• 제목/요약/키워드: microtubule motor

검색결과 28건 처리시간 0.03초

Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls on the Expression of KAP3 Gene Involved in the 'Critical Period' of Rat Brain Sexual Differentiation

  • Lee, Chae-Kwan;Kang, Han-Seung;June, Bu-ll;Lee, Byung-Ju;Moon, Deog-Hwan;Kang, Sung-Goo
    • Animal cells and systems
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    • 제5권4호
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    • pp.327-331
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    • 2001
  • There is a critical developmental period during which brain sexual differentiation proceeds irreversibly under the influence of gonadal hormone. Recently, kinesin superfamily-associated protein 3 (KAP3) gene expressed during the 'critical period' of rat brain differentiation was identified by us (Choi and Lee, 1999). KAP3 functions as a microtubule-based motor that transports membranous organelles anterogradely in cells, including neurons (Yamazaki et al., 1996). mRNA level of KAP3 gene markedly increased before the initiation of puberty. Neonatal treatment of estrogen clearly inhibited the prepubertal increase in KAP3 mRNA level (Choi and Lee, 1999). In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as endocrine disruptors (EDs) on the expression of KAP3 gene during the 'critical period' of rat brain development. In our data, PCBs significantly decreased the expression of KAP3 gene in the fetal (day 17) and the neonatal (day 6 after birth in) male and female rat brains. The body weight and the breeding ability were significantly decreased in the PCBs-exposed rats compared with the control. These results showed that PCBs affect the transcriptional level of brain sexual differentiation related gene, KAP3, in the fetal and the neonatal rat brains. The maternal exposure to the PCBs may lead to toxic response in embryonic brain sexual differentiation and breeding ability after sexual maturation. This study indicates that KAP3 gene may be useful as a gene marker to analyze the molecular mechanism of toxic response in the animal brain development and sexual maturation exposed to PCBs.

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Reduction of Inflammation and Enhancement of Motility after Pancreatic Islet Derived Stem Cell Transplantation Following Spinal Cord Injury

  • Karaoz, Erdal;Tepekoy, Filiz;Yilmaz, Irem;Subasi, Cansu;Kabatas, Serdar
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제62권2호
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    • pp.153-165
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    • 2019
  • Objective : Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a very serious health problem, usually caused by a trauma and accompanied by elevated levels of inflammation indicators. Stem cell-based therapy is promising some valuable strategies for its functional recovery. Nestin-positive progenitor and/or stem cells (SC) isolated from pancreatic islets (PI) show mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) characteristics. For this reason, we aimed to analyze the effects of rat pancreatic islet derived stem cell (rPI-SC) delivery on functional recovery, as well as the levels of inflammation factors following SCI. Methods : rPI-SCs were isolated, cultured and their MSC characteristics were determined through flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analysis. The experimental rat population was divided into three groups : 1) laminectomy & trauma, 2) laminectomy & trauma & phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and 3) laminectomy+trauma+SCs. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) labelled rPI-SCs were transplanted into the injured rat spinal cord. Their motilities were evaluated with Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) Score. After 4-weeks, spinal cord sections were analyzed for GFP labeled SCs and stained for vimentin, $S100{\beta}$, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proinflammatory (interleukin [IL]-6, transforming growth factor $[TGF]-{\beta}$, macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-2, myeloperoxidase [MPO]) and anti-inflammatory (IL-1 receptor antagonis) factors. Results : rPI-SCs were revealed to display MSC characteristics and express neural and glial cell markers including BDNF, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), fibronectin, microtubule associated protein-2a,b (MAP2a,b), ${\beta}3$-tubulin and nestin as well as anti-inflammatory prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP3. The BBB scores showed significant motor recovery in group 3. GFP-labelled cells were localized on the injury site. In addition, decreased proinflammatory factor levels and increased intensity of anti-inflammatory factors were determined. Conclusion : Transplantation of PI-SCs might be an effective strategy to improve functional recovery following spinal cord trauma.

Neuroprotective Effect of Astersaponin I against Parkinson's Disease through Autophagy Induction

  • Zhang, Lijun;Park, Jeoung Yun;Zhao, Dong;Kwon, Hak Cheol;Yang, Hyun Ok
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • 제29권6호
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    • pp.615-629
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    • 2021
  • An active compound, triterpene saponin, astersaponin I (AKNS-2) was isolated from Aster koraiensis Nakai (AKNS) and the autophagy activation and neuroprotective effect was investigated on in vitro and in vivo Parkinson's disease (PD) models. The autophagy-regulating effect of AKNS-2 was monitored by analyzing the expression of autophagy-related protein markers in SH-SY5Y cells using Western blot and fluorescent protein quenching assays. The neuroprotection of AKNS-2 was tested by using a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridium ion (MPP+)-induced in vitro PD model in SH-SY5Y cells and an MPTP-induced in vivo PD model in mice. The compound-treated SH-SY5Y cells not only showed enhanced microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3-II (LC3-II) and decreased sequestosome 1 (p62) expression but also showed increased phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (p-Erk), phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) and phosphorylated unc-51-like kinase (p-ULK) and decreased phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) expression. AKNS-2-activated autophagy could be inhibited by the Erk inhibitor U0126 and by AMPK siRNA. In the MPP+-induced in vitro PD model, AKNS-2 reversed the reduced cell viability and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels and reduced the induced α-synuclein level. In an MPTP-induced in vivo PD model, AKNS-2 improved mice behavioral performance, and it restored dopamine synthesis and TH and α-synuclein expression in mouse brain tissues. Consistently, AKNS-2 also modulated the expressions of autophagy related markers in mouse brain tissue. Thus, AKNS-2 upregulates autophagy by activating the Erk/mTOR and AMPK/mTOR pathways. AKNS-2 exerts its neuroprotective effect through autophagy activation and may serve as a potential candidate for PD therapy.

Kinesin Light Chain 1 (KLC1)의 Tetratricopeptide Repeat (TPR) 도메인과 Rab effector, EHBP1L1의 결합 (Rab Effector EHBP1L1 Associates with the Tetratricopeptide Repeat Domain of Kinesin Light Chain 1)

  • 정영주;박성우;김상진;김무성;엄상화;이정구;석대현
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제30권1호
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    • pp.10-17
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    • 2020
  • Kinesin 1은 미세소관을 따라 plus말단으로 이동하는 모터단백질로 세포내 물질 수송에 관여한다. Kinesin 1은 경쇄단위체(light chain subunit)를 통하여 운반체들인, 세포내 소기관, 다양한 소포체, 신경전달물질 수용체 단백질, 세포신호전달 단백질과 여러 단백질 복합체들과 결합하여 운반하는 kinesin superfamily protein (KIFs)의 한 종류이다. Kinesin light chains 1 (KLC1)은 모터 기능이 없는 단위체로서 kinesin heavy chain (KHC)과 결합한다. KLC1은 다양한 매개단백질들과 결합하지만 아직 결합하는 매개단백질이 충분히 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 KLC1의 tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) 영역과 결합하는 단백질을 분리하기 위하여 효모 two-hybrid 탐색한 결과 EH domain-binding protein 1-like 1 (EHBP1L1) 을 분리하였다. EHBP1L1은 KLC1의 TPR 영역을 포함한 부위와 결합하지만 KIF5B (kinesin 1의 모터 단백질)과 KIF3A (kinesin 2의 모터 단백질)와는 결합하지 않았다. 또한 KLC1은 EHBP1L1의 C-말단에 존재하는 coiled-coil 도메인과 결합하였으며, 다른 EHBP1L1의 isoform인 EHBP1과는 결합하지 않았다. KLC1은 GST와는 결합하지 않지만 GST-EHBP1L1과 GST-EHBP1L1-coiled-coil domain과는 결합하였다. HEK-293T세포에 EHBP1L1과 KLC1을 동시에 발현시켰을 때 두 단백질은 세포 내에서 같은 부위에 존재하며, EHBP1L1을 면역침강한 결과 KLC1뿐만 아니라 KIF5B와도 같이 침강함을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과들은 kinesin 1은 EHBP1L1이 결합한 운반체를 수송함을 시사한다.

CUE 도메인 포함 단백질인 CUEDC2는 KIF5A의 C-말단과 결합을 통하여 Kinesin-1와 결합 (CUEDC2, CUE Domain Containing Protein 2, Associates with Kinesin-1 by Binding to the C-Terminus of KIF5A)

  • 김명훈;표세영;정영주;박성우;서미경;이원희;엄상화;김무성;이정구;석대현
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제33권11호
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    • pp.868-875
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    • 2023
  • Kinesin-1은 kinesin superfamily (KIF) 단백질 중에서 처음으로 확인된 모터 단백질로 세포내 미세소관 의존하여 세포내 cargo를 수송한다. Kinesin-1은 두 개의 중쇄(KHC, 또는 KIF5)와 두 개의 경쇄(KLC)로 구성된다. KIF5A의 C-말단의 93개 아미노산은 KIF5B와 KIF5C의C-말단 꼬리 영역과는 상동성이 없다. 본 연구에서 우리는 KIF5A의 C-말단 영역과 특이적으로 결합하는 단백질을 분리하기 위해 효모 2-하이브리드 스크리닝을 하였다. 본 연구에서 우리는 KIF5A와 결합하는 단백질로 유비퀴틴화 경로 및 단백질 수송에 관여하는 어댑터 단백질로 기능하는 CUE 도메인을 가진 CUEDC2를 확인하였다. CUEDC2는 KIF5A의 C-말단 영역과 결합하지만, KIF5B, KIF3A 및KLC1과는 결합하지 않았다. KIF5A는 CUEDC2의 C-말단 영역과 특이적으로 결합하였지만, CUEDC2의 다른 isoform인 CUEDC1과는 결합하지 않았다. 또한, KIF5A와 CUEDC2의 결합은 글루타티온 S-트랜스퍼라제(GST) 풀다운으로 단백질간 결합을 확인하였다. HEK-293T 세포에서 myc-KIF5A와 FLAG-CUEDC2을 공동 발현되었을 때, CUEDC2는 kinesin-1과 공동 면역 침전되었고, myc-KIF5A와 EGFP-CUEDC2는 세포내의 같은 위치에서 발현하였다. 이러한 결과들은 kinesin-1에 의한 세포내 화물 수송에서 CUEDC2는 KIF5A에 결합하여 kinesin-1과 화물을 연결하는 어댑터 단백질 역할을 시사한다.

Heterotrimeric kinesin-2의 KIF3A와 creatine kinase B의 결합 (The Heterotrimeric Kinesin-2 Family Member KIF3A Directly Binds to Creatine Kinase B)

  • 정영주;박성우;서미경;김상진;이원희;김무성;엄상화;이정구;석대현
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제31권3호
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    • pp.257-265
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    • 2021
  • Kinesin은 세포의 중심부에서 세포막쪽으로 미세소관을 따라 이동하며, heterotrimeric kinesin-2는 kinesin superfamily (KIF)의 한 종류로 미세소관의 plus방향으로 이동하는 분자 모터 단백질이다. Heterotrimeric kinesin-2는 모터 활성을 가지는 3종류(KIF3A, KIF3B와 KIF3C)와 kinesin-associated protein 3 (KAP3)이 결합한 형태로 KIF3s의 운반체 결합 영역을 통하여 다양한 결합 단백질과 결합한다. 그러나, 다양한 운반체를 수송하는 heterotrimeric kinesin-2를 조절하는 조절단백질에 대하여서는 아직 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 heterotrimeric kinesin-2를 조절하는 조절단백질을 단백질을 분리하기 위하여 KIF3A의 운반체 결합 영역과 결합하는 단백질을 효모 two-hybrid system을 사용하여 탐색한 결과, 뇌에 특이적으로 발현하는 세포질 크레아틴 키나아제(CKB)를 분리하였다. CKB의 C-말단은 KIF3A의 운반체 결합 영역과 결합하지만, KIF3B, KIF5B와 KAP3과는 결합하지 않았다. 다른 단백질 키나아제인 CaMKIIa는 KIF3A와 결합하지만 GSK3a는 KIF3A와 결합하지 않았다. 또한 KIF3A은 GST-CKB-C와는 결합하지만 GST-CKB-C와 GST와는 결합하지 않았다. HEK-293T세포에 CKB와 KIF3A을 동시에 발현시켰을 때 두 단백질은 세포 내에서 같은 부위에 존재하며, CKB 혹은 KIF3A을 면역침강한 결과 KIF3A뿐만 아니라 KIF3B와도 같이 침강함을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과들은 CKB-KIF3A 결합은 세포내에서 에너지가 부족되는 조건에서 heterotrimeric kinesin-2의 운반체 수송을 조절할 가능성을 시사한다.

출생 전.후 뇌의 성분화 결정시기에 DDT에 의한 KAP3 유전자 조절에 대한 연구 (Study on the Regulation of KAP3 Gene Involved in the Brain Sexual Differentiation by DDT during the Critical Period of Fetal and Neonatal Age)

  • 강한승;전부일;최은정;이병주;이채관;강성구
    • 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.95-100
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    • 2000
  • 환경에 방출되어 있는 많은 내분비교란물질들은 사람과 동물의 내분비계에 교란을 일으킬 수 있는 잠재력을 가진다. 뇌의 성분화는 생식소 호르몬 영향하에 비가역적으로 진행되며 흰쥐의 경우 이 시기는 임신말기에서 생후 7∼10일 가량이다. 최근에 본 연구진은 횐쥐의 뇌 성 분화의 결정적인 시기에 발현되는 KAP3유전자를 클로닝하였다 (Choi & Lee, 1999). KAP3의 기능은 신경세포를 포함한 세포에서 aronal tansport를 조절하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 흰쥐 뇌 발생의 결정적인 시기에 내분비 교란물질인 Dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT)가 KAP3유전자 발현과 성분화에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. DDT에 노출된 임신 17일된 흰쥐 태아 암컷과 수컷의 뇌에서 KAP3 mRNA의 발현이 증가하였다. 그러나 출생후 DDT에 노출된 흰쥐 암컷과 수컷의 뇌에서는 KAP3 mRNA의 발현은 감소하였다. 또한 태어난 직후 DDT에 노출된 경우 체중이 현저히 감소하였으며 수정율도 DDT에 노출되지 않은 흰쥐에 비하여 크게 낮았다. 이러한 결과는 내분비 교란물질인 DDT가 뇌의 성 분화와 관련된 유전자인 KAP3의 전사에 영향을 미치며, 내분비 교란물질에 노출된 태아의 뇌 분화에서 독성을 보이는 것을 의미한다. 그리고 KAP3유전자는 동물의 신경세포의 발생에 미치는 내분비 교란 물질의 독성을 분자생물학적으로 연구하기 위한 유전자 지표로도 사용 가능하다고 생각된다.

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Comparative analysis on genome-wide DNA methylation in longissimus dorsi muscle between Small Tailed Han and Dorper×Small Tailed Han crossbred sheep

  • Cao, Yang;Jin, Hai-Guo;Ma, Hui-Hai;Zhao, Zhi-Hui
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제30권11호
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    • pp.1529-1539
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    • 2017
  • Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the DNA methylation profile in the longissimus dorsi muscle between Small Tailed Han and Dorper${\times}$Small Tailed Han crossbred sheep which were known to exhibit significant difference in meat-production. Methods: Six samples (three in each group) were subjected to the methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-seq) and subsequent bioinformatics analyses to detect differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between the two groups. Results: 23.08 Gb clean data from six samples were generated and 808 DMRs were identified in gene body or their neighboring up/downstream regions. Compared with Small Tailed Han sheep, we observed a tendency toward a global loss of DNA methylation in these DMRs in the crossbred group. Gene ontology enrichment analysis found several gene sets which were hypomethylated in gene-body region, including nucleoside binding, motor activity, phospholipid binding and cell junction. Numerous genes were found to be differentially methylated between the two groups with several genes significantly differentially methylated, including transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFB3), acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 1 (ACSL1), ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1), acyl-CoA oxidase 2 (ACOX2), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma2 (PPARG2), netrin 1 (NTN1), ras and rab interactor 2 (RIN2), microtubule associated protein RP/EB family member 1 (MAPRE1), ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 2 (ADAMTS2), myomesin 1 (MYOM1), zinc finger, DHHC type containing 13 (ZDHHC13), and SH3 and PX domains 2B (SH3PXD2B). The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction validation showed that the 12 genes are differentially expressed between the two groups. Conclusion: In the current study, a tendency to a global loss of DNA methylation in these DMRs in the crossbred group was found. Twelve genes, TGFB3, ACSL1, RYR1, ACOX2, PPARG2, NTN1, RIN2, MAPRE1, ADAMTS2, MYOM1, ZDHHC13, and SH3PXD2B, were found to be differentially methylated between the two groups by gene ontology enrichment analysis. There are differences in the expression of 12 genes, of which ACSL1, RIN2, and ADAMTS2 have a negative correlation with methylation levels and the data suggest that DNA methylation levels in DMRs of the 3 genes may have an influence on the expression. These results will serve as a valuable resource for DNA methylation investigations on screening candidate genes which might be related to meat production in sheep.