• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.647-653
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• 2010

The objectives of this research are to evaluate and compare the oxygen transfer coefficients($K_{La}$) in both a general bubbles reactor and a micro-nano bubbles reactor for effective operation in sewage treatment plants, and to understand the effect on microbial kinetic parameters of biomass growth for optimal biological treatment in sewage treatment plants when the micro-nano bubbles reactor is applied. Oxygen transfer coefficients($K_{La}$) of tap water and effluent of primary clarifier were determined. The oxygen transfer coefficients of the tap water for the general bubbles reactor and micro-nano bubbles reactor were found to be 0.28 $hr^{-1}$ and 2.50 $hr^{-1}$, respectively. The oxygen transfer coefficients of the effluent of the primary clarifier for the general bubbles reactor and micro-nano bubbles reactor were found be to 0.15 $hr^{-1}$ and 0.91 $hr^{-1}$, respectively. In order to figure out kinetic parameters of biomass growth for the general bubbles reactor and micro-nano bubbles reactor, oxygen uptake rates(OURs) in the saturated effluent of the primary clarifier were measured with the general bubbles reactor and micro-nano bubbles reactor. The OURs of in the saturated effluent of the primary clarifier with the general bubbles reactor and micro-nano bubbles reactor were 0.0294 mg $O_2/L{\cdot}hr$ and 0.0465 mg $O_2/L{\cdot}hr$, respectively. The higher micro-nano bubbles reactor's oxygen transfer coefficient increases the OURs. In addition, the maximum readily biodegradable substrate utilization rates($K_{ms}$) for the general bubbles reactor and micro-nano bubbles reactor were 3.41 mg COD utilized/mg active VSS day and 7.07 mg COD utilized/mg active VSS day, respectively. The maximum specific biomass growth rates for heterotrophic biomass(${\mu}_{max}$) were calculated by both values of yield for heterotrophic biomass($Y_H$) and the maximum readily biodegradable substrate utilization rates($K_{ms}$). The values of ${\mu}_{max}$ for the general bubbles reactor and micro-nano bubbles reactor were 1.62 $day^{-1}$ and 3.36 $day^{-1}$, respectively. The reported results show that the micro-nano bubbles reactor increased air-liquid contact area. This method could remove dissolved organic matters and nutrients efficiently and effectively.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.659-664
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• 2004

It is important to measure precisely the size and velocity of micro-bubbles used in various field. The synchrotron X-ray micro-imaging technique was employed to measure the size and velocity of micro-bubbles moving in an opaque tube simultaneously. Phase contrast images were obtained at interfaces of micro-bubbles between water and air due to their different refractive indices. The X-ray micro-imaging technique was found to measure an optical fiber with an accuracy of 0.2%. Micro-bubbles of 20∼60$\mu\textrm{m}$ diameter moving upward in an opaque tube (${\Phi}$＝2.7mm) were tested to measure bubble size and up-rising velocity. For DI water, the measured velocity of micro-bubbles is nearly proportional to the square of bubble size, agreed well with the theoretical result. In addition, the synchrotron X-ray micro-imaging technique can measure accurately the size and velocity of several overlapped micro-bubbles.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.1744-1748
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• 2004

It is important to measure precisely the size and velocity of micro-bubbles used in various field. The synchrotron X-ray micro-imaging technique was employed to measure the size and velocity of micro-bubbles moving in an opaque tube simultaneously. Phase contrast images were obtained at interfaces of micro-bubbles between water and air due to their different refractive indices. The X-ray micro-imaging technique was found to measure an optical fiber with an accuracy of 0.2%. Micro-bubbles of $10{\sim}60{\mu}m$ diameter moving upward in an opaque tube (${\phi}=2.7mm$) were tested to measure bubble size and up-rising velocity. For DI water, the measured velocity of micro-bubbles is nearly proportional to the square of bubble size, agreed well with the theoretical result. In addition, the synchrotron X-ray micro-imaging technique can measure accurately the size and velocity of several overlapped micro-bubbles.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.45-46
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• 2003

The x-ray micro-imaging technique was employed to measure the size and velocity of micro-bubbles moving in an opaque tube simultaneously. Phase contrast images were obtained at interfaces of micro-bubbles between water and air due to different refractive index. Micro-bubbles of $20\~120{\mu}m$ diameter moving upward in an opaque tube $(\phi=2.7mm)$ were tested. For two different working fluids of tap water and DI water, the measured velocity of micro-bubbles is roughly proportional to the square of bubble size.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

The use of micro bubbles in industrial fields has been increasing in the recent years., particularly micro-bubble sterilization and water purification effects. Various methods have been developed for the generation of micro-bubbles. Depending on the method of generating bubbles, the micro-bubbles can be roughly classified into saturation molding, cavitation and rotation flow types. The objective of this study was to use ventilated tube type as a method of generating micro-bubbles in order to purify large amount of water quality such as lakes and reservoirs. This method shows a difference in efficiency in which micro-bubbles are generated depending on the contact ratio of gas to liquid. The study also investigated the optimal gas liquid contact ratio by applying various orifice methods and investigated the optimum condition of micro-bubble generation by gas Based on this, a technology to develop a micro-bubble generator with a venturi type nozzle shape that has a high water purification effect was developed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.82-88
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• 2018

An experimental study was performed on the orifice nozzle system that generates micro-bubbles by air self-suction using a venturi nozzle. This study experimentally investigates the amount of air sucked into the venturi nozzle and the number of micro-bubbles generated by the orifice nozzle system in Cases 1 and 2. The experimental conditions were varied by changing the diameter of the orifice nozzle (d=2~7 mm) and the number of holes of the perforated plate nozzle (n = 2-12). In Case 1, the air self-suction was more than 2 LPM at $d{\leq}4mm$. When d = 4 mm, the total number of bubbles was 29,777, and it was confirmed that micro-bubbles occupied approximately 65% of the total number of bubbles. In Case 2, the air self-suction was maintained constant at approximately 2.5 LPM regardless of the number (n) of holes. The total amount of bubbles increased when n increased but remained constant at approximately 44,000 when $n{\geq}7EA$. It was also confirmed that more than 80% of all bubbles were micro-bubbles when $n{\geq}10EA$. Thus, the number of micro-bubbles increased by approximately 15% compared to the experimental result of Case 1, which was optimized with d = 4 mm.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.343-349
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• 2000

Techniques such as dissolved air flotation and electroflotation, which utilize micro bubbles, are increasingly used for water and wastewater treatment. Most studies have concentrated on particle characteristics. Pretreatments that manipulate particle size and zeta potential were considered important. A recent study, which modeled the collision mechanism between micro bubbles and particles in dissolved air flotation, suggested bubble characteristics should also be important. Hydrogen micro bubbles were generated electrolytically and their zeta potentials measured under various conditions using a novel electrophoresis method. Effects of several parameters were investigated. Bubble zeta potentials were found to be pH dependent, and to have a negative value around neutral pH, becoming zero or positive at lower pH. The pH at zero zeta potential was 5.0 under study conditions. Using artificial solution and tap water, at fixed pH, bubble zeta potentials varied with solution composition. Zeta potentia]s of bubbles were affected by the types of cations and anions in solution but not by the voltage applied. These findings will help improve efficiencies of particle removal processes that utilize micro bubbles. As bubble zeta potential varies with solution composition, it needs to be measured for each composition to understand those effects, which increase removal efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.105-112
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• 2007

Tungsten wire micro electrochemical machining (W-wire micro ECM) with ultra-short pulses enables precise micro machining of metal. In wire micro ECM, platinum wire has been used because it is electrochemically stable. However, the micro metal wire with low strength is easily deformed by hydrogen bubbles which are generated during the machining. The wire deformation decreases the machining accuracy. To reduce the influence of hydrogen bubbles, in this paper, the use of tungsten wire was investigated. To improve machining accuracy, suitable pulse conditions which affect generation of bubbles were also investigated. The tungsten wire micro ECM can be applied to the fabrication of various shapes. Using this method, various micro-parts and shapes were fabricated.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.31-34
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• 2002

Imaging techniques using x-ray beam at high energies (>6KeV) such as contact radiography, projection microscopy, and tomography have been used to nondestructively discern internal structure of objects in material science, biology, and medicine. This paper introduces the x-ray micro-imaging method using 1B2 micro-probe line of PAL (Pohang Accelerator Laboratory). Cross-sectional information on low electron density materials can be obtained by probing a sample with coherent synchrotron x-ray beam in an in-line holography setup. Living organism such as plants, insects are practically transparent to high energy x-rays and create phase shift images of x-ray wave front. X-ray micro-images of micro-bubbles of $20\~120\;{\mu}m$ diameter in an opaque tube were recorded. Clear phase contrast images were obtained at Interfaces between bubbles and surrounding liquid due to different decrements of refractive index.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.295-298
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• 2015

Ozone micro-bubble cleaning system was designed, and made to develop a unique technique to clean wafers by using ozone micro-bubbles. The ozone micro-bubble cleaning system consisted of loading, cleaning, rinsing, drying and un-loading zones, respectively. In case of the cleaning the silicon wafers of a solar cell, more than 99 % of cleaning efficiency was obtained by dipping the wafers at 10 ppm of ozone for 10 minutes. Both of long cleaning time and high ozone concentration in the wet-solution with ozone micro-bubbles reduced cleaning efficiency because of the re-sorption of debris. The cleaning technique by ozone micro-bubbles can be also applied to various wafers for an ingot and LED as an eco-friendly method.