• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2008

Abdominal obesity, especially, visceral obesity is thought to be a risk factor of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease. Based on previous studies visceral fat accumulation is highly related to these diseases compared to subcutaneous fat accumulation. The purpose of this study was to see the relation between abdominal obesity and lipid profiles in adult women. The included subjects were 25 adult women(BMI > $23\;kg/m^2$), who visited the obesity clinic in a general hospital from April 2006 to September 2007. Blood pressure, fasting glucose and lipid profiles were measured. The abdominal fat distribution had been assessed by CT scan at the level of L4-L5. From bivariate analyses, the visceral fat accumulation showed negative correlations with TC and TC/HDL. The BMI, total abdominal fat and Visceral fat/Subcutaneous fat ratio showed significant correlations with visceral fat accumulation. From linear regression analyses of all the study subjects, TC, TG and HDL were found to be determinants of the visceral fat accumulation($R^2\;=\;0.474$).

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.225-234
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of M&L Self-Growth Meditation Program with Euro QOL-5 Dimension (EQ5D), Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and psychological test. Methods: 6 middle-age women have participated in the eight weeks of the M&L Self-Growth Meditation Program, and the program was executed once a week for about two hours. We evaluated EQ5D, FFMQ, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) before and after the program in order to analyze the effects of M&L Self-Growth Meditation Program. Results: 1) EQ5D scores increased significantly (p<0.05), and overall physical condition scale( VAS) increased. 2) In the FFQM scores, value of Nonreactivity increased significantly (p<0.05), and total score increased. 3) Scores of BDI and STAI-S decreased significantly (p<0.05), and STAI-T, STAXI-S, STAXI-T, STAXI-O, STAXI-Su, and STAXI-R decreased. Conclusions: The results suggested that M&L Self-Growth Meditation Program improves the quality of life and mindfulness skill and has a positive responses to psychological problems-depression, anxiety, and anger.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.529-533
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• 2008

본 연구는 미래기후변화가 공간해상도(5, 10, 30m)에 따른 토양유실량의 변화에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 자하였다. 연구대상지역은 경안천 최상류에 위치한 $1.16km^2$의 농촌 소유역을 대상으로 공간해상도별(5, 10, 30m) RS 및 GIS 자료를 생성하고, GIS 기반의 RUSLE(Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) 모형을 채택하여 토양유실량을 분석하였다. 기후변화 시나리오는 IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)에 서 제공하는 GCM(Global climate model) 중에서 MIROC3.2 hire의 A1B, B1 시나리오를 이용하였으며, 과거 30년간(1977-2006)의 기상자료 통계정보를 기준으로 Change Factor Downscaling 기법을 적용하여 2020s년 (2010-2039), 2050s년(2040-2069), 2080s년(2069-2099) 전후의 각 30년간의 미래 강우량을 재생산하여 사용하였다. 그 결과 강수량은 2080s년에 A1B 시나리오의 경우 연평균 강수량은 270.37mm, 최대 강수량은 65.71mm 증가하였고, B1 시나리오의 경우 연평균 강수량은 37.11mm, 최대 강수량은 48.46mm 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 구축한 미래 강우량을 RUSLE 인자 중 R 인자에 적용하여 2020s년, 2050s년, 2080s년의 토양유실량을 분석한 결과, 미래강수량이 증가함에 따라 공간해상도별 토양유실량도 증가하는 것으로 분석되었다. 평균토양유실량을 시나리오별로 보면, A1B 시나리오의 경우 2080s을 기준으로 1/5,000 scale에서는 약 0.18 ton/ha/year, 1/25,000 scale에서는 약 0.07 ton/ha/year, 1/50,000 scale에서는 약 0.07 ton/ha/year의 유실량이 각 공간해상도별로 증가하였다. B1 시나리오의 경우 2080s을 기준으로 1/5,000 scale에서는 약 0.03 ton/ha/year, 1/25,000 scale에서는 약 0.01 ton/ha/year, 1/50,000 scale에서는 약 0.01 ton/ha/year의 토양유실량이 증가한 것으로 분석되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.309-326
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• 2008

NTIS(National Science & Technology Information Service) provides the information for domestic research projects. It in particular has several classification schemes to classify research projects and provide better retrieval and analysis services. It however is difficult to understand the characteristic of a research project clearly since only a classification in a classification scheme can be chosen about a research project. Moreover, the classification scheme covers the high-level classification for every research areas so that it cannot cover the area specialized to the oriental medicines. On the other hand, the classification schemes for oriental medicines have recently been studied in oriental medicine field. However, it also covers the high-level classification for oriental medicine so that it may not suit to a classification scheme for research projects. Therefore, in this paper we propose a classification scheme to understand clearly the characteristic of research projects in oriental medicine and use to use them to retrieval and analysis services.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.126-133
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• 2013

Although para-aramid fibers poss higher mechanical properties, they show very low resistance to sunlight exposure. This paper studied on the effect of nano-sol coated $TiO_2$ to improve the photo-stability of p-aramid fibers. Titanium dioxides were prepared by sol-gel method from titanium iso-propoxide at different R ratio ($H_2O$/titanium iso-propoxide). All samples were characterized by XRD, TEM and UV-vis spectrometer. The mechanical properties of p-aramid fabrics by $TiO_2$ nano-sol coating before and after sunlight irradiation were measured with tensile tester. XRD pattern of titanium dioxide particles was observed by mixing phase together with rutile and anatase type. The results showed, after sunlight irradiation, the decreased mechanical properties of the fiber. Furthermore, the sunlight irradiation obviously deteriorated the surface and defected areas of the fiber severely by photo-induced chain scission and end group oxidation in air.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.361-373
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between stress levels and eating habits in adolescents. Methods: A total of 453 male and female high school students were surveyed to ascertain their stress levels, Nutrition Quotients for Korean Adolescents (NQ-A), and stress-related eating behavior. Results: The average age of the subjects was 18 and they were mostly from nuclear families. Their average daily conversation time with their parents was between 10 to 30 minutes. The average sleep time for female students was observed to be less than that of male students. The satisfaction level of academic achievement of female students was significantly lower than that of the male students (P < 0.001). The average stress level score for female students was 2.7 out of 5, which was significantly higher than the male student's score of 2.4 (P < 0.001). The eating speed of male students was related to stress levels. Both male and female students ate more and craved spicy food when under stress. All male and female students had significantly ascending NQ-A scores rising in the order of stress from 'low level' to 'medium level', to 'high level' (P < 0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between the stress score and the NQ-A score adjusted for general characteristics (r = -0.29, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Since stress and NQ-A were negatively correlated in high school students, higher stress levels can be associated with irregular eating habits and negative eating behavior. Therefore, stress management and nutrition education focusing on stress status are needed for adolescents.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.20-31
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• 2018

Good assessment is crucial for feedback on curriculum and to motivate students to learn. This study was conducted to perform item analysis on the Medical Education Assessment Consortium clinical knowledge mock examination (MEAC CKME) (2011-2016) and to evaluate several effects to improve item quality using both classical test theory and item response theory. The estimated difficulty index (P) and discrimination index (D) were calculated according to each course, item type, A (single best answer)/R (extended matching) type, and grading of item quality. The cut-off values used to evaluate P were: >0.8 (easy); 0.6-0.8 (moderate); and <0.6 (difficult). The cut-off value for D was 0.3. The proportion of appropriate items was defined as those with P between 0.25-0.75 and D ${\geq}0.25$. Cronbach ${\alpha}$ was used to assess the reliability and was compared with those of the Korean Medical Licensing Examination (KMLE). The results showed the recent mean difficulty and decimation index was 0.62 and 0.20 for the first MEAC CKME and 0.71 and 0.19 for the second MEAC CKME, respectively. Higher grade items evaluated by a self-checklist system had better D values than lower grade items and higher grade items gradually increased. The preview and editing process by experts revealed maintained P, decreased recall items, increased appropriate items with better D values, and higher reliability. In conclusion, the MEAC CKME (2011-2016) is deemed appropriate as an assessment to evaluate students' competence and prepare year four medical students for the KMLE. In addition, the self-checklist system for writing good items was useful in improving item quality.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.386-390
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• 2015

Fe-base superalloy powders with $Y_2O_3$ dispersion were prepared by high energy ball milling, followed by spark plasma sintering for consolidation. High-purity elemental powders with different Fe powder sizes of 24 and 50 mm were used for the preparation of $Fe-20Cr-4.5Al-0.5Ti-O.5Y_2O_3$ powder mixtures (wt%). The milling process of the powders was carried out in a horizontal rotary ball mill using a stainless steel vial and balls. The milling times of 1 to 5 h by constant operation (350 rpm, ball-to-powder ratio of 30:1 in weight) or cycle operation (1300 rpm for 4 min and 900 rpm for 1 min, 15:1) were applied. Microstructural observation revealed that the crystalline size of Fe decreased with an increase in milling time by cyclic operation and was about 15 nm after 3 h, forming a FeCr alloy phase. The cyclic operation had an advantage over constant milling in that a smaller-agglomerated structure was obtained. The milled powders were sintered at $1100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min in vacuum. With an increase in milling time, the sintered specimen showed a more homogeneous microstructure. In addition, a homogenous distribution of Y-compound particles in the grain boundary was confirmed by EDX analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.341-349
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was conducted to explain the intention of use of IoT (internet of things) healthcare service for elderly using TAM (Technology Acceptance Model). The exogenous variables were professional support, personalization, interaction, and convenience, The endogenous variables were usefulness and intention. Data were collected from 220 elderly residents aged 65 over in welfare center and were analyzed using structural equation modeling using AMOS 25.0. The result of this study showed that professional support and personalization did not significantly difference perceived usefulness, and there were significant differences interaction, and convenience. Futhermore, perceived usefulness influence intention of use of IoT healthcare service for elderly. IoT health care service for elderly is affected by perceived usefulness. This study systematically verified the elderly's intention of using IoT-based smart healthcare services. The result of this study would be able to be used as basic data for preparing strategies to enhance their intention to use the services.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.294-302
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the wage structure of hospital nurses in Korea and to analyze the factors that determine the level of nurses' wages. Methods: First, a mobile survey on nurses' wages was conducted with a total of 3,742 nurses working in hospitals. A literature review was also done. Second, a regression model was applied to analyze the determinants of nurses' wages. Results: The average monthly wage of 3,742 nurses based on the survey was KRW 3,588,000 and the standardized monthly income of 3,742 nurses was estimated to be KRW 3,364,000 as of the end of 2018. The results of regression analysis(R²=61.7%) showed that gender, nursing experience, designated night duty, ownership, and number of beds were statistically significant variables for nurses' wages at 1% significance level. The monthly wage of nurses working in total nursing care wards was not significantly different from those working in other wards at 5% significance level. Conclusion: The substantial difference in nurses' wages according to job career, hospital size, region, etc may result in the low proportion of nurses with more than three to five years of service experience and the high turnover of less-experienced workers. Consideration should be given to adjust the gap in wage level and a standard nurse wage system could be effective measures.