• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.203-212
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• 1988

To find antitumor components from the higher fungi of Korea, the mycelia of Favolus alveolarius (Fr.) Quelet were cultured in a liquid medium. The cultured mycelia were extracted with hot water twice, and a high molecular weight fraction was obtained by adding two volumes of ethanol to the extract. Two grams of Fraction A were obtained by dialyzing it. It was further separated into four fractions by gel filtration with Sepharose CL-4B, and they were designated Fractions B, C, D, and E. The results of the antitumor test showed that Fractions A, B, C, D and E had tumor inhibition ratios of 92.3, 78.5, 59.6, 77.4 and 62.2%, respectively. Anthrone test was carried out to determine the contents of total polysaccharide of the five fractions, and they had 46.3, 27.3, 65.3, 64.6, and 46.1%, respectively. The contents of the total protein of the five fractions were 29.4, 13.9, 14.3, 14.3, and 29.1%, respectively. Monosaccharide subunits of each fraction were analyzed with gas chromatography, and glucose, xylose, mannose, galactose and fucose were identified. Fraction A was examined for immunological effects. It increased the count of hemolytic plaque forming cells 12.8 times to that of the control group, and the population of macrophage in peritoneal cavity 3.2 times to that of the control group.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.138-147
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• 2010

소나무재선충에 대한 살선충 활성을 나타내는 Micromonospora sp. AW050027 균주를 최적의 배지에서 배양한 미생물배양액을 제제하여 포트 및 포장에서 살선충 효과를 확인하였다. 최적화된 배지조성은 리터당 glycerol 10 g, soybean meal 10 g, NaCl 1 g, $CaCO_3$ 2 g, $K_2HPO_4$ 0.125 g 이었으며, 활성균주를 배양하여 농축한 후 액상 및 분말 미생물제제를 제조하였다. 제제에는 소나무재선충 공생미생물에 대하여 가장 효과적으로 항균활성을 나타내는 kanamycin을 첨가하여 사용하였다. 포트시험, 예비포장 시험 및 본포장 시험을 통하여 소나무재선충 방제효과를 확인한 결과, 액상제제를 수간수사하여 처리한 경우 1회처리시 고사율 53%, 5회 분할처리시 28%로 분할처리가 1회처리보다 2배 가량 효과적이었고, 배양농축액을 분할처리한 경우에서는 대조구의 고사율 100%에 대하여 고사율 10% 이내로 가장 낮게 나타났다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.373-376
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• 2010

본 연구는 국내에서의 가정내 냉장고 온도에 대한 조사를 수행하여, 현 시점에서의 냉장고에서의 식품보관 온도분포를 추정하였고, 이를 MRA(미생물 위해평가: Microbial risk assessment)의 입력변수로 활용할 수 있도록 적정 확률분포 모델을 제시하였다. 일반적으로 가정내 냉장고에서의 식품 보관온도는 식중독 발생 등에서 있어 중요한 위해인자로 작용하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 조사대상 가구는 총 139가구이었으며, 조사기간은 2009년 5월에서부터 9월까지 data logger를 이용하여 측정하였다. 조사된 냉장고 온도의 평균은 $3.53{\pm}2.96^{\circ}C$로, $5^{\circ}C$ 이상은 23.6%로 나타났다. 수집된 온도자료는 @RISK를 이용, 적합성 검정(GOF: K-S와 AD test)을 수행하여 적정 확률분포모델에 대해 추정하였고, 이중 LogLogistic(-10.407, 13.616, 8.6107)분포 모델이 가장 적절한 국내에서의 가정내 냉장고 식품보관 온도분포 모델로 나타났다. 이 확률분포 모델은 MRA적용에 있어 노출평가에서 입력변수로서 직접적 활용이 가능하다고 할 수 있겠다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.746-750
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• 1999

본 실험은 전자선조사가 돈육등심의 미생물학적 관능적 특성에 영향을 미치는 연구로써 돈육등심부위를 사용하여 호기적 조건하에서 폴리에틸렌 필름으로 포장하여 전자선 가속기를 이용(1 MeV) 총 흡수선량이 0.5, 1, 2 kGy가 되도록 하여 $4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$에서 저장하며 실험을 수행하였다. 전자선 조사선량의 증가가 총균수, 내냉성균수 그리고 젖산균수의 억제 효과를 보였다. 관능검사에 있어 삼점검사의 경우 전자선량의 증가하여도 처리구간의 식별강도가 낮게 나타났으며, 척도 묘사의 경우 신선육의 향기, 불쾌취, 육색 그리고 기호성에 별 영향이 없었으며, 조리육에 있어도 약간의 연도와 다즙성의 저하를 가져왔으나 향기, 풍미, 불쾌취, 기호성에 별영향을 미치지 않았다. 이상을 종합해 볼 때, 전자선에 대한 소비자들의 인식을 새롭게만 한다면 1 kGy 이하로 조사할 경우 위생적으로 저장기간을 연장시킬 수 있는 신선 돈육의 생산이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.760-766
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• 2016

To increase the collagen recovery rate, bromelain (PB) and a microbial enzyme (PM) were used to treat to pork skin with single agent or combinations. The quality of collagen from the pork skin was evaluated by enzymatic treatments. The highest results for the solid contents and pork skin recovery rate obtained with the microbial-enzyme-bromelain mixtue (PMB) were 13.60% and 18.05% respectively. The result also showed that the color was affected by different types of enzyme treatments. Although PM treatment showed the highest result in the protein content of 251.30 mg/100 g, PMB treatment was the highest in the test of collagen content of 37.73 g/100 g among the treatments. However bands of the pork skin were detected widely at 130 kDa and 170 kDa ranges in SDS-PAGE. The band of PB treatment showed at the range of below 17 kDa, changed into a smaller molecular weight. The collagen content test of the pork skin by the treatments, collagen contents with combination treatment of pork skin with PMB (0.5%) resulted the highest in 43.76 g/100 g. Also the fat content at the above treatment was reduced to 11.12% compared to the other treatments. With these results of this experiment, we conclude that the enzymatic treatments were effective for the processing property of pork skin like enhancing the yield of collagen.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2017

Purpose: Morphological properties of soybean roots are important indicators of the vigor of the seed, which determines the survival rate of the seedlings grown. The current vigor test for soybean seeds is manual measurement with the human eye. This study describes an application of a machine vision technique for rapid measurement of soybean seed vigor to replace the time-consuming and labor-intensive conventional method. Methods: A CCD camera was used to obtain color images of seeds during germination. Image processing techniques were used to obtain root segmentation. The various morphological parameters, such as primary root length, total root length, total surface area, average diameter, and branching points of roots were calculated from a root skeleton image using a customized pixel-based image processing algorithm. Results: The measurement accuracy of the machine vision system ranged from 92.6% to 98.8%, with accuracies of 96.2% for primary root length and 96.4% for total root length, compared to manual measurement. The correlation coefficient for each measurement was 0.999 with a standard error of prediction of 1.16 mm for primary root length and 0.97 mm for total root length. Conclusions: The developed machine vision system showed good performance for the morphological measurement of soybean roots. This image analysis algorithm, combined with a simple color camera, can be used as an alternative to the conventional seed vigor test method.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.222-233
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was the improvement and modification of the HACCP verification checklist in school foodservices. For this, the HACCP verification checklist was modified on the basis of an existing school foodservice format. The modified checklist was composed of 28 items, including CCPs (critical control points), microbial test, and other components of the HACCP system than CCPs. To confirm the suitability of the modified checklist, comparisons were made based on the microbiological quality of cooked foods, utensils, and number of aerial microbes in the working area. In this study, the applicability of the modified checklist was determined by focusing on cooked squid with seasoned fresh vegetables (Ojingeochaesomoochim). The following results were obtained from 14 schools in Changwon. The checklist scores for maintaining hot foods over $60^{\circ}C$ or serving within 2 hours, microbial tests of drinking water, food contact surfaces and cooking utensils, monitoring tools, and usage of suitable sanitizers were 2 points each (The possible highest score is 2 points). On the contrary, the checklist score for microbial test of cooked foods was the lowest of all the items. The correlation coefficient (r) between the improved checklist and microbiological quality of cooked foods was 0.699 (P<0.01), whereas that between the improved checklist and microbiological quality of cooking utensils was 0.612 (P<0.05). The correlation coefficient between the improved checklist and aerial plate count in the working area was -0.556 (P<0.05). Our results indicate the potential possibility of using the HACCP verification checklist in school foodservices.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.397-404
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• 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate microbial contamination in the school food service environment for the assessment of microbial food safety. Methods: We collected both swab samples from tables and desks and airborne bacterial samples from an elementary school (School A) and a high school (School B). Heterotrophic plate count, total coliform, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus were measured with selective media to quantify microbial concentration. PCR assay targeting 16S rRNA genes was performed to identify the strains of S. aureus and B. cereus isolated. In addition, we made a food service checklist for the locations to evaluate the food service environment. A Wilcoxon test was employed to examine the differences in microbial concentration between before lunchtime and afterwards. Results: Heterotrophic plate counts showed higher levels after-lunch compared to before-lunch at School B. However, levels of S. aureus were higher in the after-lunch period (p<0.05) in both classrooms and in the cafeteria in School A. B. cereus was only sparsely detected in School B. Several samples from food dining carts were found to be contaminated with bacteria, and facilities associated with food delivery were found to be vulnerable to bacterial contamination. Although microbial concentrations in the air showed little difference between before- and after-lunchtime in the cafeteria in School A, those in classrooms were greater after-lunchtime at both schools. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the microbial safety in schools after lunchtime of concern. Necessary preventive measures such as hygiene education for students and food handlers should be required to minimize microbial contamination during food service processes in schools.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.200-207
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• 1997

우리 나라 논 토양 환경의 생물학적 특성을 파악하기 위하여 전국 13개 농업기후지대별 63개 지점의 이앙전 무담수 논 토양의 표토를 채취하여 주요 토양 미생물의 밀도 및 다양성을 조사하였다. 농업기후지대별 전국 평균치 이상의 미생물 종류는 북부지방 보다는 남부지방일 수록 많았으며, 검정된 미생물중 지역간 차가 가장 큰 균은 형광성 Pseudomonas 속이었다. 지형간 미생물 밀도는 호기성 세균, 형광성 Pseudomonas 속과 Azotobacter 속등이 하해혼성지에서, 토성간에는 사상균이 식토에서, Bacillus 속, Azotobacter 속 그리고 탈질균은 식양토에서 유의적으로 가장 높았다. 한편 Azotobacter 속과 암모니아 산화세균의 밀도는 토양 pH가 높아 질수록 증가하였다. Bacillus 속, 형광성 Pseudomonas 속, Azotobacter속, 탈질균, 암모니아 산화균, 아질산산화균, 방선균 및 사상균등을 요인으로 한 미생물 다양성 지수의 지역간 최소 값은 0.109, 최대 값은 0.661 이었다. 지형별 다양성 지수는 하해혼성지가 0.332, 홍적대지 0.335, 하성평탄지 0.432 그리고 곡간선상지 0.447이었으며, 토성별 다양성지수는 사질 0.443, 사양질 0.427, 미사식양질 0.414, 식양질 0.405 그리고 식질토양이 0.362로 사질토양일수록 증가하는 경향이었다.

• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2002년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.22-26
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• 2002

There are a number of ways in which environmental microbiology and microbial ecology will benefit from DNA micro array technology. These include community genome arrays, SSU rDNA arrays, environmental functional gene arrays, population biology arrays, and there are clearly more different applications of microarray technology that can be applied to relevant problems in environmental microbiology. Two types of the applications, bacterial identification chip and functional gene detection chip, will be presented. For the bacterial identification chip, a new approach employing random genome fragments that eliminates the disadvantages of traditional DNA-DNA hybridization is proposed to identify and type bacteria based on genomic DNA-DNA similarity. Bacterial genomes are fragmented randomly, and representative fragments are spotted on a glass slide and then hybridized to test genomes. Resulting hybridization profiles are used in statistical procedures to identify test strains. Second, the direct binding version of microarray with a different array design and hybridization scheme is proposed to quantify target genes in environmental samples. Reference DNA was employed to normalize variations in spot size and hybridization. The approach for designing quantitative microarrays and the inferred equation from this study provide a simple and convenient way to estimate the target gene concentration from the hybridization signal ratio.