• Mycobiology
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.454-460
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• 2021

Daecheongdo and Socheongdo Islands are located in the West Sea of Korea, 210 km away from land, and are military border areas very close to North Korea, making them difficult to access. Although the ecosystem of the islands is relatively well preserved due to the lack of accessibility, research on fungi of the regions is insufficient. Therefore, we aimed to investigate indigenous fungi in these geographically and geopolitically constrained regions. A survey of the indigenous fungal diversity of the islands was conducted in 2018. All specimens were identified at the species level based on morphological and molecular analyses. Among them, six macrofungi-namely, Agaricus menieri, Crepidotus praecipuus, Dichomitus squalens, Hortiboletus amygdalinus, Melanoleuca friesii, and Trametes lactinea-were not previously reported in Korea. Considering that the proportion of unrecorded species is high in the survey area and period as well as the number of samples collected, similar research on adjacent islands may be necessary.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.74-87
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• 2001

앞으로의 비탈면 녹화(綠化)에 있어서 공사 발주자는 식물의 생육환경(生育環境)의 입장에서 볼 때 방재적(防災的)인 시점보다 생태적(生態的)인 시점에서 배려가 필요하며, 특히 생태적(生態的)인 시점에서는 지역 고유의 생태계(生態系)를 배려해야 한다. 그리고, 새로운 비탈면 녹화기술(綠化技術)로서 지역 고유의 미생물(微生物) 이용(利用)을 고려해야 하며, 그 유효성을 현지 자료를 기초로 하여 파악하였다. 한편, 비탈면을 녹화(綠化)할 경우, 지금까지의 자료를 기초로 구체적으로 살펴볼 때 파종(播種)을 기본으로 해야 하며, 비탈면 경사각과 토양의 두께에 의해 해명한 결과, 비탈면의 경사각이 중요하였다. 또한 산성우(酸性雨)의 영향을 가능한 한 완화시키는 방향에서 비탈면에 도입하는 식물(植物)을 검토해야한다. 결론적으로 앞으로는 공사 발주처가 이러한 것들을 인식하여 비탈면 녹화(綠化)에 임하지 않으면 지구 생태계(生態系)의 유지 개선에 도움이 되지 않을 것으로 사료된다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.157-168
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• 2020

The Mount Juwang was designated as a national park in 1976 because of its unique bedrock geology. Although Juwang National Park has maintained its natural ecosystem well, few macrofungal surveys have been carried out. As a part of a project supported by the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR) for the discovery of indigenous fungal species, we surveyed the mushrooms in Juwang National Park from 2018 to 2019. The macrofungi were identified based on morphological and molecular analyses. Among these fungi, five specimens were identified as species previously unrecorded in Korea: Calocybe decolorata, Crepidotus brunnescens, Mycena pearsoniana, Psathyrella phegophila, and P. sulcatotuberculosa. Three of these species are known to be rare in the world: Crepidotus brunnescens, P. phegophila, and P. sulcatotuberculosa. In this study, we provide detailed morphological descriptions of the five unrecorded species from Mt. Juwang in Korea.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to estimate the microbial metabolic activity of indigenous soil microbes under the radon exposure with different intensity and times in the secured laboratory radon chamber. For this purpose, the soil microbes were collected from radon-contaminated site located in the G county, Korea. Thereafter, their metabolic activity was determined after the radon exposure of varying radon concentrations of 185, 1,400 and 14,000 Bq/㎥. The average depth variable concentrations of soil radon in the radon-contaminated site were 707, 860 and 1,185 Bq/㎥ from 0, 15, and 30 cm in deep, respectively. Simultaneously, the soil microbial culture was mainly composed of Bacillus sp., Brevibacillus sp., Lysinibacillus sp., and Paenibacillus sp. From the radon exposure test, higher or lower radiation intensities compared to the threshold level attributed the metabolic activity of mixed microbial consortium to be reduced, whereas the moderate radiation intensity (i.e. threshold level) induced it to the pinnacle point. It was decided that radon radiation could instigate the microbial metabolic activity depending on the radon levels while they were exposed, which could consequently address that the certain extent of threshold concentration present in the ecosystem relevant to microbial diversity and population density to be more proliferated.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.373-381
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• 2012

Antibiotics have been issued recently in water environments because of potential impacts on ecosystem and public health. This study was aimed to investigating the degradation of antibiotics such as tetracycline, lincomycin, sulfamethazine and cephradine using gamma ray irradiation. And the toxicity before and after irradiation on antibiotics was tested in order to examine the aquatic eco-risk assessment by aquatic organisms. In addition, comparing tests on toxicity for gamma ray and UV irradiated antibiotics was conducted. Four different antibiotics were prepared by concentration of 30 mg/L with demi-water respectively. The absorption dose of gamma ray was ranged from 0.2 to 2 kGy. The concentration of four antibiotics was gradually decreased corresponding to the increase of the absorption dose. A method for toxicity assessment using Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was evaluated to the most acceptable compared with methods by Daphnia magna and Microtox$^{(R)}$ in terms of sensibility. It showed that the reduction of toxicity on antibiotics treated by gamma ray was superior comparing to the test results obtained from UV treatment. By-products from antibiotics treated by gamma ray were easily decomposed by microorganism and their toxicity was also evaluated to low.

• Mycobiology
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.219-230
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• 2022

Agaricales species form pileate-stipitate fruiting bodies and play important roles in maintaining the terrestrial ecosystem as decomposers, symbionts, and pathogens. Approximately 23,000 Agaricales species have been known worldwide, and 937 species have been recorded in the Republic of Korea. However, most of them were identified solely based on morphological characteristics that often led to misidentifications. The specimens collected from 2018 to 2020 in the Republic of Korea were identified based on phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Their identities were confirmed by microscopic characteristics. As a result, 14 Agaricales species were discovered for the first time in the Republic of Korea. They belonged to nine genera: Agaricus, Calocybe, Cortinarius, Hygrocybe, Inocybe, Lepista, Leucoagaricus, Marasmius, and Psathyrella. Detailed macroscopic and microscopic descriptions were provided to help distinguish these species. The morphological and molecular data provided in this study will serve as reliable references for the identification of Agaricales species.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.288-294
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• 2012

나노산업의 발달로 인해 나노제품의 제조, 소비, 폐기 과정에서 나노물질이 직 간접적인 경로를 통해 수생태 및 토양생태계로 유입되고 있다. 나노물질은 벌크물질과는 다른 특성을 가지고 있으며 나노물질의 다양한 물리화학적 변화는 환경내 나노물질의 거동 및 무생물적 생물적 상호작용에 영향을 미친다. 나노물질의 생태 독성 연구는 꾸준하게 증가하는 추세이며 특히 나노물질의 마이크로코즘 연구가 최근 보고되고 있다. 마이크로코즘(Microcosm)은 통제된 실험 조건 하에서 생태계의 일부분을 모사하여 자연 현상을 연구하기 위한 기법으로서, 마이크로코즘 연구는 생태계 내 나노물질의 거동과 통합적인 독성영향 평가를 가능하게 한다. 본 연구는 수생태 및 토양생태계에서 나노물질을 이용한 마이크로코즘 및 메조코즘(Mesocosm) 선행연구를 국제 학술 논문을 중심으로 조사하였다. 현재까지 마이크로코즘 연구는 총 12건의 논문이 발표되었고 단 1건의 메조코즘 연구가 보고되었는데, 대부분의 연구들이 미생물 군집 수준에서 나노물질의 영향을 제한적으로 평가하였다. 나노물질의 통합적 독성 영향을 평가하기 위해서 좀 더 다양한 생물종을 대상으로 그들의 상호작용을 연구할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 수생태 및 토양생태계에서 나노물질의 마이크로코즘 연구동향을 분석하고 중금속, 유기물질과 같은 일반 화학물질 이용한 마이크로코즘 독성 연구를 바탕으로 향후 나노물질의 마이크로코즘 연구방향을 제시하였다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.500-506
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• 2008

토양칼럼반응조에서 Pb 오염토양(1,200 mg/kg)에 강아지풀로 식물상복원공법을 적용하였을 때 EDTA 혹은 인용출미생물(Phosphate solubilizing microorganism) 주입이 식물의 Pb 섭취 및 연직이동에 주는 영향을 연구하였다. EDTA 주입량은 Pb 오염총량과 동일한 mol수이었으며, 6회에 걸쳐 분할 주입하는 방법과 1회에 일괄적으로 처리하는 2가지 방법을 적용하였다. 그 결과 뿌리에 축적된 Pb의 농도는 control(164.7 mg/kg)에 비하여 PSM 처리구(M)는 2.6배, EDTA 분할처리구(ES)는 3.0배, EDTA 일괄처리구(E)는 3.3배가 증가하였고, 줄기에서는 control(8.1 mg/kg)에 비하여 M 처리구는 27배, ES 처리구는 37배, E 처리구 40배가 증가하였다. 뿌리로부터 지상부로 이동한 납의 비율은 control에서 0.06이지만, E 및 ES 처리구는 0.6, M 처리구는 0.5로 큰 차이가 없었다. Pb 제거량은 E 처리구가 많았고, EDTA의 연직이동은 ES 처리구에서 큰 것으로 나타나, 식물수확기 전에 EDTA를 일괄주입하는 방안이 효율적인 것으로 판명되었다. PSM 처리는 EDTA보다 Pb 제거량은 낮았지만 Pb의 식물섭취가 증가하였고, 식물의 성장 및 토양 내 미생물 활성도를 증진하는 장점이 있어 유독한 EDTA를 대체할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2001

침엽수림과 활엽수림의 산불지역에서 토양환경의 회복과정을 살펴보기 위해, 산불발생 후 시간이 경과함에 따른 토양화학적 성질과 토양미생물 변화를 조사하였다. 활엽수림인 삼신봉 지역 산화지에서의 산불직후 토양의 화학적 성질은 pH 5.8, 유기물량 7.42%, 전질소량 0.37%, 유효인산량 28.5 mg/kg, 치환성양이온인 $K^{＋}$이 1.3 me/100g, $Ca^{＋＋}$이 13.3 me/100g, $Mg^{＋＋}$이 2.2 me/100g로 나타났으나 시간이 경과할수록 감소하는 경향이었으며, 비산화지에서는 시간 경과에 따른 변화폭이 적었다. 침엽수림인 촛대산 산불지역에서 산불직후 토양의 화학적 성질은 pH 5.3, 유기물량 6.42%, 전질소량 0.25%, 유효인산량 24.4 mg/kg, 치환성양이온인 $K^{＋}$이 0.7 me/100g, $Ca^{＋＋}$이 3.7 me/100g, $Mg^{＋＋}$이 2.1 me/100g로 각각 나타났으며, 시간이 경과할수록 역시 감소하는 경향 이었다. 활엽수림 인 삼신봉 산불지역의 토양미생물은 호기성균 291$\times$$10^4$ CFU균, 방선균 523$\times$$10^4$ CFU균, 진균 691$\times$$10^4$ CFU균으로 진균의 개체수가 비교적 높게 나타났으며, 비산불지역에서는 호기성균 160$\times$$10^4$ CFU균, 방선균 745$\times$$10^4$ CFU균, 진균 594$\times$$10^4$ CFU균으로 방선균의 개체수가 높게 나타났다. 침엽수림인 촛대산 산불지역에서는 호기성균 350$\times$$10^4$ CFU균, 방선균 434$\times$$10^4$ CFU균, 진균 676$\times$$10^4$ CFU균으로 진균의 개체수가 비교적 높게 나타났으며, 비산불지역에서는 호기성균 328$\times$$10^4$ CFU균, 방선균 319$\times$$10^4$ CFU균, 진균 461$\times$$10^4$ CFU균으로 진균의 개체수가 높게 나타났다. 토양미생물은 호기성균, 방선균, 진균 모두 비산불지역 보다 산불지역에서 많이 나타났다. 본 조사지역에서 호기성균은 활엽수림보다 침엽수림에서 많게 나타났으며, 방선균과 진균은 침엽수림보다 활엽수림에서 많이 나타났다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제41권11호
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• pp.302-309
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• 2017

Background: Large-scale land-use change is being caused by various socioeconomic problems. Land-use change is necessarily accompanied by changes in the regional carbon balance in terrestrial ecosystems and affects climate change. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the correlation between environmental factors altered by land-use change and the carbon balance. To address this issue, we studied the characteristics of soil carbon flux and soil moisture content related to rainfall events in mountain pastures converted from deciduous forest in Korea. Results: The average soil moisture contents (SMC) during the study period were 23.1% in the soil respiration (SR) plot and 25.2% in the heterotrophic respiration (HR) plot. The average SMC was increased to 2.1 and 1.1% in the SR and HR plots after rainfall events, respectively. In addition, saturated water content was 29.36% in this grassland. The soil water content was saturated under the consistent rainfall of more than $5mm\;h^{-1}$ rather than short-term heavy rainfall event. The average SR was increased to 28.4% after a rainfall event, but the average HR was decreased to 70. 1%. The correlation between soil carbon flux rates and rainfall was lower than other environmental factors. The correlation between SMC and soil carbon flux rates was low. However, HR exhibited a tendency to be decreased when SMC was 24.5%. In addition, the correlation between soil temperature and respiration rate was significant. Conclusions: In a mountain pasture ecosystem, rainfall induced the important change of soil moisture content related to respiration in soil. SR and HR were very sensitive to change of SMC in soil surface layer about 0-10-cm depth. SR was increased by elevation of SMC due to a rainfall event, and the result was assumed from maintaining moderate soil moisture content for respiration in microorganism and plant root. However, HR was decreased in long-time saturated condition of soil moisture content. Root has obviously contributed to high respiration in heavy rainfall, but it was affected to quick depression in respiration under low rainfall. The difference of SMC due to rainfall event was causative of a highly fluctuated soil respiration rate in the same soil temperature condition. Therefore, rainfall factor or SMC are to be considered in predicting the soil carbon flux of grassland ecosystems for future climate change.