• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.243-249
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• 2001

Thirty six barrows with an initial body weight of 28 kg were used to determine the effect of two dietary Se sources and a wide range of Se levels encompassing 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, and 10.0 mg/kg Se. The organic Se form was a Se-enriched yeast product, whereas the inorganic Se source was sodium selenite. The experiment was a $2{\times}6$ RCB design conducted in three replicates. Each barrow was placed in an individual metabolism crate and provided their dietary treatment and water on an ad libitum basis for a minimum 2 wk period, whereupon feed intake was adjusted to a constant intake within replicate at approximately 90% of intake for a 4 d adjustment period. Urine and feces were subsequently collected for a 7 d period and analyzed for Se and minerals. The results demonstrated that urinary Se was approximately 25% higher when pigs were fed sodium selenite (p<0.01), whereas fecal Se was lower by 25% (p<0.01). Se retention tended to be higher when organic Se was provided (p>0.15). Urinary Se increased as dietary Se level increased for both Se sources but increased more and at a high rate when sodium selenite was fed resulting in an interaction response (p<0.01). Fecal Se increased linearly as the dietary level of both Se sources increased, but the fecal Se from organic Se increased at a faster rate resulting in an interaction response (p<0.01). Se retention increased linearly (p<0.01) as dietary Se increased for both Se sources. The apparent digestibility of Se increased by Se level when pigs were fed sodium selenite, but not when the organic Se source was provided resulting in an interaction response (p<0.05). Retention of consumed Ca, Zn increased when pigs were fed organic Se (p<0.05) whereas P and Na retention were higher when the inorganic Se was provided. Mineral retention was not affected by dietary Se level except P. These results suggest that Se excretion by urine was the main route of excretion when pigs were fed sodium selenite but the fecal route when Se-enriched yeast was provided. The excretion of Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu via urine and feces was not affected by high dietary Se level or dietary Se sources.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.433-443
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• 2020

Objective : Osteoporosis is a disease of unbalanced bone metabolism that results in low bone mineral density with increased bone fragility and propensity for fractures. The increased rate of bone fracture due to osteoporosis places a significant burden on public health care expenditures. Therefore, numerous studies have been designed and performed to identify the drugs or health foods that can improve the bone quality or quantity. This study was designed to evaluate and analyze the therapeutic effects of rutin on histomorphometric values of the spine and femur in an osteoporotic mouse model induced by bilateral ovariectomy. Methods : Thirty female ICR mice (8 weeks old) underwent either a sham operation (only abdominal incision, sham group, n=10) or bilateral ovariectomy (n=20). The ovariectomized (OVX) animals were randomly divided into two groups : untreated OVX group (OVX-C, n=10), or rutin-administered group (OVX-R, n=10). The OVX-C group received weight-adjusted doses of saline vehicle and the OVX-R group received 50 mg/kg of rutin intraperitoneally, starting 1 day after surgery. At 4 and 8 weeks after surgery, serum estrogen, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the telopeptide fragment of type I collagen C-terminus (CTX-1) were analyzed. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were also analyzed. Bone histomorphometric parameters of the 4th lumbar vertebra and femur were determined by micro-computed tomography. Results : In OVX-C group, ALP, osteocalcin, CTX-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were significantly increased at 4 and 8 weeks compared to sham operation group. Rutin administration after OVX statistically significantly reduced ALP, CTX-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels at 4 and 8 weeks. Rutin administration also improves bone histomorphometric parameters including trabecular bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, and trabecular number. Trabecular separation was also decreased in OVX-R group compared to OVX-C group. Conclusion : The present study demonstrated that rutin has therapeutic effects on improving bone histomorphometric values in an OVX mouse model. The improvement in histomorphometric values may be associated with the reduction of osteoclastic activity via inhibition of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. In future studies, the mechanism for the effect of rutin on osteoporosis should be demonstrated more clearly to use rutin in human osteoporosis.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2016

As a degenerative joint disease, osteoarthritis (OA) constitutes a major cause of disability that seriously affects the quality of life of a large population of people worldwide. However, effective treatment that can successfully reverse OA progression is lacking until now. The present study aimed to determine whether two small non-coding RNAs miR-29a and miR-140, which are significantly down-regulated in OA, can be applied together as potential therapeutic targets for OA treatment. MiRNA synergy score was used to screen the miRNA pairs that potentially synergistically regulate OA. An in vitro model of OA was established by treating murine chondrocytes with IL-$1{\beta}$. Transfection of miR-29a and miR-140 via plasmids was investigated on chondrocyte proliferation and expression of nine genes such as ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5, ACAN, COL2A1, COL10A1, MMP1, MMP3, MMP13 and TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP1). Western blotting was used to determine the protein expression level of MMP13 and TIMP1, and ELISA was used to detect the content of type II collagen. Combined use of miR-29a and miR-140 successfully reversed the destructive effect of IL-$1{\beta}$ on chondrocyte proliferation, and notably affected the MMP13 and TIMP1 gene expression that regulates extracellular matrix. Although co-transfection of miR-29a and miR-140 did not show a synergistic effect on MMP13 protein expression and type II collagen release, but both of them can significantly suppress the protein abundance of MMP13 and restore the type II collagen release in IL-$1{\beta}$ treated chondrocytes. Compared with single miRNA transfection, cotransfection of both miRNAs exceedingly abrogated the suppressed the protein production of TIMP1 caused by IL-$1{\beta}$, thereby suggesting potent synergistic action. These results provided1novel insights into the important function of miRNAs' collaboration in OA pathological development. The reduced MMP13, and enhanced TIMP1 protein production and type II collagen release also implies that miR-29a and miR-140 combination treatment may be a possible treatment for OA.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.433-442
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• 2018

In this study, metal properties were compared by preparingthree iron knives from steel ingots produced via traditional iron-making, and ingot which jointed the steel of modern times. Metal microscope and SEM-EDS analysis revealed fine ferrite and pearlite structures of the hypo-eutectoid steel of Fe-C alloys. All samples also exhibited martensite on the blade of the knife. By Vicker's hardness analysis, the hardness of the sand iron knife (K1) was 533.38 HV, sand iron-nickel steel knife (K3) was 514.8 HV, and sand iron-carbon steel knife (K2) was 477.02 HV. The mass reduction due to wear was 0.058% for K1, 0.059% for K3, and 0.144% for K2. EPMA(Electron probe micro-analyzer) analysis of the surface pattern of the specimens confirmed that the patterns were exposed due to differences in the content of C or the chemical composition. Additional research on heat treatment processes is needed to increase the abrasion resistance of blades. Traditional steel ingots could produce high-quality steel if combined with nickel steel.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 2000

Amorphous FeCoSiB films with high saturation magnetostriction and excellent soft magnetic properties have been studied to evaluate their strain sensitivity. Films were subjected to a strain by bending of their substrates, which caused a change in the magnetic anisotropy of films via magnetoelastic coupling. Films were exhibited a figure of merit $F=({\Delta}{\mu}/{\mu})/{\varepsilon}$ (change in film permeability $\mu$ per unit strain $\varepsilon$) of $1.2{\times}10^5$, which is comparable with that of amorphous ribbons. To make a study of application of magnetostrictive films as strain sensor elements, we have prepared a micro-patterned film by means of the photolithography and ion milling processes. Impedance change in the patterned films, when strain was applied, was measured over the frequency range from 1 MHz to 1 GHz. Reflecting a large value of figure of merit F, a variation of 46% impedance of films was shown at 100 MHz frequency when a strain of $300{\times}10^{-6}$ was applied.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.66-71
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• 2011

With the synthesis of hyper crosslinked polymer particle (HCPP), having microporous structure with hydroxyl functional group, synthesized via polymerization reaction consists of three stepssuspension polymerization, hyper crosslinking by Friedel-Craft catalysis and hydrolysis reaction, the effects of the ratio of each monomer, hyper crosslinking conditions and $CO_2$ supercritical drying on the variations of surface morphology, pore size & distribution and BET surface area of HCPP have been investigated. It was observed that the formation of surface crack or fracture of HCPP was intimately related with the degree of hyper crosslinking reaction between microphase separated domains. And the value of BET surface area of HCPP increased with the increase of reaction temperature, time and the amounts of solvent used in hyper crosslinking step. Moreover, $CO_2$ supercritical drying was proven to be a very effective method for removing stabilizer, unreacted monomers and oligomers from HCPP but needed to add methanol as a co-solvent for efficient removing of residual catalyst.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.207-214
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate changes in the main volatile flavor components of oriental melon during the process of alcohol fermentation via SPME (solid phase micro extraction). The flavor components of oriental melon were shown to have mainly included melon and green flavors. The green flavor was identified to be nonanal, 1-butanol, 1-octen-2-ol and benzene, and its relative concentration was shown to be 16.66%. The nonanal concentration was shown to have been reduced among the green-flavor components, but no significant change in remaining components was observed. Mainly, sweet flavor tended to increase, and the relative concentration of benzene was particularly shown to have increase by 25.58%, accounting for the highest relative concentration. The amount of green-flavor components, except for 1-butanol, was shown to have significantly decrease after alcohol fermentation. Then, no component of green-flavor, which causes an offensive smell, was found during fermentation and aging. Meanwhile, the volatile flavor components, which are consist of acids, were shown to have been produced during alcohol fermentation. In particular, octanoic acid, which causes off-flavor, was shown to be 60.99%, a very high relative concentration during the aging stage. In addition, acetic acid with a pungent sour flavor tended to be produced. A further study on the improvement of flavor in the production of oriental melon wine is required.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.543-549
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• 2016

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be involved in many neurodegenerative diseases. The present study focused on the role of hsa-miR-144-3p in one of the neuro-degenerative diseases, Parkinson's disease (PD). Our study showed a remarkable down-regulation of miR-144-3p expression in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated SH-SY5Y cells. MiR-144-3p was then overexpressed and silenced in human SH-SY5Y cells by miRNA-mimics and miRNA-inhibitor transfections, respectively. Furthermore, ${\beta}$-amyloid precursor protein (APP) was identified as a target gene of miR-144-3p via a luciferase reporter assay. We found that miR-144-3p overexpression significantly inhibited the protein expression of APP. Since mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to be one of the major pathological events in PD, we also focused on the role of miR-144-3p and APP in regulating mitochondrial functions. Our study demonstrated that up-regulation of miR-144-3p increased expression of the key genes involved in maintaining mitochondrial function, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ coactivator-$1{\alpha}$(PGC-$1{\alpha}$), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). Moreover, there was also a significant increase in cellular ATP, cell viability and the relative copy number of mtDNA in the presence of miR-144-3p overexpression. In contrast, miR-144-3p silencing showed opposite effects. We also found that APP overexpression significantly decreased ATP level, cell viability, the relative copy number of mtDNA and the expression of these three genes, which reversed the effects of miR-144-3p overexpression. Taken together, these results show that miR-144-3p plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial function, and its target gene APP is also involved in this process.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.2023-2033
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• 2021

Objective: The present study was conducted to assess the effect of urease inhibitor (hydroquinone [HQ]) and nitrification inhibitor (dicyandiamide [DCD]) on nitrogen (N) use efficiency of pig slurry for perennial ryegrass regrowth yield and its environmental impacts. Methods: A micro-plot experiment was conducted using pig slurry-urea ¹⁵N treated with HQ and/or DCD and applied at a rate of 200 kg N/ha. The flows of N derived from the pig slurry urea to herbage regrowth and soils as well as soil N mineralization were estimated by tracing pig slurry-urea ¹⁵N, and the N losses via ammonia (NH₃), nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission, and nitrate (NO₃^-) leaching were quantified for a 56 d regrowth of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) sward. Results: Herbage dry matter at the final regrowth at 56 d was significantly higher in the HQ and/or DCD applied plots, with a 24.5% to 42.2% increase in ¹⁵N recovery by herbage compared with the control. Significant increases in soil ¹⁵N recovery were also observed in the plots applied with the inhibitors, accompanied by the increased N content converted to soil inorganic N (NH₄⁺+NO₃^-) (17.3% to 28.8% higher than that of the control). The estimated loss, which was not accounted for in the herbage-soil system, was lower in the plots applied with the inhibitors (25.6% on average) than that of control (38.0%). Positive effects of urease and/or nitrification inhibitors on reducing N losses to the environment were observed at the final regrowth (56 d), at which cumulative NH₃ emission was reduced by 26.8% (on average 3 inhibitor treatments), N₂O emission by 50.2% and NO₃^- leaching by 10.6% compared to those of the control. Conclusion: The proper application of urease and nitrification inhibitors would be an efficient strategy to improve the N use efficiency of pig slurry while mitigating hazardous environmental impacts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.713-718
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• 2018

In many previous studies, monte carlo simulation is used to produce lead-free shielding sheet, and the possibility of radiation shielding capability and weight reduction is presented. But it is difficult to simulation for binder and micro-pores because of In fact it does not provide sufficient information necessary for the commercialization process. Therefore, in this paper, the results of radiation shielding capability corresponding to filling factor was presented by using the screen printing method to provide information on gel-paste required for the commercialization process. In this study, the geometric setup for evaluate of radiation shielding ability was designed to comply with IEC 61331-1:2014 and KS A 4025. In addition, radiation irradiation conditions were 100 kVp filtered with 2.0 mmAl total filtration was applied according to KS A 4021 standard. In this study, Pb $1270{\mu}m$, $BaSO_4$ $3035{\mu}m$, $Bi_2O_3$ $1849{\mu}m$ and $WO_3$ $2631{\mu}m$ were analyzed based on ten value layer. Additionally, the filling factor was analyzed as $BaSO_4$ 38.6%, $Bi_2O_3$ 27.1%, $WO_3$ 30.15%. However, in the case of applying low-temperature high-pressure molding in the future, it is expected that the radiation shielding capability can be sufficiently improved by reducing the porosity while increasing the filling factor.