• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.239-253
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• 2002

Health care for women regularly focuses on the reproductive system to the exclusion of other health needs. The lack of research focusing on women's common health issues is a major problem to the enhanced optimal level of women's health. Health care providers have to recognize biological and social differences between men and women. This study was conducted to identify the baseline data and their correlation of health perception, health behavior, and health status of adult women for developing nursing intervention. The study was a descriptive correlational design. A convenient sampling method was used for collecting data from 103 adult women, over 18 years of age, during the period from Sep 1 to Nov 30, 2001. The study's subjects were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The instruments for this study were the health perception scale modified by Lee(1985) based on the tool developed by Ware(1977) and Jenkins (1966), and the health behavior scale by Ko, Kumja(1987). Health status was measured by the short form Cornell Medical Index(CMI) modified by Nam, Hochang(1965). The data were analyzed SPSS PC+, by frequency, mean, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients. Also, the Duncan test was utilized for a post hoc test of ANOVA. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The mean score for health perception was 3.02(S.D=0.39) on a 5 point scale. 2. The mean score for health behavior was 3.08(S.D=0.43) on a 5 point scale. 3. The mean score for health status was 18.54 on 58 items. The mean score for physical symptoms of a subscale of health status was 11.30 on 36 items and the mean score for psychological symptoms was 7.37 on 22 items. 4. The relationship of sociodemographic variables to health perception. health behavior, and health status of women.: 1) There were significant differences in the scores of health perception by disease experience(t=-3.37, p=0.00). 2) There were significant differences in the scores of health behavior by age(F=10.52, p=0.00), height(F=4.73, p=0.01), marital status(t=-5.56, p=0.00), educational background(t=2.90, p=0.00), and drinking or non-drinking(t=2.17, p=0.03). 3) There were significant differences in the scores of health status by educational background(t=2.28, p=0.02) and disease experience(t=2.61, p=0.01). 5. Health perception showed significant positive correlation with health behavior(r=0.39, p=0.00). Health perception showed significant negative correlation with health status(r=-0.44, p=0.00), that is, the more women perceived health, the less she complained about unhealthy symptoms. Health behavior had no significant correlation with health status but showed a positive correlation with psychological symptoms of a subscale of health status(r=-0.19, p=0.05). Many of the leading causes of disease are preventable through changes in health perception and behavior. The need to increase individual awareness of relationships among health perception, health behavior, and health status and to enhance knowledge regarding the long-term effects of positive health behaviors, is an important nursing strategy for women's health promotion.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.364-369
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• 2012

Isotianil is a novel fungicide which induces systemic acquired resistance in plants. It has excellent preventive effects as low dosages against rice blast which is one of the most serious diseases in rice. The Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) of Isotianil in republic of korea was set to 0.1 mg/kg in rice, so it is necessary to determine levels of Isotianil residues in agricultural commodities for controlling food safety. Therefore, The purpose of this study was to develop analytical method for the determination of isotiical residues in agricultural commodities using GC-NPD/MSD. Isotianil was extracted with acetonitrile from apple, chinese cabbage, hulled rice, mandarin, pepper, and soybean. The extract was diluted with saline water, and then dichloromethane partition was followed to recover this fungcide from the aqueous phase. A solid phase extraction with Florisil cartridge was additionally employed for final clean up. Isotianil was analyzed and quantitated by GC-NPD and confirmed by GC-MSD. Average recovery of Isotianil ranged from 70.0 to 103.9% in six representative agricultural commodities with relative standard deviations less than 10%, and limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.05 mg/kg.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.158-165
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• 2012

A UPLC method for the simultaneous determination of seven compounds was established for the quality control in H. cordata. The UPLC was performed on a $C_{18}$ HSS T3 $2.1{\times}100$ mm, 1.8 ${\mu}m$ column during a 13 minute gradient elution of 0.2% aqueous acetic acid and acetonitrile with the flow rate of 0.2 mL/min at $30^{\circ}C$. The UPLC method was validated according to the ICH guideline of analytical procedures with respect to precision, accuracy, and linearity. The limit of determination and quantitation for the seven compounds were 0.01-0.09 and 0.03-0.28 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The calibration curves of all seven compounds showed good linearity ($r^2$ > 0.999). The intra-day and inter-day the RSD values used to evaluate the precision of analysis were less than 0.9%. The recoveries of quantified compounds ranged from 98.63 to 103.85%. The developed UPLC method was found to be effective, convenient and sensitivity for quantitative analysis of seven compounds in H. cordata. This work could be provided a baseline source for quality control of H. cordata.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.98-103
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• 2014

Purpose: The effective half life of I-131 is useful to calculate radiation dose, period of hospitalization, and exposure dose of surrounding people from patient. However, it is difficult to measure. This study estimates the effective half life in whole body and thyroid in using of value of residual radioactivity obtained from the early and delay images of Dual time I-131 whole body scan. Also, the correlations between the effective half life and serum creatinine, GFR, and administration dose were investigated in this study. Materials and Methods: The targets were 50 patients administration high dose of I-131 from February to August in 2013, having normal range of serum creatinine and over $30{\mu}IU/mL$ of TSH levels. After administration radioactive I-131, the early scan in the 3rd day and the delay scan in the 5-6th days were performed. To measure the residual radioactivity in the whole body and thyroid, ROI was set and then background radioactivity was corrected to estimate. The effective half life was estimated by calculating the ratio of measured values between the early and delay images. To compare the effective half lives of the whole body and thyroid, it was analyzed by Independent t-test, and each correlation of the effective half life, GFR, serum creatinine, and the dose of administration were analyzed by calculating the pearson's correlation coefficient. All of the analysis were determined to be statistically significant when P<0.05. Results: The effective half life of the whole body was $17.06{\pm}5.50$ hours and of the thyroid was $17.22{\pm}5.41$ hours. The two effective half life did not show significant difference (P=0.887). As the value of GFR was increased, the effective half life of whole body (r=-0.407, P=0.003) and of thyroid (r=-0.473, P=0.001) were significantly decreased; as the value of serum creatinine was increased, the effective half life of whole body (r=0.309, P=0.029) and of thyroid (r=0.371, P=0.008) were significantly increased. In the administration dose, effective half life did not have correlations. Conclusion: The effective half life of I-131 of patients treated for their thyroids were estimated only by using the images of Dual time I-131 whole body scan. Also, the correlations with the effective life, GFR, and serum creatinine were examined. This study might be utilized for a study on optimization for the period of hospitalization of patients treated by high dose of I-131 and on evaluation for internal absorbed dose of MIRD schema in application of the effective half life.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to estimate the nutrient intakes and food habits among preschool children in Kyungjoo city. The subjects were 210 preschool children, aged 4 - 6 years. Measurements of the weight, height, chest circumference, and head circumference of the children were conducted. And general home environment and factors related to eating habits for preschool children were collected using a questionnaire that included information about family income, parents' education and occupations. The average weight-length index (WLI) for the subjects was $103.9\%$. Using the WLI, $20.0\%$ of the preschool children were underweight, $48.6\%$ were normal, $19.0\%$ were overweight, and $12.3\%$ were obese. On the R$\ddot{o}$hrer index, $13.8\%$ of the preschool children were underweight, $38.5\%$ were normal, and $47.7\%$ were over weight or obese. The average daily intake ($\%$ of RDA) of energy and each nutrient was 1323.5 kcal ($81.3\%$), Ca 484.3 mg ($80.7\%$), Fe 7.05 mg ($88.1\%$), vitamin A 420.0 RE ($105\%$), vitamin $B_{2}$ 0.76 mg ($95.0\%$), vitamin $B_{2}$ 0.87 mg ($87.0\%$), and vitamin C 53.1 mg ($106.2\%$) , respectively. In particular, older subjects had lower intake in RDA $%$ of calcium and iron. The energy intake ratio from snacks was much higher than the recommended level of the preschool children. With regard to frequency of regularity of breakfast, $1.9\%$ of preschool children skipped every morning and $7.6\%$ of the children skipped more than 5 per week. With regard to the intake frequency of vegetables, fruits, complex carbohydrates, and milk, $13.3\%$, $19.9\%$, $22.8\%$, and $41.8\%$ of the children ate more than 5 times per week. The eating habit score was positively correlated (r = 0.18, P < 0.05) with household income. This study suggests that nutrition education to increase fruit and vegetable consumption for preschool children should be emphasized. Also a nutrition education program is needed to enhance consuming calcium and iron intake for adequate growth.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2013

Recently, the importance of cleansing is emphasized according to increasing use of cosmetics. Even though many cleansing devices with a rotating brush are commercially available, there are no reports about cleansing devices with rotating brushes in Korean literature. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of cleansing device with a rotating brush which was named PBRCF1201 (Amorepacific Co., Korea). 20 volunteers were enrolled in this study. Before and after use of PBRCF1201, we measured the number of black head, skin brightness, desquamation index, sebum, and the number of pores on the face and forearm. Cleansing by cleansing device with a rotating brush was shown to cleanse better than manual cleansing. In addition, the number of black heads, skin brightness, desquamation index, sebum and the number of pore were also improved after cleansing. Therefore, the cleansing device with a rotating brush appears to be an effective cleansing method without causing injury or dryness.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.98-103
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• 2014

This study investigated the confidence, satisfaction, and psychological safety and identified factors affecting the satisfaction of 41 paramedic students. Data, which consists of pre and post-confidence items on visual analogue scale, 21 satisfaction items and 10 psychological safety items was analyzed using SPSS WIN 21.0 program. After the simulation education, the students were told to write what they felt about the education. Then the students' comments, which were categorized as effectiveness and difficulty, were analyzed. Satisfaction of general characteristics showed a significant difference in age (t = -2.22, p = 0.03) and psychological safety of general characteristics showed a significant difference in gender (t = 3.70, p = 0.00) and age (t = -3.65, p = 0.00). Pre-confidence is low (4.37); however, post-confidence increased to 6.22. It showed a significant difference in pre and post-confidence (t = -5.878, p = 0.000). Satisfaction was correlated with psychological safety (r = 0.516, p = 0.001). The variables affecting satisfaction were psychological safety (t = 3.021, p = 0.005) and post-confidence (t = 1.936, p = 0.061). These variables accounted for 27.6% of the satisfaction according to a regression analysis. The simulation education may be the new effective paramedic education strategy of emergency childbirth. Repetitive simulation learning with further development of various scenarios, more education time, and more faculties will be able to train field compatible paramedics.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.327-334
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• 2016

This study was conducted to establish the standard method for the contents of biotin in milk formulas. To optimize the method, we compared several conditions for liquid extraction, purification and instrumental measurement using spiked samples and certified reference material (NIST SRM 1849a) as test materials. LC-MS/MS method for biotin was established using $C_{18}$ column and binary gradient 0.1% formic acid/acetonitrile, 0.1% formic acid/water mobile phase is applied for biotin. Product-ion traces at m/z 245.1 ${\rightarrow}$ 227.1, 166.1 are used for quantitative analysis of biotin. The linearity was over $R^2=0.999$ in range of $5{\sim}60{\mu}g/L$. For purification, chloroform was used as a solvent for eliminating lipids in milk formula. The linearity was over 0.999 in range of 5~60 ng/mL. The detection limit and quantification limit were 0.10, 0.31 ng/mL. The accuracy and precision of LC-MS/MS method using CRM were 103%, 2.5% respectively. Optimized methods were applied in sample analysis to verify the reliability. All the tested milk formulas were acceptable contents of biotin compared with component specification and standards for nutrition labeling. The standard operating procedures were prepared for biotin to provide experimental information and to strengthen the management of nutrient in milk formula.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.373-384
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• 2022

Fluoxastrobin a fungicide developed from Strobilurus species mushroom extracts, can be used as an effective pesticide to control fungal diseases. In this study, we optimized the extraction and purification of fluoxastrobin according to its physical and chemical properties using the QuEChERS method and developed an LC-MS/MS-based analysis method. For extraction, we used acetonitrile as the extraction solvent, along with MgSO₄ and PSA. The limit of quantitation of fluoxastrobin was 0.01 mg/kg. We used 0.01, 0.1, and 0.5 mg/kg of five representative agricultural products and treated them with fluoxastrobin. The coefficients of determination (R²) of fluoxastrobin and fluoxastrobin Z isomer were > 0.998. The average recovery rates of fluoxastrobin (n=5) and fluoxastrobin Z isomer were 75.5-100.3% and 75.0-103.9%, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were < 5.5% and < 4.3% for fluoxastrobin and fluoxastrobin Z isomer, respectively. We also performed an interlaboratory validation at Gwangju Regional Food and Drug Administration and compared the recovery rates and RSDs obtained for fluoxastrobin and fluoxastrobin Z isomer at the external lab with our results to validate our analysis method. In the external lab, the average recovery rates and RSDs of fluoxastrobin and fluoxastrobin Z isomer at each concentration were 79.5-100.5% and 78.8-104.7% and < 18.1% and < 10.2%, respectively. In all treatment groups, the concentrations were less than those described by the 'Codex Alimentarius Commission' and the 'Standard procedure for preparing test methods for food, etc.'. Therefore, fluoxastrobin is safe for use as a pesticide.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.849-860
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• 2009

We compared the physicochemical properties of meat and viscera with regard to the age of abalone (1-, 2-, 3- and 4-year-old abalone). With respect to total amino acids, the level was highest in 1-year-old abalone, at $19,046.00{\pm}548.53\;mg%$, whereas 4-year-old abalone had the lowest value of $15,770.44{\pm}454.19\;mg%$. In the viscera, 3-year-old abalone had the greatest level of total amino acids, at $16,575.10{\pm}477.37\;mg%$, whereas 1-year-old abalone had the lowest, at $14,947.26{\pm}430.48\;mg%$. The level of total free amino acids in meat tended to increase with age whereas that of the viscera fell. The level of polyunsaturated acids decreased with age in meat. The concentration of chondroitin sulfate in both meat and viscera tended to increase with age. This was especially noticeable in meat. The level in 1-year-old abalone, $9.03{\pm}0.23%$ (w/w), rose to $14.17{\pm}0.33%$ in 4-year-old abalone, with statistical significance. On the other hand, the collagen level in both meat and viscera decreased with age. Again, this was particularly noticeable in meat, where the concentration in 1-year-old abalone, $199.70{\pm}5.00\;mg/g$, fell remarkably to the value of $47.86{\pm}1.10\;mg/g$ in 4-year-old abalone. We have thus provided basic data for research on abalone.