• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.342-349
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• 2017

Polylactic acid (PLA) has been highlighted as an alternative renewable polymer for the replacement of petroleum-based plastic materials, and is considered to be biodegradable. On the other hand, the biodegradation of PLA by terminal degraders, such as microorganisms, requires a lengthy period in the natural environment, and its mechanism is not completely understood. PLA biodegradation studies have been conducted using mainly undefined mixed cultures, but only a few bacterial strains have been isolated and examined. For further characterization of PLA biodegradation, in this study, the PLA-degrading bacteria from digester sludge were isolated and identified using a polymer film-based screening method. The enrichment of sludge on PLA granules was conducted with the serial transference of a subculture into fresh media for 40 days, and the attached biofilm was inoculated on a PLA film on an agar plate. 3D optical microscopy showed that the isolates physically degraded the PLA film due to bacterial degradation. 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified the microbial colonies to be Pseudomonas sp. MYK1 and Bacillus sp. MYK2. The two isolates exhibited significantly higher specific gas production rates from PLA biodegradation compared with that of the initial sludge inoculum.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2020년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.49-49
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• 2020

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB), caused by X. oryzae pv. oryzae(Xoo), is one of the most destructive diseases of rice due to its high epidemic potential. Understanding BLB resistance at a genetic level is important to further improve the rice breeding that provides one of the best approaches to control BLB disease. In the present investigation, a total of 10,000 accessions of rice germplasm were tested to resistance degree of four Korean isolated races (K1, K2, K3 and K3a) of Xoo by bioassay and a diverse 268 accessions was selected to the genome-wide association study (GWAS) using high quality 34,724 SNPs to identify the associated with resistance loci. LOC_Os04g53160 of chromosome 4 was significantly associated with K1 race resistant. LOC_Os11g46230 and LOC_Os11g47150 of chromosome 11 were highly associated with K2 and K3 races as 23.7 and 27.4 of -log(P) value, but K3a resistant loci was weakly associated at LOC_Os03g55270 of chromosome 3. The results of the GWAS validate known gene of BLB resistant and identified novel loci of R genes that provide useful targets for further investigation to help the breeding system and identified gene and QTL provide valuable sources for further functional characterization.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2007

The status of Dirofilaria immitis infection was assessed in pet dogs of Busan, Korea, and chemoprophylactic effects of microfilaricidal medication were evaluated. A total of 294 pet dogs older than 6 mo were examined, 217 of which had been maintained indoors, and 77 had been kept outdoors. The $Snap^R$ kit and direct microscopic examinations of the peripheral blood were used. The mean overall parasite positive rates were 10.2% and 6.5%, respectively. Outdoor dogs evidenced adult worm infection rate of 31.2% and microfilaria infection rate of 18.2%. The indoor dogs, however, evidenced adult worm infection rate of 2.8% and microfilaria infection rate of 2.3%. The prevalence in males was more than 2 times that of females. The changing pattern of infection rates by age evidenced a gradual increase, from 2- to 6-year-old dogs, after which, a decrease in infection rates was noted. With regard to chemoprophylaxis, the infection rates of complete and incomplete chemoprophylaxis groups were found to be 2-3 times lower than that of the non-chemoprophylaxis group. The results of the present study indicate that the risk of exposure to D. immitis in pet dogs is quite high, particularly in male outdoor dogs, and chemoprophylactic measures were quite effective.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2014

As part of a balanced testing battery, subchronic inhalation studies on rats are performed to ensure that proposed cigarette modifications do not increase the toxicity of smoke and to demonstrate any instances where a modification may actually contribute to harm reduction. For subchronic inhalation studies with aerosols, the OECD suggests an exposure regimen of 6 hours/day (OECD Guideline 413, 1981), but alternative regimens have also been published: 1 hour/day and $2{\times}1$ hour/day. The aim of this study was to validate a rodent nose-only exposure system for the assessment of inhalation toxicity of cigarette smoke. In this study, cigarette smoke exposure system is consisted of cigarette smoke generator, smoke concentration adjusting system, and 20-port nose-only exposure system. Male SD rats were exposed for 35 days ($2{\times}1$ hour/day) to 3R4F Reference cigarette smoke and analysed major monitoring items of OECD Gudeline 413. WTPM, was measured in the test atmosphere, respiratory function (Buxco Biosystems) during exposure, postexposure urinary exposure biomarkers and alveolar neutrophiles in BAL fluid (Day 35) were evaluated. Validation demonstrated steady WTPM ($257{\pm}20ug/L$, $502{\pm}27ug/L$) and spatial uniformity (<10%). Nose port temperature ($22{\sim}26^{\circ}C$ and RH (45~75%) were acceptable over 35 days. Reductions in respiratory rate and minute volume and increase in the neutrophiles in BALF and the urinary exposure biomarkers were observed cigarette smoke dose dependently. This validation and 35-day inhalation study has shown that the rodent nose-only exposure system may be useful in the inhalation toxicity assessment of cigarette smoke.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.301-305
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• 2016

본 연구는 쇠고기의 단기 저장 중 이화학 분석을 통하여 가정에서 쇠고기 저장 시 냉동 저장 조건을 탐색해보았다. 쇠고기의 지방 산패 정도를 나타내는 TBA가에서는 $-5^{\circ}C$ 저장군이 $-20^{\circ}C$ 저장군과 유사한 경향을 보였으며, 쇠고기의 단백질 신선도를 나타내는 VBN 함량과 일반세균수도 $-5^{\circ}C$ 저장군과 $-20^{\circ}C$ 저장군이 유사한 추세를 보이며 증가하였다. 적색도와 전단력에서는 $-5^{\circ}C$ 저장군이 $-20^{\circ}C$ 저장군보다 $-1^{\circ}C$ 저장군과 흡사한 경향을 보였다. 이에 대해 식품의 유통기한에 대한 식품의약품안전처의 고시(2014)에 따르면 식육의 설정실험 지표는 TBA가, 휘발성염기질소, 세균수, 대장균수이므로 본 실험의 TBA가와 VBN 함량, 일반세균 수 항목에서 $-5^{\circ}C$에서의 저장이 $-20^{\circ}C$ 저장과 유사한 결과를 나타낸 점에 의의가 있다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합해 볼 때, 쇠고기의 단기 저장 시 $-5^{\circ}C$에서의 저장은 $-20^{\circ}C$에서의 저장과 유사한 측면을 보이며 약 52일간 저장이 가능할 것으로 예측되어 쇠고기의 단기 저장 시 신선도 유지에 효율적이라고 생각된다. 추후 온도 조절뿐만 아니라 가정용 냉장고의 습도, 쇠고기의 포장 방법, 저장 시 용량 등 여러 인자들의 조절로 가정 내 쇠고기의 냉동 저장에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• 화훼연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2011

본 연구는 무궁화와 무궁화속 식물의 종간 교잡하여 얻은 교잡묘의 특성을 조사하고, 기존 무궁화에 비해 꽃이 크고, 화색이 짙고 특이하며, 잎이 크고 특이하거나, 수고가 큰 교목성 등 형태 및 유전적 특성이 뛰어난 신품종을 육성하고자 하였으며 결과는 다음과 같다. 종간 교잡종 중 양친과 형태적 특성이 다르고 기존 품종에 비해 꽃이 크고 특이한 배달계 품종으로 'W-26'과 'W-27'이 나타났으며, 'WRB-2'는 백단심계로 단심이 푸른색으로 특이하였다. '칠채'(♀)와 '파랑새'(♂)의 교잡실생묘에서 선발된 'RV-25'는 대형화로 단심이 긴 특성이 있었고, 꽃이 기존 품종보다 큰 계통으로 'R-141'과 'R-142'이 있었다. 자연 방임수분된 '칠채'의 실생묘에서 선발된 계통 'R-150', 'R-151', 'R-152', 'R-153', 'R-154' 역시 잎, 꽃, 수형 등이 모본과는 형태적 특성이 다른 잎이 넓고 크며, 꽃이 크고 색이 진하고 수형 또한 큰 직립성이었다. 무궁화속 종간 교잡종 중 선발된 신품종으로는 도입된 종간 교잡 품종 '등낭'을 모본으로 하고 무궁화 홍단심계 홑꽃 교목성 무궁화 '남원'을 화분친으로 하여 교배 조합한 교잡체 중 선발된 Hibiscus ${\times}$ 'W-26'의 화색은 흰색으로 양친과 달랐다. 또한 꽃의 모양은 꽃잎의 길이가 폭보다 훨씬 길고 주걱모양으로 기존의 무궁화에서는 드문 꽃잎이 서로 겹치지 않는 I-a형에 가까웠다. 무궁화 종간교잡종 '등낭'과 무궁화 '남원'의 교잡체로부터 백단심계로 단심의 색이 푸른 'WRB-2'가 선발되었다. 백단심계 신품종 'WRB-2'의 수형은 개장형으로 화분친인 '남원'과 유사하였으며 수고 역시 교목성으로 중간형의 '등낭'보다 화분친인 '남원'과 유사하였다. 무궁화 종간교잡종 '칠채'와 '남원'의 종간 교잡종 중에서 선발된 'R-141'은 화형이 모본인 '칠채'를 많이 닮았으나 화색이 '칠채'의 경우 청단심계로 청색이 짙은 반면 신품종 'R-141'은 붉은색이 강해 새로운 계통으로 선발되었다. 또한 꽃이 크고 꽃잎의 폭이 넓어 완전히 겹치는 I-c형으로 나타났다.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2012

Purpose: To evaluate the applicability of Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric (LCJR) as an evaluation tool for hypoglycemia simulation practicum on Korean nursing students. Methods: The methodological study was done to evaluate the reliability and validity of the LCJR. Based on Benner's 4 levels of nursing grading rubric, ten items of the LCJR was evaluated for interrater reliability and internal consistency. The content validity was tested by eight experts and concurrent validity was done by Clark (2006)'s clinical simulation grading rubric. Fifty five video-taped cases of senior nursing students in Y University were used for the reliability and concurrent validity of the LCJR. Results: The interrater reliability was r=.90 (p<.001); Kendall tau b=.87 (p <.001), and Cronbach's alpha was .90. A value of item content validity index of the LCJR was .97 and correlation coefficient between the LCJR and Clark's instrument was .90 (p<.001). The mean (${\pm}SD$) of the nursing students' clinical judgment was 2.04 (${\pm}50$). Conclusion: The LCJR is a useful tool to examine the simulation performance evaluation for improving competency among nursing students. The results indicated that the LCJR may provide valuable information regarding clinical judgment of nursing students and thus, suggested to use to develop a simulation-based education program.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.18-27
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between health knowledge and health promoting behavior in the elderly. Methods: The participants of this study were 114 men and women over 65 years at P-myeon, Yeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do. Data were collected from March 1st to April 9th in 2011. The survey was carried out via the face to face interview using structured questionnaires. Results: Eighty nine percent of the participants responded that they were aware of the types of healthcare service. The most desirable service was 'long term care insurance system'. The average of health knowledge was 7.94 (${\pm}1.51$) out of 10 and average of health promoting behavior was 2.81 (${\pm}0.30$) out of 4. Health promoting behavior showed a positive correlation with health knowledge (r=.189, p=.044). Conclusion: The health promoting behavior in the elderly was related with health knowledge. Therefore, the enhancement of health knowledge is needed to improve health promoting behavior in the elderly. Education for self care and providing information for health care are needed for health maintenance and improvement in elderly. In addition, program development for providing health knowledge and nursing intervention for supporting health promoting behavior are in need.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.2206-2213
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• 2016

Recently, several studies have revealed that commercial microbial identification systems do not accurately identify the uncommon causative species of candidiasis, including Candida famata, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, and C. auris. We investigated the accuracy of species-level identification in a collection of clinical isolates previously identified as C. famata (N = 38), C. lusitaniae (N = 1 2), and M. guilliermondii (N = 5) by the Vitek 2 system. All 55 isolates were re-analyzed by the Phoenix system (Becton Dickinson Diagnostics), two matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry analyzers (a Vitek MS and a Bruker Biotyper), and by sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions or 26S rRNA gene D1/D2 domains. Among 38 isolates previously identified as C. famata by the Vitek 2 system, the majority (27/38 isolates, 71.1%) were identified as C. tropicalis (20 isolates) or C. albicans (7 isolates) by ITS sequencing, and none was identified as C. famata. Among 20 isolates that were identified as C. tropicalis, 17 (85%) were isolated from urine. The two isolates that were identified as C. auris by ITS sequencing originated from ear discharge. The Phoenix system did not accurately identify C. lusitaniae, C. krusei, or C. auris. The correct identification rate for 55 isolates was 92.7% (51/55 isolates) for the Vitek MS and 94.6% (52/55 isolates) for the Bruker Biotyper, as compared with results from ITS sequencing. These results suggest that C. famata is very rare in Korea, and that the possibility of misidentification should be noted when an uncommon Candida species is identified.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.603-610
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• 2008

본 연구는 향미 및 다면적 재래 벼 유전자원에 대하여 근적외선 분광분석법을 이용하여, 현미 및 벼 상태의 향미자원으로부터 spectrum을 획득 후, 아밀로스함량과 단백질함량분석을 하고자 실시하였다. 75점의 향미 및 다면적 재래 유전자원의 현미로부터 측정한 단백질함량의 범위는 3.8-9.3%였으며, 평균 단백질함량은 7.1%이고 아밀로스함량의 범위는 8.5-27.4%였으며, 평균 아밀로스함량은 20.3%이었다. 79점의 향미 및 다면적 재래 유전자원에 대한 벼 상태 및 현미상태에서의 NIR 원시 spectrum을 나타낸 것으로 1,490 nm 이상의 파장범위에서 큰 차이를 보였다. NIR 원시 spectrum을 MPLS방법에 의해서 벼 상태로부터 얻은 spectrum은 1,4,4,1수 처리 방법, 현미상태로부터 얻은 spectrum은 2,4,4,1 수 처리 방법의 결과가 유의성이 높았다. 벼 상태에 대한 MPLS(1,4,4,1)방법에 의한 $R^2$ 및 SEC 값은 protein은 $R^2$ 값이 0.871, SEC 값이 1.37이었고, amylose는 $R^2$값이 0.815, SEC 값이 0.29이었으며, 현미상태의 경우 MPLS(2,4,4,1)방법에 의한 $R^2$ 및 SEC 값은 protein은 $R^2$값이 0.943, SEC값이 0.90이며 amylose는 $R^2$값이 0.859, SEC 값이 0.37로 높은 유의성을 나타내었다. 습식 분석 데이터와 NIR 예측 data에 대한 차이를 살펴보았더니, 평균 단백질 함량의 차이는 벼 상태는 0.06, 현미상태는 0.12 였고, 평균 아밀로스 함량 차이도 벼 상태는 0.33이었고 현미상태는 0.37로 근소한 차이를 보였다.