• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.331-338
• /
• 2006

A rapid, selective and sensitive reverse-phase HPLC methods for the determination of atenolol and chlorthalidone in human serum and whole blood were validated, and applied to the pharmacokinetic study of atenolol and chlorthalidone combination therapy. Atenolol and an internal standard, pindolol, were extracted from human serum by liquid-liquid extraction, and analyzed on a $\mu$-Bondapak C18 $10-{\mu}$ column in a mobile phase of methanol-0.01 M potassium dihydrogenphosphate(30:70, v/v, adjusted to pH 3.5) and fluorescence detection(emission: 300 nm, excitation: 224 nm). Chlorthalidone and an internal standard, probenecid, were extracted form human whole blood by liquid-liquid extraction, and analyzed on a Luna C18 $5-{\mu}$ column in a mobile phase of acetonitrile containing 77% 0.01 M sodium acetate and UV detection at 214 nm. These analysis were performed at three different laboratories using the same quality control(QC) samples. The chromatograms showed good resolution, sensitivity, and no interference by human serum and whole blood, respectively. The methods showed linear responses over a concentration range of 10-1,000 ng/mL for atenolol and 0.05-20 ${\mu}g/mL$ for chlorthalidone, with correlation coefficients of greater than 0.999 at all the three laboratories. Intra- and inter-day assay precision and accuracy fulfilled international requirements. Stability studies(freeze-thaw, short-, long-term, extracted sample and stock solution) showed that atenolol and chlorthalidone were stable. The lower limit of quantitation of atenolol and chlorthalidone were 10 ng/mL and 0.05 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively, which was sensitive enough for pharmacokinetic studies. These methods were applied to the pharmacokinetic study of atenolol and chlorthalidone in human volunteers following a single oral administration of Hyundai $Tenoretic^{\circledR}$ tablet(atenolol 50 mg and chlorthalidone 12.5 mg) at three different laboratories.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제62권3호
• /
• pp.214-223
• /
• 2017

국내에서 육성된 옥수수의 파종기에 따른 생육 및 수량을 알아보기 위하여 광평옥, 강다옥, 양안옥, 신광옥, 장다옥, 청안옥, 청다옥, 안다옥, 다평옥, 평강옥, 평안옥, 다안옥, 수원 184, 강일옥, P3394 등 총 15종의 옥수수품종이 시험연구에 사용되었다. 파종기는 4월 5일, 6월 25일, 7월 5일 총 3회 파종하였다. 종합적인 생육을 보면 강다옥이 착수고율 조금 높지만 생육이 4월 또는 7월에 파종 시 가장 좋았다. 그 다음엔 광평옥으로 광평옥의 경우 전체적인 생육은 강다옥 보다는 조금 낮았지만 착수고율이 낮아 재배 시에 좀 더 유리하게 작용할 수 있겠다. 다안옥의 경우 생육은 4월에 파종하나 7월에 파종하나 모든 경우에 다 좋지 않았다. 그러나 식용으로 사용하기 위하여 재배적인 측면에서 곡실의 수량과 이삭의 형태 등만을 고려한다면 파종 시기에 관계없이 평강옥과 다평옥이 이삭무게와 종실무게가 많아서 좋은 품종으로 제시할 수 있다. 곡실용 옥수수의 생육에는 출사기까지 유효적산온도가 가장 중요한 요인으로 작용하였으며 유효적산 온도가 $1500^{\circ}C{\sim}1800^{\circ}C$ 이상만 되면 정상적인 생육이 이루어지고 충분한 수량을 확보할 수 있었다. 식용 옥수수의 경우 당도와 질감 등 많은 고려 요소가 필수요소로 첨가 되어야 하므로 앞으로 이러한 연구가 더 진행되어 재배적인 측면과 식품으로서의 가치 평가가 함께 이루어 져야 정확한 품종 제시가 가능해 질 것이다.

• 가정간호학회지
• /
• 제4권
• /
• pp.30-40
• /
• 1997

The change in health care environment increases the importance of Visiting Nursing Services Program. It has been performed by nurses of district health centers in Seoul since 1991. The Achievement of Visiting Nursing Services Program will be dependent upon their activities. The purpose of this study was to identify the Performance of Visiting Nurses and Job satisfaction of district health centers in Seoul. Therefore, it was to provide the fundamental data development of Visiting Nursing Services Program. The subjects were 214 Visiting Nurses of district health centers in Seoul. The data was collected by self reporting questionnaire from April 15 to April 30, 1997. Their performances and various supportive factors were measured with the instruments developed by the researcher. Job satisfaction were also measured by the instrument developed by Slavitt et al. (1978) was used. The data were, analyzed by Cronbach Alpha, mean, standard deviation, percentage, t -test, ANOVA Duncan test, Correlation Coefficient, and Stepwise Multiple Regression with SAS program. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The average of budget of Visiting Nursing Services Program of district health centers was 0.9% and the average of visiting nursing services personnel of district health centers was 10.1%. 2. With regard to the job satisfaction of Visiting Nurses the mean score was 2.92 out of 5. While the level of Job prestige / status presented as a mean score of 3.48 which was the largest among the 7 components of job satisfaction, the level of administration was the lowest showing 2.57 scores respectively. There were significant differences in the job satisfaction by age, working career of health centers(p<0.01, 0.001). 3. The average of the performance level of Visiting Nurses variables was 2.29; The variable with highest degree of performance was the teaching & consultation, establishment of performance plan, whereas the on with the lowest degree was the directive nursing services. The significant difference was found in performance level according to age, structure type of visiting nursing services, working career of health centers and working career of visiting nursing services(p<0.05). 4. With regard to the perception of the performance expertise by the Visiting Nurses the mean score was 2.37 : The variable with highest degree of performance expertise was the teaching & consultation, establishment of performance plan, whereas the on with the lowest degree was management of home-environment. The significant difference was found in performance expertise according to working career outside of health centers(p<0.05). 5. With regard to the perception of the performance necessity by the Visiting Nurses the mean was 2. 40 : the variable with highest degree of performance necessity was the teaching & consultation, establishment of performance plan, whereas the on with the lowest degree was directive nursing services. The significant difference was found in performance necessity according to working career of visiting nursing services(p<0.05). 6. A positive correlation was found between job satisfaction and performance level(r=.3731, P<0.001). Also, a weak positive correlation was found between the components of job satisfaction and performance level. 7. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor was the variance of job satisfaction(R=.3557, $R^2$=.1265). Structure type of visiting nursing services and working career of visiting nursing services accounted for 19.0% of the variance in performance level in nurses. In conclusion, Job satisfaction, Structure type of visiting nursing services and Working career of visiting nursing services variables had influenced on performance level in health centers. Further research is required to confirm these findings.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.137-144
• /
• 2011

본 시험은 토종닭의 교배 조합이 계육의 지방산과 아미노산 및 핵산 관련 물질 함량에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 공시계는 4개 교배 조합으로 발생된 3원 교잡종을 이용하였다. 시험 설계는 A(CS${\times}$B), B(CH${\times}$S), C(RS${\times}$H), D(백세미)로 하였으며, 4처리구에 따라 암수 각각 9반복, 반복당 10수씩($4{\times}2{\times}9{\times}10$) 총 720수를 완전 임의 배치하였다. 시험 사료는 제시한 옥수수-대두박 위주의 준육용계 사료를 자체 제작하여 이용하였다. 5주령 계육의 포화지방산의 함량은 C처리구에서 가장 낮았으며, A처리구가 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 10주령 계육의 포화지방산의 함량은 5주령 계육과 마찬가지로 C처리구에서 가장 낮았으며, A처리구가 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 계육의 아미노산 함량은 모든 계육의 필수 아미노산 함량은 lysine, leucine, arginine, phenylalanine 등의 순이었고, 비필수 아미노산 함량은 glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine 등의 순이었다. 5주령에서는 필수 아미노산 중 valine, leucine, phenylalanine 및 lysine은 A계통에서 가장 낮게 나타났으며, phenylalanine과 lysine 함량은 B계통에서 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 비필수 아미노산 중 cystine, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine 및 proline은 A계통에서 가장 낮았고(p<0.05), 다른 계통들 사이에서는 차이가 없었다. 10주령 계육의 아미노산 함량은 모든 처리구에서 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 계육의 핵산 관련 물질 중 hypoxanthine(Hx)은 5주령에서 C처리구가 14.5%로 가장 높게 나타났으나, 10주령에서는 B처리구가 9.29%로 가장 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 처리구간 계육의 Inosine monophosphate(IMP)는 각각 131.4 mg/100 g, 187.7 mg/100 g, 250.2 mg/100 g 및 214.0 mg/100 g으로 A, B, C처리구 사이에 유의차가 있었다(p<0.05). 10주령의 IMP는 C처리구가 258.6 mg/100 g으로 가장 높았고(p<0.05), A, B, D처리구 사이에서는 차이가 없었다. 5주령의 adenosine mono phosphate(AMP)는 처리구간 차이가 없었으나, 10주령에서는 5.46 mg/100 g, 5.96 mg/100 g, 5.45 mg/100 g 및 5.47 mg/100 g으로 B처리구에서 가장 높게 나타났다(p<0.05).