• 제목/요약/키워드: micro-irrigation systems

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점적관개 시설의 관개균일도 및 성능 평가 (Discharge Uniformity and Performance Assessment of Drip Irrigation System)

  • 남원호;최진용;최순군;홍은미;전상호;허승오
    • 한국농공학회논문집
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    • 제54권4호
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    • pp.29-38
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    • 2012
  • Drip irrigation is a affordable irrigation under structured cultivation. Drip irrigation system with high uniformity can be achieved through effective design, maintenance and management of irrigation systems. Nevertheless the design guidelines have not been established for the drip irrigation system products in domestic and imported considering cultivation method and greenhouse environment in Korea. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of drip irrigation system with uniformity through an experiment. The experiment was conducted to study with nine different types of emitters produced in domestic and imported. Hazen-Williams coefficients were also estimated for the drip emitter through hydraulic simulation for design use. It was found that approximately 91.5 % for 10 cm emitter spacing and 96.2 % for 30 cm emitter spacing of statistical uniformity were observed in respectively. Average emission uniformity was decreased as the reduction of emitter spacing. The results would be used in the drip irrigation system design and guideline construction.

Fertirrigation for Vegetables Grown in Greenhouses

  • Putti, Fernando Ferrari;Cremasco, Camila Pires;Filho, Luis Roberto Almeida Gabriel;Reis, Andre Rodrigues Do
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • 제39권4호
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    • pp.400-404
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: Concerns over the quantity of available freshwater for agriculture have triggered the development of technologies intended to increase efficiency of water use, especially with regard to irrigation. A new technique called fertirrigation has been developed to use the same irrigation equipment for fertilization. Methods: Since the above-mentioned technique requires care during installation and use on farms, current analysis focuses on some of its characteristics. Results: High uniformity irrigation systems provide the best distribution of fertilizers, especially when used in combination with drip irrigation or micro-aspersion. The factors purity, compatibility, acidification, salinity, and solubility should be taken into account. Conclusions: Fertirrigation provides a significant increase in productivity as it allows for highly controlled nutrient application during the entire growing season. However, it may cause serious problems if misused or overused.

시설재배용 분수호스 및 점적관수 시스템의 관수균일도 분석 (Discharge Variation of Perforated Hoses and Drip Irrigation Systems for Protected Cultivation)

  • 남상운;김영식
    • 생물환경조절학회지
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.297-302
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    • 2007
  • 점적관수 자재 및 분수호스의 관수균일도 실험결과 사용압력과 배관길이에 따라 유출량의 차이가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 점적관수 중에서는 점적단추의 관수 균일도가 가장 높았고, 점적테잎, 점적호스의 순으로 나타났다. 관의 직경과 길이 및 유량에 따라 다르지만 마찰에 의한 압력손실이 상당히 크므로 점적관수의 사용압력과 배관길이 선택에 주의할 필요가 있다. 제품에 따라 약간의 차이는 있었지만 대체로 점적호스는 50m, 점적테잎은 70m 정도를 최대 배관길이로 제한하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단되었다. 점적단추는 실험에서 설정한 최대길이인 100m까지도 사용이 가능한 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 관수시스템의 압력을 체크하여 충분한 압력을 확보하고 있는지 검토할 필요가 있고, 부족시 별도의 가압펌프를 설치하여 적정압력 범위를 만족할 수 있도록 하며 물구멍이 막히지 않도록 필터를 설치하고 수질을 관리하는 등의 유지관리가 필요한 것으로 판단되었다. 분수호스의 경우에는 균등계수가 매우 낮아 균일한 관수를 기대할 수 없는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 균일한 관수 제어를 필요로 하는 높은 수준의 시설재배에서는 가능한 한 점적관수를 사용하고, 비교적 낮은 수준의 배지수분 관리가 이루어지는 시설재배에서도 분수호스를 이용할 경우 배관길이를 $30{\sim}35m$이내로 제한하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단된다.

기후변화 대응 물 효율성 증대를 위한 스마트 관개기술 연구 (Smart irrigation technique for agricultural water efficiency against climate change)

  • 김민영;전종길;김영진;최용훈
    • 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국수자원학회 2017년도 학술발표회
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    • pp.198-198
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    • 2017
  • Climate change causes unpredictable and erratic climatic patterns which affects crop production in agriculture and threatens public health. To cope with the challenges of climate change, sustainable and sound growth environment for crop production should be secured. Recent attention has been given to the development of smart irrigation system using sensors and wireless network as a solution to achieve water conservation as well as improvement in crop yield and quality with less water and labor. This study developed the smart irrigation technique for farmlands by monitoring the soil moisture contents and real-time climate condition for decision-making support. Central to this design is micro-controller which monitors the farm condition and controls the distribution of water on the farm. In addition, a series of laboratory studies were conducted to determine the optimal irrigation pattern, one time versus plug time. This smart technique allows farmers to reduce water use, improve the efficiency of irrigation systems, produce more yields and better quality of crops, reduce fertilizer and pesticide application, improve crop uniformity, and prevent soil erosion which eventually reduce the nonpoint source pollution discharge into aquatic-environment.

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점적관개용 디스크 여과기의 디스크 홈 단면 형상에 따른 수두 손실 특성 분석 (Analysis of Disk Filter Head Losses due to the Shapes of Disk Grooves in Drip Irrigation System)

  • 정승연;최원;최진용;김마가;이윤희
    • 한국농공학회논문집
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    • 제60권2호
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    • pp.25-36
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    • 2018
  • Drip irrigation system is a low energy cost method which can efficiently save and supply water by dropping water slowly on the crop's root zone during crop growth. In the drip irrigation system, disk filters take an important role to physically remove impurity (inorganic and suspended organic) particles present in agricultural water which can cause emitter clogging. For the purpose, both top-and-bottom surfaces of the disk are grooved in micron size flowing from outside to inside. However, many congested flow paths in disk filter media incur higher head loss of inflow water resulting in relatively decreasing velocities depending on operation time than sand and mesh filters. Therefore, it is important to optimize the structure of disk filter in micro irrigation system. The head loss of disk filter media takes also charge of more than 60 % of total head loss in whole disk filter. This study is to find the appropriate cross-sectional shape of the disk groove to minimize the head loss by executing the experiment. The experiment used three disk filters that have similar filter body but have a half-elliptic and two kinds of triangular cross sections. The experimental results showed that the disk filter with half-elliptic cross sections of disk grooves have less head loss than the disk filter with regular triangular one.

Construction and basic performance test of an ICT-based irrigation monitoring system for rice cultivation in UAE desert soil

  • Mohammod, Ali;Md Nasim, Reza;Shafik, Kiraga;Md Nafiul, Islam;Milon, Chowdhury;Jae-Hyeok, Jeong;Sun-Ok, Chung
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제48권4호
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    • pp.703-718
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    • 2021
  • An irrigation monitoring system is an efficient approach to save water and to provide effective irrigation scheduling for rice cultivation in desert soils. This research aimed to design, fabricate, and evaluate the basic performance of an irrigation monitoring system based on information and communication technology (ICT) for rice cultivation under drip and micro-sprinkler irrigation in desert soils using a Raspberry Pi. A data acquisition system was installed and tested inside a rice cultivating net house at the United Arab Emirates University, Al-Foah, Al-Ain. The Raspberry Pi operating system was used to control the irrigation and to monitor the soil water content, ambient temperature, humidity, and light intensity inside the net house. Soil water content sensors were placed in the desert soil at depths of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 cm. A sensor-based automatic irrigation logic circuit was used to control the actuators and to manage the crop irrigation operations depending on the soil water content requirements. A developed webserver was used to store the sensor data and update the actuator status by communicating via the Pi-embedded Wi-Fi network. The maximum and minimum average soil water contents, ambient temperatures, humidity levels, and light intensity values were monitored as 33.91 ± 2 to 26.95 ± 1%, 45 ± 3 to 24 ± 3℃, 58 ± 2 to 50 ± 4%, and 7160-90 lx, respectively, during the experimental period. The ICT-based monitoring system ensured precise irrigation scheduling and better performance to provide an adequate water supply and information about the ambient environment.

Performance Analysis of Cost Effective Portable Solar Photovoltaic Water Pumping System

  • Parmar, Richa;Banerjee, Chandan;Tripathi, Arun K.
    • Current Photovoltaic Research
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.51-58
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    • 2021
  • Solar water pumping system (SWPS) is reliable and beneficial for Indian farmers in irrigation and crop production without accessing utility. The capability of easy installation and deployment, makes it an attractive option in remote areas without grid access. The selection of portable solar based pumps is pertaining to its longer life and economic viability due to lower running cost. The work presented in this manuscript intends to demonstrate performance analysis of portable systems. Consequent investigation reveals PSWS as the emerging option for rural household and marginal farmers. This can be attributed to the fact that, a considerable portion (around 45.7%) of the country's land is farmland and irrigation options are yet to reach farmers who entirely rely on rain water at present for harvesting of the crops. According to census 2010-2011 tube wells are the main source for irrigation amongst all other sources followed by canals. Out of the total 64.57-million-hectare net irrigation area, 48.16% is accounted by small and marginal holdings, 43.77% by semi-medium and medium holdings, and 8.07% by large holdings. As per 2015-16 census data, nearly 100 million farming households would struggle to make ends meet. The work included in this manuscript, presents the performance of different commercial brands and different technologies of DC surface solar water micro pumping systems have been studied (specifically, the centrifugal and reciprocating type pumps have been considered for analysis). The performance of the pumping systems has been analyzed and data is evaluated in terms of quantity of water impelled for specific head. The reciprocating pump has been observed to deliver the best system efficiency.

충남지방의 시설채소 재배동향과 앞으로의 방향 (Suggestion for the Future of Protected Vegetable Crops Culture in Chungnam)

  • 이영복;강재철
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.18-25
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    • 1990
  • The above results indicate that vegetable crop production using vinyl houses continously increases. However, technical support and facility improvement are still insufficent to establish a full production system. In order to improve the cultural environment in facilities for better vegetable culture, several facters should be considered. 1. Facility design and arrangement should be made to improve micro-environments for crop growth and development because direction of facility and covering materials can affect the amount of light trasmitted into vinyl houses. 2. Cultivation of several leading varieties in each crop may not provide stable production and profit especially under undesirable environmental conditions. Thus, it is required to grow not only leading varieties but also other cultivars to decrease the economic losses. 3. Crops should be carefully managed when planted in early season not to experience low temperatures which induce growth retards. Early season cultivation requires proper selection of cultivars which are resistant to low temperture. 4. Active control of micro-environment in facilities should be made via improving the ventilation and irrigation systems.

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Performance of Drip Irrigation System in Banana Cultuivation - Data Envelopment Analysis Approach

  • Kumar, K. Nirmal Ravi;Kumar, M. Suresh
    • Agribusiness and Information Management
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.17-26
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    • 2016
  • India is largest producer of banana in the world producing 29.72 million tonnes from an area of 0.803 million ha with a productivity of 35.7 MT ha-1 and accounted for 15.48 and 27.01 per cent of the world's area and production respectively (www.nhb.gov.in). In India, Tamil Nadu leads other states both in terms of area and production followed by Maharashtra, Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh. In Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh, Kurnool district had special reputation in the cultivation of banana in an area of 5765 hectares with an annual production of 2.01 lakh tonnes in the year 2012-13 and hence, it was purposively chosen for the study. On $23^{rd}$ November 2003, the Government of Andhra Pradesh has commenced a comprehensive project called 'Andhra Pradesh Micro Irrigation Project (APMIP)', first of its kind in the world so as to promote water use efficiency. APMIP is offering 100 per cent of subsidy in case of SC, ST and 90 per cent in case of other categories of farmers up to 5.0 acres of land. In case of acreage between 5-10 acres, 70 per cent subsidy and acreage above 10, 50 per cent of subsidy is given to the farmer beneficiaries. The sampling frame consists of Kurnool district, two mandals, four villages and 180 sample farmers comprising of 60 farmers each from Marginal (<1ha), Small (1-2ha) and Other (>2ha) categories. A well structured pre-tested schedule was employed to collect the requisite information pertaining to the performance of drip irrigation among the sample farmers and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model was employed to analyze the performance of drip irrigation in banana farms. The performance of drip irrigation was assessed based on the parameters like: Land Development Works (LDW), Fertigation costs (FC), Volume of water supplied (VWS), Annual maintenance costs of drip irrigation (AMC), Economic Status of the farmer (ES), Crop Productivity (CP) etc. The first four parameters are considered as inputs and last two as outputs for DEA modelling purposes. The findings revealed that, the number of farms operating at CRS are more in number in other farms (46.66%) followed by marginal (45%) and small farms (28.33%). Similarly, regarding the number of farmers operating at VRS, the other farms are again more in number with 61.66 per cent followed by marginal (53.33%) and small farms (35%). With reference to scale efficiency, marginal farms dominate the scenario with 57 per cent followed by others (55%) and small farms (50%). At pooled level, 26.11 per cent of the farms are being operated at CRS with an average technical efficiency score of 0.6138 i.e., 47 out of 180 farms. Nearly 40 per cent of the farmers at pooled level are being operated at VRS with an average technical efficiency score of 0.7241. As regards to scale efficiency, nearly 52 per cent of the farmers (94 out of 180 farmers) at pooled level, either performed at the optimum scale or were close to the optimum scale (farms having scale efficiency values equal to or more than 0.90). Majority of the farms (39.44%) are operating at IRS and only 29 per cent of the farmers are operating at DRS. This signifies that, more resources should be provided to these farms operating at IRS and the same should be decreased towards the farms operating at DRS. Nearly 32 per cent of the farms are operating at CRS indicating efficient utilization of resources. Log linear regression model was used to analyze the major determinants of input use efficiency in banana farms. The input variables considered under DEA model were again considered as influential factors for the CRS obtained for the three categories of farmers. Volume of water supplied ($X_1$) and fertigation cost ($X_2$) are the major determinants of banana farms across all the farmer categories and even at pooled level. In view of their positive influence on the CRS, it is essential to strengthen modern irrigation infrastructure like drip irrigation and offer more fertilizer subsidies to the farmer to enhance the crop production on cost-effective basis in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh, India. This study further suggests that, the present era of Information Technology will help the irrigation management in the context of generating new techniques, extension, adoption and information. It will also guide the farmers in irrigation scheduling and quantifying the irrigation water requirements in accordance with the water availability in a particular season. So, it is high time for the Government of India to pay adequate attention towards the applications of 'Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and its applications in irrigation water management' for facilitating the deployment of Decision Supports Systems (DSSs) at various levels of planning and management of water resources in the country.

Potentials of and Threats to Traditional Institutions for Community Based Biodiversity Management in Dryland Areas of Lower Moshi, Tanzania

  • Woiso, Dino Andrew;Shemdoe, Riziki Silas;Kayeye, Heri
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.177-185
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    • 2009
  • Dryland species and ecosystems have developed unique strategies to cope with low and sporadic rainfall. They are highly resilient and recover quickly from prevailing disturbances such as fires, herbivore pressure and drought. Dryland people have engineered pastoral and farming systems, which are adapted to these conditions and have sustained the livelihoods of dryland people for centuries. In this article, we present the status of potentials and threats to dryland biodiversity and explore options for its conservation and sustainable use. Findings of the research can be summarized as follows: (i) The ecosystem goods and services are highly valued by the community but mechanism for wise use of the resources has disappeared, (ii) forests are under the ownership of the government but the local community is the realistic custodian of the forests through village leaderships and environmental committees; (iii) the immediate major threat to dryland biodiversity held in the forests appears to be the degradation of ecosystems and habitats caused by new and powerful forces of environmental degradation such as large scale irrigation of rice farms, poverty-induced overexploitation of natural resources, and disappearance and ignorance of traditional institutions for management of dryland biodiversity. These new forms of disturbances often overpower the legendary resilience of dryland ecosystems and constitute potentially serious threats to dryland biodiversity. Forests, wetlands and oases all of which are micro hot spots of dryland biodiversity, appear to be particularly vulnerable hence the need to set up some rules and regulations for sustainable utilization of these resources.

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