• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제37권7호
• /
• pp.1289-1302
• /
• 2024

Objective: There is a strong relationship between the content of beneficial fatty acids in milk and milk fat metabolic activity in the mammary gland. To improve milk quality, it is therefore necessary to study fatty acid metabolism in bovine mammary gland tissue. In adipose tissue, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), the core transcription factor, regulates the fatty acid metabolism gene network and determines fatty acid deposition. However, its regulatory effects on mammary gland fatty acid metabolism during lactation have rarely been reported. Methods: Transcriptome sequencing was performed during the prelactation period and the peak lactation period to examine mRNA expression. The significant upregulation of PPARG drew our attention and led us to conduct further research. Results: According to bioinformatics prediction, dual-luciferase reporter system detection, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, miR-130a and miR-130b could directly target PPARG and inhibit its expression. Furthermore, triglyceride and oil red O staining proved that miR-130a and miR-130b inhibited milk fat metabolism in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs), while PPARG promoted this metabolism. In addition, we also found that the coexpression of miR-130a and miR-130b significantly enhanced their ability to regulate milk fat metabolism. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings indicated that miR-130a and miR-130b could target and repress PPARG and that they also have a functional superposition effect. miR-130a and miR-130b seem to synergistically regulate lipid catabolism via the control of PPARG in BMECs. In the long-term, these findings might be helpful in developing practical means to improve high-quality milk.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.139-143
• /
• 2013

Patients at the same pathological stage of esophageal cancer (EC) that received the same surgical therapy by the same surgeon may have distinct prognoses. The current study aimed to explore the possibility of differentially-expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) underlying this phenomenon. Samples were collected from EC patients at the same tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage but with different prognoses. Paracancerous normal tissues were taken as controls. The specimens were histopathologically analyzed. Differentially-expressed miRNAs were analyzed using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Compared with patients with poor prognosis, those with good prognosis exhibited 88 two-fold or more than two-fold increased miRNA fragments and 4 half-decreased miRNAs. The most noticeably up-regulated miRNAs included hsa-miR-31, hsa-miR-196b, hsa-miR-652, hsa-miR-125a-5p, hsa-miR-146b, hsa-miR-200c, hsa-miR-23b, hsa-miR-29a, hsa-miR-186, hsa-miR-205, hsa-miR-376a, hsa-miR-410, hsa-miR-532-3p, and hsa-miR-598, whereas the most significantly-downregulated miRNAs were hsa-let-7e, hsa-miR-130b, and hsa-miR-103. EC patients at same TNM stage but with different prognoses show differentially-expressed miRNAs.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제80권3호
• /
• pp.270-276
• /
• 2017

Background: A disputed rpoB mutation is a specific type of rpoB mutation that can cause low-level resistances to rifampin (RIF). Here, we aimed to assess the frequency and types of disputed rpoB mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from South Korea. Methods: Between August 2009 and December 2015, 130 patients exhibited RIF resistance on the MTBDRplus assay at Asan Medical Center. Among these cases, we identified the strains with disputed rpoB mutation by rpoB sequencing analysis, as well as among the M. tuberculosis strains from the International Tuberculosis Research Center (ITRC). Results: Among our cases, disputed rpoB mutations led to RIF resistance in at least 6.9% (9/130) of the strains that also exhibited RIF resistance on the MTBDRplus assay. Moreover, at the ITRC, sequencing of the rpoB gene of 170 strains with the rpoB mutation indicated that 23 strains (13.5%) had the disputed mutations. By combining the findings from the 32 strains from our center and the ITRC, we identified the type of disputed rpoB mutation as follows: CTG511CCG (L511P, n=8), GAC516TAC (D516Y, n=8), CTG533CCG (L533P, n=8), CAC526CTC (H526L, n=4), CAC526AAC (H526N, n=3), and ATG515GTG (M515V, n=1). Conclusion: Disputed rpoB mutations do not seem to be rare among the strains exhibiting RIF resistance in South Korea.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.211-216
• /
• 2001

The growth of Selenastrum capricornutum in culture was investigated as a function of ionic copper concentrations to verify the toxicity and physiological variation. In a $Cu^{++}$ excess culture (E: $Cu^{++}$ of $130{\mu}g/l$), the growth rate (K)(0.32) was lower than that of the control culture (C: $Cu^{++}$ of $0.065{\mu}g/l$) (0.61) after 8 days and the exponential growth rate ($R_E$) was also found to be lower in culture E (1.1) than culture C (2.9). On the contrary, the K of S. capricornutum in trace $Cu^{++}$ culture ($T_1$ and $T_2$, 0.72) after 6 days tended to be more increased than culture C (0.68). From 8 to 14 days of culture, the amounts of chlorophyllls a and b were increased in culture C (chlorophyll a, $106->126{\mu}g/g$ dry wt; chlorophyll b, $158->208{\mu}g/g$ dry wt; chlorophyll b were decreased in culture E (chlorophyll a, $309->235{\mu}g/g$ dry wt; chlorophyll b, $405->352{\mu}g/g$ dry wt). The amounts of chlorophylls in ionic copper trace culture ($T_1$ and $T_2$) [(chl a/b) of $T_1$: $384/620\;{\mu}g/g$ dry wt; (chl a/b) of $T^2$:$320/467{\mu}g/g$ dry wt] were increased more than the culture C($260/387{\mu}g/g$ dry wt). Howeveer, when photosynthetic rates were normalized to the dry weight of algae, the control culture continued to showed higher values than the treated culture ($T_1$). An appropriate amount of ionic copper ($T_1:\;26\;{\mu}g/l$) stimulated the grwoth of S. capricornutum than the ionic copper content of $13\;{\mu}g/l$ ($T_2$), while the excess amount of ionic copper ($130\;{\mu}g/l$) resulted in the highest toxicity to the growth of S. capricornutum.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제49권5호
• /
• pp.475-481
• /
• 2006

목 적 : 소아 비만의 빈도가 점점 증가하면서 비만으로 인한 고혈압, 관상동맥 질환, 고지혈증, 인슐린 저항, 당뇨병 등의 합병증이 문제가 되고 있다. 관상동맥 질환에서 호모시스테인 치의 증가, 비타민 $B_{12}$ 섭취의 감소가 중요한 역할을 하고 있음이 보고되고 있으나, 비만에서는 아직 호모시스테인, 인슐린, 비타민 $B_{12}$에 대한 연구가 많지 않은 실정이다. 저자들은 호모시스테인, 인슐린, 비타민 $B_{12}$, 엽산이 비만아에서 어떤 연관성을 갖고 있는지를 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 실시하였다. 방 법 : 8세부터 11세 사이에 비만도가 130 이상인 중등도 비만아 27명을 대상군으로 하였고, 같은 연령의 30명의 정상 소아를 대조군으로 하였다. 신장, 체중을 이용하여 비만도와 체질량 지수를 산출하였고, 안정된 상태에서 수축기, 이완기 혈압을 측정하였다. 10시간 이상 금식 후 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 호모시시테인, 인슐린, 비타민 $B_{12}$, 엽산을 측정하였다. 생체전기저항법을 이용하여 세포내액, 세포외액, 단백질, 무기질, 근육량, 체지방량, 체지방률, 복부지방률 등을 분석하였다. 결 과 : 호모시스테인은 비만군에서 $8.1{\pm}2.1{\mu}mol/mL$로 $4.9{\pm}1.0{\mu}mol/mL$인 정상군보다 유의하게 높았고, 인슐린도 비만군에서 $26.8{\pm}11.2{\mu}IU/mL$로 $12.5{\pm}5.24{\mu}IU/mL$인 정상군보다 유의하게 높았다. 비타민 $B_{12}$는 비만군에서 $798.6{\pm}174.3pg/mL$로 $967.8{\pm}405.0pg/mL$인 정상군보다 유의하게 낮았다. 그러나 엽산은 두 군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 비만군에서 인슐린은 수축기 혈압(r=0.535), 중성 지방(r=0.517), 총 콜레스테롤(r=0.408), 복부지방률(r=0.306)과 양의 상관관계가 있었다. 결 론 : 비만아에서 호모시스테인, 인슐린과 비타민 $B_{12}$가 의미있는 혈중 농도 차이를 보였으나 심혈관 질환 등의 성인병을 예방하는 예측 인자로 사용할 수 있는지 알기 위해 더 많은 연구가 필요하겠다.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.44.1-44.10
• /
• 2023

Tumor hypoxia, oxygen deprivation state, occurs in most cancers and promotes angiogenesis, enhancing the potential for metastasis. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family genes play crucial roles in tumorigenesis by promoting angiogenesis. To investigate the malignant processes triggered by hypoxia-induced angiogenesis across pan-cancers, we comprehensively analyzed the relationships between the expression of VEGF family genes and hypoxic microenvironment based on integrated bioinformatics methods. Our results suggest that the expression of VEGF family genes differs significantly among various cancers, highlighting their heterogeneity effect on human cancers. Across the 33 cancers, VEGFB and VEGFD showed the highest and lowest expression levels, respectively. The survival analysis showed that VEGFA and placental growth factor (PGF) were correlated with poor prognosis in many cancers, including kidney renal cell and liver hepatocellular carcinoma. VEGFC expression was positively correlated with glioma and stomach cancer. VEGFA and PGF showed distinct positive correlations with hypoxia scores in most cancers, indicating a potential correlation with tumor aggressiveness. The expression of miRNAs targeting VEGF family genes, including hsa-miR-130b-5p and hsa-miR-940, was positively correlated with hypoxia. In immune subtypes analysis, VEGFC was highly expressed in C3 (inflammatory) and C6 (transforming growth factor β dominant) across various cancers, indicating its potential role as a tumor promotor. VEGFC expression exhibited positive correlations with immune infiltration scores, suggesting low tumor purity. High expression of VEGFA and VEGFC showed favorable responses to various drugs, including BLU-667, which abrogates RET signaling, an oncogenic driver in liver and thyroid cancers. Our findings suggest potential roles of VEGF family genes in malignant processes related with hypoxia-induced angiogenesis.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.124-130
• /
• 2013

Bumblebees are widely used to pollinate various greenhouse crops. Among the different bumblebee species, Bombus ignitus is indigenous to Korea, China, Japan and Russia. B. ignitus undergoes one generation per year, and artificial hibernation is essential for year-round rearing of the bumblebee. Keeping the queens under low-temperature conditions for several months is an effective method for terminating their diapause and promoting colony development. In the present study, we investigated how cold temperature affects the artificial hibernation of B. ignitus queens. Under chilling temperatures of $-2.5^{\circ}C$, $0^{\circ}C$, $2.5^{\circ}C$ and $5^{\circ}C$ with constant humidity >80%, the queens stored at $2.5^{\circ}C$ exhibited the highest survival rates, which were 74.0% at one month, 67.0% at two months, 60.0% at three months, 46.0% at 4 months, 33.0% at 5 months and 24.0% at 6 months. Lower survival rates were observed at $0^{\circ}C$, $5^{\circ}C$, $7.5^{\circ}C$ and $12.5^{\circ}C$. At $2.5^{\circ}C$ the colony developmental characteristics after diapause were 1.2- to 1.5-fold greater than those when queens were stored at $5^{\circ}C$. Thus, $2.5^{\circ}C$ and 70% R.H. were the most favorable chilling temperature and humidity conditions for terminating the diapause of B. ignitus queens.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.494-501
• /
• 2010

영 유아용 식품에 주로 사용되는 원료에 대한 미생물 오염도를 조사한 결과, 총 10종(n=20)의 원료 중 B. cereus가 검출된 원료는 2종(n=4, 20%) 이었고, $1.02{\pm}1.36\;\log\;CFU/g$으로 나타났으며, B. cereus가 검출된 원료로는 organic brown rice powder(C사)와 mixed orgarnic vegetable powder(C사) 이었다. 미생물이 검출되지 않거나 낮게 검출된 원료는 제조공정에 살균, 분무건조, 팽화 및 압출 등의 열처리 공정이 있었다. 각 원료에 대한 일반세균수를 알아보기 위해 10종(n=20) 검사결과 4종(n=8) 검출(40%)되었으며, $3.21{\pm}3.64\log\;CFU/g$으로 나타났다. 원료에서 분리한 미생물 분포를 조사한 결과 총 11종이 분리 되었으며, 분리된 일반세균 중 76%를 차지하는 우점종은 S. paucimobilis, P. fluorescens, R. radiobactor, St. maltophilia 순으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 영 유아식의 미생물 안전성 확보를 위해 원료 생산공정에 살균 등의 열처리 공정이 필요하며, 미생물에 오염된 원료를 사용할 경우에도 생산공정에 드럼건조(drum surface temperature: $100-135^{\circ}C$), 분무건조(inlet air temperature: $135-204^{\circ}C$), 살균(pasteurization, UHT $130-150^{\circ}C$/1-4 sec), 미생물 저감화 방안의 제조공정을 거쳐 생산된 제품은 일반세균, 대장균군, B. cereus가 검출되지 않아 안전한 제품의 생산이 가능하였다. 또한, 영 유아용 식품을 제조할 경우 명확한 살균조건을 설정하고, 공정품의 품질평가를 거쳐야만 제품의 안전성을 확보할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.