• Plant Resources
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 1998

This paper describes the variations in eight agronomic traits in three unadapted local landraces and an inbred cultivar of corn. To compare the agronomic traits in field evaluation with molecular marker evaluation the genotypes of the plant introduction were also checked by 4 microsatellite-SSR loci. The variations of the eight agronomic traits were higher in the local landrades than in the inbred line. which was substantiated by the high genetic variation in the landrades with microsatellite-SSR loci. The level of genetic variation was also different between landraces. Since the genetic evaluation can be easily quantified by the analysis of microsatellite-SSR loci. the threshold level of genetic homogeneity in the population for parental lines in breeding program can be determined and the effort of maintaining the landrace population would be alleviated. As an example in our analysis. the entry from Whachon should not need the same number of selfing generations as the other two landraces to get the level of inbred state. Since this line showed lowest intra-genetic variation within the population.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.136-139
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• 2017

The genus Iksookimia (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cobitidae) is a bottom-dwelling freshwater loaches, which are well-known as their endemism and high geographic variation. However, population genetic relationships among Iksookimia spp. have remained unclear due to a shortage of genetic markers that can be applied generally in the genus. Here, we developed high-resolving microsatellite markers using I. koreensis and I. longicorpa as representatives of Iksookimia species because of their wide distribution range and phylogenetic position. Ten of polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from Iksookimia koreensis and were successfully cross-amplified in I. longicorpa. The mean number of observed alleles per locus was about 10.4 (range, 2-17) for I. koreensis and about 13.2 (range, 2-24) for I. longicorpa. The loci, IK03 and IK08, deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in I. koreensis, after applying the Bonferroni correction. The microsatellite markers obtained in the present study will be useful to evaluate population genetic structure and to establish conservation strategies for I. koreensis and related Iksookimia species.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.1460-1465
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• 2021

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the diversity of donkey populations by comparing with the diversity of Thoroughbred and Jeju Halla horses; identified breeding backgrounds can contribute to management and conservation of donkeys in South Korea. Methods: A total of 100 horse (50 Thoroughbreds and 50 Jeju Halla horses) and 79 donkeys samples were genotyped with 15 microsatellite markers (AHT4, AHT5, ASB2, ASB17, ASB23, CA425, HMS1, HMS2, HMS3, HMS6, HMS7, HTG4, HTG10, LEX3, and VHL20), to identify genetic diversity and relationships among horses and donkeys. Results: The observed number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 (ASB17, HMS1) to 14 (AHT5), with a mean value of 4.87, 8.00, and 5.87 in Thoroughbreds, Jeju Halla horses, and donkeys, respectively. Of the 15 markers, AHT4, AHT5, ASB23, CA425, HMS2, HMS3, HTG4, HTG10, and LEX3 loci had relatively high polymorphism information content (PIC) values (PIC>0.5) in these three populations. Mean levels of genetic variation were H_E = 0.6721 and H_O = 0.6600 in Thoroughbreds, H_E = 0.7898 and H_O = 0.7100 in Jeju Halla horses, and H_E = 0.5635 and H_O = 0.4861 in donkeys. Of the 15 loci in donkeys, three loci had negative inbreeding coefficients (FIS), with a moderate mean FIS (0.138). The FIS estimate for the HTG4 marker was highest (0.531) and HMS6 marker was lowest (-0.001). The total probability of exclusion value of 15 microsatellite loci was 0.9996 in donkeys. Conclusion: Genetic cluster analysis showed that the genetic relationship among 79 donkeys was generally consistent with pedigree records. Among the three breeds, donkeys and Thoroughbred horses formed clearly different groups, but the group of Jeju Halla horses overlapped with that of Thoroughbred horses, suggesting that the loci would be suitable for donkey parentage testing. Therefore, the results of this study are a valid tool for genetic study and conservation of donkeys.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.169-173
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• 2009

본 연구는 마품종 간의 유전적 배경과 다양성을 분석하기 위해 제주마, 경주마, 더러브렛, 몽고마, 쿼터호스, 일본마를 기초 축으로 생물체 집단 간의 유전적 배경 및 관련성을 연구하는데 도움 되는 microsatellite marker를 사용하여 13종의 좌위에 대한 개체별 유전자형을 분석하여 대립 유전자별 빈도에 있어 품종별 차이를 보이는 microsatellite loci들을 나타냈다. 전체 개체들의 유전적 다양성을 나타내는 유전자 좌위별 품종별 기대 이형질성은 0.669-0.869를 나타냈고, 전체 집단 간의 유전자 분화정도는 0.061-0.219를 나타냈다. 이러한 대립 유전자 빈도를 근거로 하여 DISPAN 프로그램을 이용하여 집단 간 표준 유전적 거리를 도식하여 유전자 좌위별 유전적 거리는 0.137-0.414를 나타내어 마품종간의 유전적 다양성과 관련성을 고찰할 수 있게 되었다. 따라서 초위성체 유전자 표지를 이용하여 집단 내의의 혈통분석 및 분자 진화학을 연구하는데 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.1664-1672
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• 2019

Objective: This study aimed to measure genetic diversity and to determine the relationships among fourteen goose breeds. Methods: Microsatellite markers were isolated from the genomic DNA of geese based on previous literature. The DNA segments, including short tandem repeats, were tested for their diversity among fourteen populations of geese. The diversity was tested on both breeds and loci level and by mean of unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean and structure program, phylogenetic tree and population structure were tested. Results: A total of 108 distinct alleles (1%) were observed across the fourteen breeds, with 36 out of the 108 alleles (33.2%) being unique to only one breed. Genetic parameters were measured per the 14 breeds and the 9 loci. Medium to high heterozygosity was reported with high effective numbers of alleles (Ne). Polymorphic information contents (PIC) of the screened loci was found to be highly polymorphic for eleven breeds; while 3 breeds were reported moderately polymorphic. Breeding coefficient ($F_{IS}$) ranged from -0.033 to 0.358, and the pair wise genetic differentiation ($F_{ST}$) ranged from 0.01 to 0.36 across the fourteen breeds; for the 9 loci observed and expected heterozygosity, and Ne were same as the breeds parameters, PIC of the screened loci reported 6 loci highly polymorphic and 3 loci to be medium polymorphic, and $F_{IS}$ ranged from -0.113 to 0.368. In addition, genetic distance estimate revealed a close genetic distance between Canada goose and Hortobagy goose breeds by 0.04, and the highest distance was between Taihu goose and Graylag goose (anser anser) breed by 0.54. Conclusion: Cluster analyses were made, and they revealed that goose breeds had hybridized frequently, resulting in a loss of genetic distinctiveness for some breeds.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.224-231
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• 2012

To assess the genetic diversity of Aconitum coreanum (Ranunculaceae) populations in Korea, we have amplified and sequenced eight organellar marker regions, and developed and analyzed microsatellite markers. No sequence variation was detected from the eight organellar markers. Ten microsatellites were developed using Next Generation Sequencing and two microsatellite markers, AK_CA03 and AK_CT07, were identified polymorphic and applied for 143 individuals of twelve A. coreanum populations. Four and five alleles were detected for the two microsatellite loci, respectively, and number of migrants ($N_m$) was estimated as 1.12586. Two microsatellite marker loci showed $F_{ST}$ of 0.205 and 0.275, respectively. The heterozygosity deficit, low level of among-population differentiation, small size of gene flow, and lack of sequence variation of the organellar markers suggest that A. coreanum is reproductively isolated from other Aconitum species and there has been continuous gene flow among the populations of A. coreanum or it has dispersed relatively recently after speciation. Though population pairwise $F_{ST}$'s presented significant geographic structure, further sampling and study will be necessary to confirm this.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.180-190
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• 2000

연구배경: Microsatellite 돌연변이 유발유전자 표현형으로 나타나는 유전자 불안정화는 암 발생에 필요한 유전자 변이의 출현을 조장하는 것으로 알려져 있다. Merlo 등은 원발성 소세포폐암에서 빈번한 microsatellite 불안정화가 관찰됨을 보고하였으나 최근 Kim 등의 또 다른 보고에서는 검사를 시행한 loci중 오직 1%에서만 microsatellite instability가 관찰되어 상반된 결과를 보였다. 따라서 저자들은 종양 발생에 관여하는 원인을 찾는 노력의 일환으로 유전자 불안정화가 원발성 소세포폐암의 발생과 진행에 어떠한 병인적 중요성을 갖는지 확인하고, 외국의 결과와 비교하여 우리나라 환자들에서 유전적 변이의 차이점을 관찰하고자 하였으며, microsatellite 불안정화가 빈번히 관찰된다면 이를 우리나라 소세포폐암 환자들의 분자생물학적 조기 진단 및 환자의 예후 판정에도 활용할 수 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 연세대학교 의과대학 세브란스병원에서 원발성 소세포폐암으로 진단된 15 명의 남자 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 암조직과 이에 대응하는 정상 조직의 파라핀 포매 블록으로부터 DNA를 추출하였으며, 염색체 1p, 2p, 3p, 5q, 6p, 6q, 9p, 9q, 13q, 17p에 위치한 총 40개의 microsatellite markers를 이용하여 microsatellite 분석을 실시하였다. 결 과: 1) 대상 환자 15예중에서 LOH가 1개라도 관찰된 경우는 13예(86.7%) 이었다. 2) LOH가 관찰된 13예중 3예에서는 염색체 9p의 광범위한 지역에서 결손이 관찰되었다. 3) LOH는 염색체 2p에서 72.7%, 염색체 3p 40%, 염색체 5q 50%, 염색체 9p 46.7%, 염색체 13q 69.2%, 그리고 염색체 17p에서 66.7% 가 관찰되었다(Table 1). 4) 대상 환자 15예중에서 shifted bands가 1개라도 관찰된 경우는 9예(60%)이었다. 5) Shifted bands, 즉 microsatellite 불안정화를 보이는 9예중 altered loci는 2.5~52.5%( 평균 $9.4\pm16.19$)에서 관찰되었다(Table 2). 6) 검사한 총 600개 loci 중에서 shifted bands가 있는 경우는 34 loci로 5.7% 이었다(Table 2). 7) Shifted bands를 보이는 9예에서 LOH는 0~83.3% 까지 관찰되었으며, 중앙생존기간은 35주이었다. Shifted bands를 보이지 않는 6예에서 LOH는 0~83.3%까지 관찰되었으며, 중앙생존기간은 73주이었다(Table 1). 그러나 양군간의 중앙생존기간은 유의한 차이가 없었다(p=0.4712). 결 론: 원발성 소세포폐암 일부에서 여러 종양억제유전자들의 불활성화뿐 아니라 microsatellite 불안정화도 암발생에 관여하는 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 microsatellite 불안정화와 소세포폐암의 임상적 예후와의 연관성은 관찰할 수 없었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.537-543
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• 2004

Microsatellite market는 유전연관분석을 위한 매우 유용한 유전표지이다. 그러나 대부분의 market들은 서양인의 정보를 이응하고 있으므로 다른 종족에서 사용할 때는 종족간에 존재할 수 있는 유전 변이의 현저한 차이를 검증해야 한다. 한국인과 일본인 집단에서 종족간 유전 변이를 조사하기 위하여, 각각 96명의 비 혈연관계의 한국인과 일본인 개체들에서 DNA를 채취하였다 그리고 microsatellite set(ABI PRISM Linkage Mapping Set- HDS, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA)을 이용하여 1번 인간 염색체 전 부위에 걸쳐 51개의 microsatellite marker들을 배열하고 부착된 marker들의 위치를 분석하여 대립유전자 빈도와 이형질성을 결정하였다 그 결과, 한국인과 서양인 집단 사이에는 현저한 차이를 보였으나 한국인과 일본인 집단 사이에서는 매우 유사하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 유전 연관 연구에 앞서 일반적으로 상용되는 microsatellite marker에 관한 광범위한 검증을 반드시 시행하여야 한다는 것을 나타낸다. 또한 한국인과 일본인 집단 사이에서 유사하게 나타난 대립유전자 빈도와 이 형질성은 두 민족간의 동질성이 높다는 것을 의미하므로 두 민족을 대상으로 한 1번 인간염색체와 관련된 유전 질환의 유전 연관 연구를 시행할 때 동일한 microsatellite marker의 이용 가능성을 제시하였다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.321-328
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• 2012

The oily bittering Acheilognathus koreensis is a freshwater species that is endemic to Korea and is experiencing severe declines in natural populations as a result of habitat fragmentation and water pollution. For the conservation and restoration of this species, it is necessary to assess its genetic diversity at the population level. We developed 13 polymorphic microsatellite loci that were used to analyze the genetic diversity of two populations collected from the Kum River and the Tamjin River in Korea. All loci exhibited Mendelian inheritance patterns when examined in controlled crosses. Both populations revealed high levels of variability, with the number of alleles ranging from 3 to 20 and observed and expected heterozygosities ranging from 0.500 to 0.969 and from 0.529 to 0.938, respectively. None of the loci showed significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and one pair of loci showed significant linkage disequilibrium after Bonferroni correction. Pairwise $F_{ST}$ and genetic distance estimation showed significant differences between two populations. These results suggest that the microsatellites developed herein can be used to study the genetic diversity, population structure and conservation measure of A. koreensis.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.214-220
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• 2003

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of loss of heterozygosity and the microsatellite instability at multiple tumor suppressor gene loci in gastric adenocarcinomas. Materials and Methods: Loss of heterozygosity and the microsatellite instability at several tumor suppressor gene loci were analyzed in 29 primary gastric carcinomas by using microdissection and the polymerase chain reaction. Results: Twenty-three ($79\%$) of the 29 cases demonstrated loss of heterozygosity at one or more loci. The frequency of loss of heterozygosity at the p53 locus was the highest ($63\%$) and those at the VHL, APC, p16, Rb, MEN1, BRCA1, DPC4, 3p21, and 16p13 region were $41\%,\;36\%,\;19\%,\;29\%,\;33\%,\;26\%,\;21\%,\;32\%,\;and\;11\%$, respectively. Compared with histological type, loss of heterozygosity was more common in diffuse-type gastric cancer (P<0.01). Interestingly, 9 of 10 tumors with allelic deletion at the p53 locus showed loss of heterozygosity at other tumor suppressor gene loci. The microsatellite instability was also detected in 6 ($20\%$) of the 29 cases at one or more loci. Conclusion: These data suggest that frequent loss of heterozygosity and the microsatellite instability at multiple tumor suppressor genes might be required for the development and the progression of gastric carcinomas and that p53 allelic loss may be the most frequent event in the development of gastric carcinomas.