education based on the gender-egalitarianism, there was a significant elevation in gender-egalitarianism(t=4.378, p=0.000). There were no significant differences in the mean changes in gender-egalitarianism according to religion, economy level, educational level of parents, and openness of parents. And little experiences in adult video, no experience in masturbation, and being without the opposite sex were related to significant elevations in gender-egalitarianism. The case of the having the positive sexual attitudes showed a significant elevation in gender-egalitarianism as compared with the case of having negative sexual attitudes. Conclusions: Based on these results, sexuality education based on gender-egalitarianism for youth was effective in elevating gender-egalitarianism scores. Because the case of the wide experiences with sexual behaviors showed a tendency to make low gender-egalitarianism, the education program would be effective to implement early in the school as childhood is a period in which children have a non-established sex-role.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2016

연구목적 중학생의 성격 발달 및 자아탄력성은 부모의 양육행동과 깊은 관계가 있다. 중학생의 자아탄력성과 부모의 양육행동과의 관계와 이에 대한 요인을 알아보고자 한다. 방 법 한국 아동청소년 패널조사 2013년 자료를 활용하여 층화 다단계 집락 포집 방법으로 표본(남성: 1,075; 여성: 1,033)을 선정하였으며 부모 양육행동 척도와 자아탄력성 척도를 사용하여 부모 양육행동과 중학생의 자아탄력성을 평가하였다. 중학생의 자아탄력성에 영향을 주는 부모 양육행동을 알아보기 위해 선형 회귀분석을 시행하였으며 영향 요인과의 상관성을 알아보기 위하여 피어슨 상관분석을 시행하였다. 결 과 회귀 분석 결과 부모의 양육행동 중에 합리적 설명, 애정, 관심, 비일관성이 자아탄력성에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 상관 분석 결과 부모의 양육행동 중에 합리적 설명, 애정, 관심이 자아탄력성과 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.24, r=0.31, r=0.22, p<0.01). 그러나 중학생의 자아탄력성과 비일관성은 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 결 론 부모의 양육행동에서 합리적 설명, 애정, 관심이 높을수록 자아탄력성이 높아짐을 의미한다. 또한 비일관성이 중학생의 자아탄력성에 영향을 주는 요인이나 유의한 상관성을 보이지 않은 것을 통해 유아와는 달리 중학생의 자아탄력성은 다른 요인들에 의해 영향을 받을 가능성을 시사한다. 이 연구는 중학생의 정신과적 문제에 대한 정신사회적 접근에 도움이 될 것이다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.87-98
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the life satisfaction of adolescents in the ecological contexts of their individual, family, school, and social-cultural experiences. The participants were 1,099 middle and high school students in Chungnam-do. Instruments were the Satisfaction with Life Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Parent-Adolescent Communication Inventory, the School Life Satisfaction Scale, and Social-Cultural Satisfaction Scale. Data analysis involved the use of descriptive statistics, t- and F-tests, Duncan's multiple range test, product-moment correlations, multiple regression, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, and factor analysis. Results were as follows: Firstly, middle school students showed the highest levels of life satisfaction, and vocational high school students reported the lowest levels. Also, life satisfaction was inversely related to school grades. Secondly, for all the students, life satisfaction was positive correlated with self-esteem, open communication with parents, school life satisfaction, and social-cultural satisfaction. Lastly, open communication with parents and overall satisfaction with life at school explained more of the variance in adolescent life satisfaction than any other factors.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.51-72
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• 2002

This research was conducted to understand and analyze the health-related behaviors of middle school students and get fundamental research data essential to provide efficient student guidance and public health service at school. The interview using Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System(YRBSS). Translation and modification for Korean students of the YRBS. The Korean version of YRBS(Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System) that translation and modification for Korean students of the YRBS developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)was used to assessment to health-related behaviors of youth. The interviewees were 1040 enrolled students at middle school in Daegu metropolitan city. YRBSS monitors six categories of priority health behaviors among youth and young adults behaviors that contribute to unintentional and intentional injuries; tobacco use; alcohol and other drug use, sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases(STDs)(including human immunodeficiency virus infection); unhealthy dietary behaviors; and physical activity. The result shows that over 30% of students rarely or never used safety belt and almost students were rarely or never wore a bicycle helmet. During the 12 months preceding the survey, 21.9% female students had felt so sad or hopeless almost every day for $\geq$ 2weeks in a row that they stopped doing some usually activities 20.5% of male middle school students have ever tried cigarette smoking. 26.2% of male students and 27.2% do female students had had over one drinks of alcohol during their lifetime(lifetime alcohol use). 47% of male students had had over one drinks of alcohol on $\geq$ 1 of the 30 days preceding the survey(current alcohol use). Over one half of female student were thought they were overweight. These results suggest that some risk behaviors be very prevalent in a korean middle school students and priority health-risk behaviors, which contribute to the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among youth and adult, often are establish during middle school age, extend into adulthood, are interrelated. Among both children and adults, the leading causes of death are closely linked to these behaviors. Among adults, chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes are the national leading killers. Practicing healthy behaviors, such as eating low-fat, high-fruit-and-vegetable diets, getting regular physical activity, and refraining from tobacco use, would prevent many premature deaths. Because health-related behaviors are usually established in childhood, positive choices need to be promoted before damaging behaviors are initiated or become ingrained.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.53-68
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• 2022

Using a person-centered approach, the current study investigated latent profiles for the emotional and behavioral problems of students in sixth-grade in elementary school and second grade of middle school. The aim was to explore latent transition patterns and verify the factors affecting the transitions. The participants were 1,937 adolescents who responded to the 3^rd year (6^th grade of elementary school; Time 1), 4^th year (1^st grade of middle school), and 5^th year (2^nd grade of middle school; Time 2) of the Korean Children Youth Panel Study. Latent profile and latent transition analyses were performed. The results were as follows: first, the latent profile of emotional and behavioral problems changed from Time 1 to Time 2. The latent groups at Time 1 were classified into low, moderate, high, and externalizing-dominant, whereas at Time 2, five groups were identified: low, moderate, high, externalizing-dominant, and withdrawal-dominant. Second, transition analyses revealed that although 22.3-57.0% of latent groups remained unchanged, there were significant changes over time between groups, as a new group ('withdrawal-dominant') emerged in Time 2. Third, different factors influenced the latent profile transition of emotional and behavioral problems depending on the transition pattern. Higher levels of self-esteem, better relationships with peers and teachers, and lower levels of parental inconsistency meant emotional and behavioral problems had not worsened at Time 2. The results suggest that early interventions are needed during the transition from childhood to early adolescence.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.451-455
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• 2001

Objectives : There have been several studies documenting the changing level of the conus throughout infancy and childhood, but there is only a little detailed study that documents the range of conus positions in a living adult population, especially in Korean, without spinal deformity. Methods : we made a sequential study of magnetic resonance images of the lumbar spine to determine the variation in position of the conus medullaris in 650 living korean adults population without spinal deformity who checked MRI to identify the cause of low back pain. The study population consisted of patients over the age of 16 years. A T1-weighted, midline, sagittal image was reviewed for identifying the postion of conus. This location was recorded in relation to the upper, middle, or lower third of the adjacent vertebral body or the adjacent intervertebral disc. Results : The study group consisted of 305 men(47%) and 345 women(53%) with a mean age 45.9 years(range, 16-79 years). The conus existed commonly at the middle third of L1(131cases, 20.2%), at the L1-2 intervertebral space(129cases, 19.8%), and the lower third of L1(123cases, 18.9%). The mean position of conus was the lower third of L1(range, middle third of T12 to middle third of L3). Conclusions : The mean position of conus was at the lower third of L1(range, middle third of T12 to middle third of L3). This results was same as that of foreign study. Our results of living korean adult population could allow for safe clinical procedures such as lumbar puncture, spinal anesthesia, and help to explain the differences among observed neurologic injuries from fracture-dislocation at the thoracolumbar junction.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.135-145
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• 1994

남녀 중학생들의 섭식의 형태와 신경증적 경향과의 연관성을 알아보고자 1993년 대구시내 모 중학교 3학년 학생 419명(남 : 187명, 여 : 232명)을 대상으로 섭식태도 척도, Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire 및 Zung의 자가평가 우울척도를 사용하여 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 체중의 과소에 따른 성적은 유의하지 않았다. 남학생과 여학생을 비교할때 여학생의 경우 모든 척도에서 유의하게 높은 점수를 보였다(p<0.05). 섭식태도척도는 Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire와 Zung의 자가평가 우울척도와 유의한 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.05). 정신사회적 요인 중 남녀학생 모두에게 유의하게 높은 접수를 보인 요인은 현재 및 미래 자아상에 불만인 경우 (각각 p<10.05, p<0.05) 현재 및 주위 환경에 불만인 경우(p<0.05)이었다. 남학생에서 유의하게 높은 접수를 보인 요인은 현재 대인관계에 있어서 불만족인 경우(p<0.05)이었으며, 여학생에서는 용돈 중 61-90%를 먹는데 사용하는 경우(p<0.05), 가족간의 관계가 불만족(p<0.05) 또는 보통인 경우(p<0.05), 성장 환경에 불만족인 경우(p<0.05), 과거 자아상에 대해 불만족인 경우(p<0.05) 및 현재 부모와의 관계에서 불만족인 경우(p<0.05)이었다.