• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.647-654
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• 2010

In a service environment, the spatial layout is an important factor that has a great impact on customers' behavioral characteristics including wayfinding and purchasing. Previous studies have shown a gap between marketing, focusing solely on profitability and satisfaction, and architecture, looking only into efficiency of pedestrian flow. To balance such disparity, this study suggests an integrated approach for assessing behavioral patterns in complex service environments. With the objective that complex service environments should aim to increase its profitability and efficiency while guaranteeing customer satisfaction, quantitative metrics was developed for evaluation. The metrics was defined to use data from behavior observation including path tracking, population counting, and gaze analysis, while previous studies have relied on abstract survey methods that were prone to sampling errors and loss of data. For validation of the metrics in a real world setting, a case study was conducted at 4 train stations in Korea. In the case study, experiments were conducted to gather the required data in all 4 train stations, while their physical layouts were also analyzed. With the results from the case study, comparative evaluation of the 4 train stations in terms of behavioral efficiency was possible, together with a discussion on the effect of their physical settings.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.16 no.5 s.110
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• pp.457-469
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• 2006

In automotive engineering, the brand sound is one of the important advantage strategies in a car company. For the design of brand sound, the selection of descriptive word for a car sound is one of major works in automotive sound quality research. In this paper, booming and rumbling sound, which are professional words used by sound and vibration engineers are used for the design of brand sound. We employed sound quality metrics, which are used in the psychoacoustics. By most research results, the relationship between subjective evaluations and sound quality metrics has nonlinear characteristics. In order to correlate these subjective evaluations with sound quality metrics, the artificial neural network technology has been applied to two-dimensional sound quality index for a passenger car. These indexes are used for 46 passenger cars, which are samples of the famous cars around the world. Also a preference evaluation for car sound was carried out by sound and vibration engineers. We coupled this preference with booming and rumbling sounds by using artificial neural network. In future, the two dimensional sound and preference index will be very useful to develop brand sound in passenger cars.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.437-447
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• 2007

A variety of similarity metrics have been used to measure the degree of web page changes. In this paper, we first define criteria for web page changes to evaluate the effectiveness of the similarity metrics in terms of six important types of web page changes. Second, we propose a new similarity metric appropriate for measuring the degree of web page changes. Using real web pages and synthesized pages, we analyze the five existing metrics (i.e., the byte-wise comparison, the TF IDF cosine distance, the word distance, the edit distance, and the shingling) and ours under the proposed criteria. The analysis result shows that our metric represents the changes more effectively than other metrics. We expect that our study can help users select an appropriate metric for particular web applications.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.11C
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• pp.1052-1061
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• 2003

This paper proposes a novel normalization scheme in the state metric calculation unit for the Block-wise MAP Turbo decoder. The proposed scheme subtracts one of four metrics from the state metrics in a trellis stage and shifts, if necessary, those metrics for normalization. The proposed architecture can reduce power consumption and memory requirement by reducing the number of the state metrics by one in a trellis stage in the Block-wise MAP decoder which requires an intensive state metric calculations. Simulation results show that dynamic power has been reduced by 17.9% and area has been reduced by 6.6% in the Turbo decoder employing the proposed normalization scheme, when compared to the conventional Block-wise MAP Turbo decoders.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.151-160
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• 2006

Software quality evaluation system and software evaluation criterion have to be defined to evaluate software reliability. In this study, we develop software reliability quality metrics for evaluating of software reliability and research for testing of suitable criteria of software reliability. To accomplish a study successfully, we have to estimate the failure time of software using the number of software bugs. Software reliability is very important in software quality. We propose the estimation of software reliability. We propose the software reliability metrics and the software testing method that the basis of international standard ISO/IEC 9126 in software testing metrics.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.23-31
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• 2019

We report results of selection-bias-free approaches to the analysis of the impact of open access (OA) models on citation metrics. We studied reference groups of Gold and Green OA articles and the group of non-OA (Paywall) articles with the new functionality of the Web of Science Core Collection database, the InCites platform of Clarivate Analytics, and the Dimensions database of Digital Science. For each reference group we obtained the values of the percent of cited articles and citation impact and their dependence on the depth of the citation period. Different research fields were analyzed in two schemas of the InCites platform. We report the higher values and growth rates of the citation metrics: citation impact and %Cited, in the OA reference groups over the Paywall group. The Green OA articles demonstrate the highest values of citation metrics among all the OA models. Dependence of the value of citation impact on citation period follows linear law with R2 values close to 0.9-1.0. The overall annual growth rates of citation impact of the Green OA, Gold OA, and the Paywall articles, k equal, respectively, 3.6, 2.4, and 1.4 in Dimensions and 4.6, 3.6, and 2.3 in the Web of Science Core Collection. We suppose that earlier results reported for the articles in pure OA journals vs. articles in Paywall journals were affected by the high citation impact of the Green and Hybrid OA articles that could not be elucidated in the Paywall journals at that time.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

Underwater images carry information that is useful in the fields of aquaculture, underwater military security, navigation, transportation, and so on. In this research, we transmitted an underwater image through various underwater mediums in the presence of underwater turbulence and beam attenuation effects using a high-speed visible optical carrier signal. The optical beam undergoes scintillation because of the turbulence and attenuation effects; therefore, distorted images were observed at the receiver end. To understand the behavior of the communication media, we obtained the bit error rate (BER) performance of the system with respect to the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Also, the structural similarity index (SSI) and peak SNR (PSNR) metrics of the received image were evaluated. Based on the received images, we employed suitable nonlinear filters to recover the distorted images and enhance them further. The BER, SSI, and PSNR metrics of the specific nonlinear filters were also evaluated and compared with the unfiltered metrics. These metrics were evaluated using the on-off keying and binary phase-shift keying modulation techniques for the 50-m and 100-m links for beam attenuation resulting from pure seawater, clear ocean water, and coastal ocean water mediums.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2024

This note summarizes the application of zooplankton indices for water quality management and estimation based on main research topics of articles focusing on wetland ecosystems, topics that are remained poorly investigated in S. Korea. The aquatic ecosystem-based consists of indices that respond to different target environmental factors, including environmental disturbance. Among the major indicator species and biota, we reviewed that management strategy for the wetland environment has to be focused more on small-sizes, in terms of zooplankton ecology and indices. The ecology of zooplankton communities in freshwater ecosystem has been the focus of an increasing number of studies since 2019, and considerable progress has been made in understanding the major mechanisms involved in regulating their abundance, diversity and spatio-temporal patterns. Even though studies on the freshwater ecosystem in Korea have a long history, a few of studies on zooplankton biota were conducted at wetlands. We suggested the candidate zooplankton indices proposed by the U.S. EPA and EU to suit Korean conditions. In the step of selecting metrics, the best available metrics are species-related variables, such as composition and abundance, as well as richness and diversity. Overall, in spite of several limitations, the development of a plankton-based multivariate assessment method in Korea wetlands is possible using mostly field research data. Later, it could be improved based on qualitative metrics on zooplankton, and with the emergence of further survey data. The present information can be used as basic information for researchers who are dealing with aquatic environments and its interaction with organisms.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.49-55
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• 2024

Code smells, used by Kent Beck, indicate potential quality issues and suggest the need for refactoring. This paper evaluates code smells in the LEA codebase, focusing on categorization and associated metrics. The research analyze LEA_core.c and LEA.cpp, highlighting differences in code quality and complexity. And metrics such as LOC, NOM, NOA, CYCLO, MAXNESTING, and FANOUT are used to assess size, complexity, coupling, encapsulation, inheritance, and cohesion. In the result of research, LEA_core.c is found to be more complex and challenging to maintain compared to LEA.cpp. In future work, we will develop automated tools for real-time code smell detection and refactoring suggestions

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.315-326
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• 2000

As Internet is being widely used as an infra of distributed applications, the most of today's softwares are changing into Internet-based distributed applications. The development methods using the middleware, like CORBA ORB, make the development of the web-based software easy. However, the performance verification method useful for an optimized software distribution is not provided at software development. Additionally, monitoring methods and metrics for dynamic load-balancing are not presented at run-time. This paper presents the method to monitor the message between objects, load metric, and metrics for load-balancing. To calculate a load of a node, we define events occurred between applications, time between the events, then extract the data related to a load. And we derive formula calculating the load from the extracted data. Then using the formula, we present the metrics for dynamic load-balancing. Moreover, we observe the utilization and efficiency of the monitoring algorithm, load metric, and load-balancing metrics.