• 제목/요약/키워드: microbiological distribution

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Effects of Environmental Factors on Aeromonas spp. Population in Naktong Estuary (낙동강 하구 생태계의 환경요인과 Aeromonas spp. 분포와의 관계)

  • 전도용;권오섭;하영칠
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.391-397
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    • 1989
  • Population of Aeromonas and environmental parameters were investigated at three sites from August 1986, to December, 1986 in Naktong Estuary. The variation range of Aeromonas was $4.3\times10^{2}-4.6\times 10^{4}$ MPN/100ml. The result of ANOVA indicates significant differences among the populations of Aeromonas in each site. The highest population of Aeromonas occurred at site 2, and the lowest at site 3-B. To scrutinize the effects of environmental parameters on the distribution of Aeromonas spp, principal component analysis and multiple stepwise regression were used. The results showed that distribution of Aeromonas spp. was mainly influenced by outflow of freshwater and inflow of inorganic nutrients and correlated with heterotrophic bacteria, available nitrogen, fecal coliform bacteria, and temperature.

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Pharmacokinetics and Tissue distribution of DWP20373, a Novel Fluoroquinolone, in Rats and Beagle Dogs (신규 플르오로퀴놀롤계 항생물질인 DWP20373의 흰쥐 및 개에서의 체내동태와 조직분포)

  • 조재열;한승희;김병오;남권호;김지연;유영호;이재욱;박명환;김재환
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.179-186
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    • 1997
  • The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of DWP20373, a novel fluoroquinolone, were examined in rats and beagle dogs after a single intravenous and oral administration. Analysis of DWP20373 in plasma, tissue, and urine was performed by both HPLC and microbiological assay. The plasma drug concentration declined biexponentially both rats and beagle dogs. In the rats, the terminal drug elimination half-life (t$_{1}$2$\beta$/) was 64 min (IV) and 57 min (PO) by bioassay, and 76 min (IV) and 77 min (PO) by HPLC. Whereas in beagle dogs, t$_{1}$2$\beta$/ was 196 min (IV) and 350 min (PO). The volume of distribution at steady-state (Vd$_{ss}$ ) was 811 ml/kg (bioassay) and 2061 ml/kg (HPLC) in rats, and 2738 ml/kg (bioassay) in beagle dogs. The total body clearance (Cl$_{t}$) of DWP20373 was 10 ml/min/kg (bioassay) and 7 ml/min/kg (HPLC) in rats, and 11 m1/min/kg (bioassay) in beagle dogs. The extent of bioavailability after oral administration was 49% (bioassay) and 67% (HPLC) in rats, and 84% (bioassay) in beagle dogs. The 24-h urinary recovery, measured by bioassay, was 2.7% after oral dosing and 5.5% after intravenous dosing in rats. Serum protein binding ratio determined at 27g/ml was 78%. This drug was also distributed in tissues in the decreasing order of liver, kidney, spleen, lung, heart, and muscle determined at 30 min after oral administration.on.

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Microbiological Safety During Delivering of Food Ingredients Supplied to Elementary School Food Services in Daegu and Gyeongbuk Provinces -Seafood, Meat and Frozen Processing Food- (대구.경북지역 학교 급식에 공급되는 식재료의 유통단계별 미생물 평가 - 어육류, 냉동가공 제품 -)

  • Kim, Yun-Hwa;Ryu, Kyung;Lee, Yeon-Kyung
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.276-285
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    • 2009
  • This study evaluated the microbiological quality and safety of food items(seafood, meat, eggs, and frozen food) supplied to elementary school food services, during delivery, and analyzed the distribution/delivery system. To this end, 10 food items supplied by 13 factories in Daegu and Gyeongbuk were chosen for study. Beef and pork were delivered directly to schools in freezer vans. Seafood, chicken, and frozen food were delivered to schools by refrigerated vans(${\leq}10^{\circ}C$) that made other delivery stops before arriving at schools. After food was delivered to schools, total bacterial counts and coliforms(respectively) were as follows: mackerel($2.0{\times}10^2-3.2{\times}10^5$, $<5-4.0{\times}10^3CFU/g$), common squid($2.5{\times}10^4-6.6{\times}10^5$, $1.6{\times}10^2-6.0{\times}10^3CFU/g$), shellfish($3.2{\times}10^5-1.7{\times}10^3$, $4.0{\times}10^3-3.0{\times}10\;CFU/g$), boiled fish paste($1.9{\times}10^4$, <5 CFU/g), beef($9.2{\times}10^2-6.4{\times}10^4$, $<5-2.0{\times}10\;CFU/g$), pork($2.6{\times}10^3-1.3{\times}10^6$, $<5-2.7{\times}10^2CFU/g$), chicken($1.0{\times}10^4$, $2.4{\times}10^2CFU/g$), egg($<5-2.3{\times}10^2$, <5 CFU/g), frozen mandu($3.2{\times}10^3-9.5{\times}10^4$, <5 CFU/g), and frozen noodles($<5-9.0{\times}10$, <5 CFU/g). Bacillus cereus($2.0{\times}10\;CFU/g$) and E. coli($1.0{\times}10\;CFU/g$) were detected on shellfish, and Staphylococcus aureuswas detected on pork($3.1{\times}10\;CFU/g$) and chicken($7.8{\times}10\;CFU/g$). Most food items were double-wrapped in vinyl and placed in corrugated cardboard boxes prior to delivery, and the boxes weremixed with other food items when they were put in the vans. There was no cross-contamination during distribution. However, total shellfish bacterial counts increased slightly. These results indicate that foods need to be completely pasteurized during processing. Frozen food items should not be mixed and should be delivered by freezer vans(${\leq}4^{\circ}C$). The number of stops made during distribution/delivery should be reduced.

A Study on the Widal Test (Widal Test에 관한 연구)

  • Cho, Yong-Chu
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.17-19
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    • 1975
  • Widal Test has been performed on the patients of 1052 admitted with suspicious typhoid for 5 years (Jan. '68 Dec. '72) White blood cell count, Hematocrit and Bacterial cultures are compared with widal titer and found a slight atypical variation from the characteristic pattern of it. 1. There is frequency distribution on the age of 20-40 yrs. as far as social activity concerned. (Table 1) 2. A slight leukopenia exists on the high titer of it but no definite pattern has been found. 3. S. Typhi has been grown on the low titer of it but no growth on the high titer. 4. It ia the most important in public health view point (no definite clinical symptom, Hematological, Serological, Microbiological characteristics.)

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Diversity of Yeasts Associated with Natural Environments in Korea

  • Hong, Soon-Gyu;Lee, Kang-Hyun;Bae, Kyung-Sook
    • Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.40 no.1
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    • pp.55-62
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    • 2002
  • Biodiversity af yeasts in various natural environments including soils, swamps and plants was investigated. By molecular identification methods based on the partial sequences of 265 rDNA, 69 isolates were assigned to 44 taxa including 27 known species. The remaining 17 taxa could potentially form new species. All of them were classified into Ascomycota, Hymenomycetes, Urediniomycetes and Ustilaginomycetes. Ascomycetous and ustilaginomycetous yeasts were generally isolated from flower samples, and hymenomycetous and urediniomycetous yeasts were generally isolated from soil samples. Distribution of yeast groups exhibited geographical variation. Yeast biodiversity of root sail also varied according to the associated plant species.

Distribution of abiontic carboxymethylcellulase in relation to microbial growth and activity in forest soils (산림토양내 carboxymethylcellulase의 분포와 미생물의 생장 및 활성과의 상관에 대하여)

  • 이영하;하영칠;홍순우
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.147-156
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    • 1985
  • Seasonal and vertical variations of abiontic soil carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) activities were assessed every other month for a year in two contrasting forest soils and evaluated the relationships between soil CMCase activity and environmental parameters. In climax deciduous soil, variations in CMCase activities caused by differences in sampling time were greater than those caused by differences in soil depth. On the other hand, counter phenomenon was obserned in coniferous soil at the stage of development. Correlation analyses showed that soil CMCase activities were significantly (p>0.01) correlated with microbial respiration rates ($O_2$ uptake) and all of the microbial population sizes. From these results, it is suggested that determination of abiontic soil CMCase activity is an useful additional index for evaluating the overall microbial growth and activity in soils.

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Molecular Biological Characteristics of Ustilago maydis Virus Isolated in Korea

  • Won, Yie-Se;Choi, Hyoung-Tae
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.177-180
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    • 1992
  • Among 120 U. maydis strains isolated in Korea 14 different strains containing specific viral dsRNA segments were analyzed for the distribution of dsRNA and the production of toxin protein. Several distinctive dsRNA patterns were identified, 9 cases of P type with typical H, M and L ds RNA and one case of non-P-type, the frequency of a specific isolate was decreased with increasing number of dsRNA segments. The presence of dsRNA had no effect on the cultural or morphological phenotype of the host. Two isolates containing P type dsRNA segments appeared to produce toxin protein (killer strains) which inhibited the growth of 4 isolates (sensitive strain) with different susceptibility. Two killer strains contain unique M dsRNA segment which may code for toxin protein. However, the presence of toxin-sensitive strains among dsRNA-free isolates was similar to that of ds RNA containing strains.

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Induction of Mitotic Recombination by Chemical Agents in Aspergillus nidulans (Aspergillus nidulans에 있어서 체세포 재조합의 유발에 화학물질이 미치는 영향)

  • 송재만;강현삼
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.137-151
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    • 1979
  • Germinating conidia of Aspergillus nidulans diploid heterozygous for color and other genetic markers were used to direct and distinguish genetic events such as mutation, mitotic crossingover and nondisjunction in a single test after treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NG), mitomycin C(MC), and chloral hydrate(CH). The following results were obtained : 1. NG reduced the survival of conidia and increased the frequencies of miototic segregants about sevenfoli over the control ; among the mitotic segregants the predominant genetic event was mitotic crossingover. NG also produced many abnormal colonies, which appeared to be of the types caused by induced semidominant lethals or chromosomal aberrations, and the aneuploid types found spontaneously. 2. After treatment with MC the survival of conidia was reduced but few abnormal colonies were produced. The frequencies of miotic segregants were increased about threefold over the control ; in the mitotic segeregants the induced genetic event was mitotic crossingover. 3. CH gave no apparent effect on the survival of conidia and the frequencies of mitotic segregants. However, CH generated abnormal colonies, very greatly, which turned out to be of the aneuploid types. This result suggests that CH interferes with the normal distribution of chromosomes in mitosis.

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Relative Level of Sucrose Metabilizing Enzymes in Oral Streptococci (구강 Streptococci가 가진 Sucrose 대사 효소의 활성도의 비교)

  • 최선진
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.137-141
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    • 1981
  • Occurrence and distribution of sucrose metabolizing enzymes in oral streptococci had been studied. In these studies, the carbohydrate component of the culture medium had been glucose. I have extended these studies by analyzing bacterial culture supernatants for the relative content of hexosyltransferases, namely glucosyl and fructosyltransferase. As a carbohydrate, fructose was used. The growth measured for nine oral streptococci (Strptococcus mutans strains BHT, ING, AHT, 6715, LM-7, and SL-1 ; Streptococcus sanguis 903, 9811, and M-5) varied. The level of glucosyltansferase activity also varied among S. mutans strains, and its level in S. sanguis was relatively low. Fructosyltansferase activity of the various strains fluctuated more than of glucosyltransferase. S.mutans strain LM-7 had significantly higher level of both enzymes. As a whole, fructose-grown cultures had generally an agreeable trend of enzyme activity to those from glucose-grown cultures.

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Retort Processing of Packaged Foods (포장식품의 레토르트 공정)

  • Chung, Dong-Hwa
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.59-65
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    • 2007
  • Packaged food products often undergo retort processing, a thermal processing in a pressurized vessel called a retort, to ensure their microbiological safety or shelf-stability under normal non-refrigerated conditions of storage and distribution. Retort processing is generally aimed to accomplish commercial sterility of packaged foods with acceptable nutritional and sensorial qualities. Fundamental principles on retort processing, such as thermal resistance kinetics of target microorganism, heat penetration theory, and methods for evaluating process sterility and food quality loss, were reviewed. Factors affecting process severity, heat transfer mechanism, and heat penetration efficiency were summarized. General features of retortable packaging formats including metal cans, glass jars, and plastic packages were also briefly reviewed.

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