• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.404-408
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• 1999

To analyze the possibility for the genetic improvement at the early period at 60 days of age in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Genetic parameters on eight traits, total length (TL), standrad length (SL), head length (HL), body depth (BD), body height at the origin of dorsal fin (BH1), length from the origin of dorsal fin to the origin of dorsal fin (BH2), snout length (SNL), and body weight (BW), were estimated by sib analysis. Heritabilities estimated from sire, dam and full-sib components were moderately high in all metric traits, ranged 0.08$\~$0.70, 0.22$\~$0.41 and 0.18$\~$0.55, respectively. Those of SL from sire, dam, and full-sib component were estimated as 0.13, 0.22, and 0.18, respectively, Besides BH1, BH2 also showed high heritabilities, $h^2_s$ (0.08), $h^2_d$ (0.38) and $h^2_{s+d}$ (0.23), indicating that it would be a new production-related metric trait for selection. Among the metric traits, phenotypic and genetic correlation coefficients were ranged from 0,86 to 0.97 and from 0.90 to 0.99, respectively. Thus, genetic improvement would be possible at the early growth rate by the individual selection in tilapia.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2012

To meet the local requirement i.e. the tropical stress of Andhra Pradesh and marginal farmers, twenty four new hybrid combinations were tested in Line x Tester method involving eight newly developed polyvoltine oval lines viz., MSO1, MSO2, MSO3, MSO4, MSO5, MSO6, MSO7 and MSO8 and three bivoltine silkworm breeds viz., APS12, APS45 and APS8 as testers. These hybrids were reared to evaluate their performance. Data for eight economically important metric traits viz., fecundity, cocoon yield per 10,000 larvae by number, cocoon yield per 10,000 larvae by weight, survival rate, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell ratio and filament length was recorded. General combining ability (gca), specific combining ability (sca) and heterosis were analyzed. Further, the relative merit of the hybrids for all the traits under study was also assessed adopting Evaluation Index method. Based on combining ability effects, heterosis and evaluation index, five hybrid combinations viz., MSO3 $\times$ APS45, MSO1 $\times$ APS12, MSO7 $\times$ APS8, MSO2 $\times$ APS45 and MSO1 $\times$ APS45 were selected for further evaluation in different seasons.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.113-115
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• 2004

Six generations (P$_1$, P$_2$, F$_1$, BC$_1$, BC$_2$ and F$_2$) of four bivoltine silkworm crosses (SKAU-R-1 ${\times}$ Yakwei, SKAU-R-6 ${\times}$ Yakwei, CSR$_2$ ${\times}$ CSR$_4$ and SH$_{6}$${\times}$ NB$_4$D$_2$) were evaluated in a completely randomized block design with 5 replications for each treatment. The generation mean 2 in respect of 3 metric traits (single cocoon weight, single shell weight, and shell ratio ％), were subjected to Cavallis joint scaling test. Additive dominance model was found to be adequate in CSR$_2$${\times}$CSR$_4$ and SH$_{6}$${\times}$ NB$_4$D$_2$ for single cocoon weight and shell weight and SKAU-R-6 ${\times}$ Yakwei for shell ratio(％). Whereas, in rest of the crosses epistasis was evident in the traits under investigation. Magnitude of additive gene effect (d) was greater than dominance(h) in SH$_{6}$${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$ and SKUA-R-6${\times}$Yakwei for shell ratio (％) and in CSR$_2$${\times}$ CSR$_4$ for shell weight. Thus selection for these traits in early segregating generations of these crosses would be effective for obtaining considerable genetic gain. gain.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.279-281
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• 2004

Components of genetic variation were estimated for five metric traits using 24 biparental progenies (N. C. Design III) generated from F$_2$ generation of a commercial bivoltine silkworm hybrid, SH$_{6}$${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$. Variance due to additive ($\sigma$$^2$A) and dominance ($\sigma$$^2$D) gene effects was significant for single cocoon weight and shell weight. However, magnitude of former was greater than latter indicating preponderance of additive gene action in the inheritance of these two traits. Average degree of dominance was in the range of partial dominance for all the traits. High estimates of heritability (ns) indicated operation of genes with large additive effects, hence, scope exists for improvement of present populations through a few cycles of selection.n.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.249-262
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• 2021

The most effective way to control newly emerging infectious disease, such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, is to strengthen preventative or therapeutic public health strategies before the infection spreads worldwide. However, global health systems remain at the early stages in anticipating effective therapeutics or vaccines to combat the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. While maintaining social distance is the most crucial metric to avoid spreading the virus, symptomatic therapy given to patients on the clinical manifestations helps save lives. The molecular properties of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been quickly elucidated, paving the way to therapeutics, vaccine development, and other medical interventions. Despite this progress, the detailed biomolecular mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection remains elusive. Given virus invasion of cells is a determining factor for virulence, understanding the viral entry process can be a mainstay in controlling newly emerged viruses. Since viral entry is mediated by selective cellular proteases or proteins associated with receptors, identification and functional analysis of these proteins could provide a way to disrupt virus propagation. This review comprehensively discusses cellular machinery necessary for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Understanding multifactorial traits of the virus entry will provide a substantial guide to facilitate antiviral drug development.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.31-45
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• 2020

The biological indices based on the community structure with species richness and/or abundance are commonly used to assess aquatic ecosystem health. Meanwhile, recently functional traits-based approach is considered in ecosystem health assessment to reflect ecosystem functioning. In this study, we developed a database of biological traits for 136 taxa consisting of major stream insects (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera, and Odonata) collected at Korean streams on the nationwide scale. In addition, we obtained environmental variables in five categories (geography, climate, land use, hydrology and physicochemistry) measured at each sampling site. We evaluated the relationships between community indices based on taxonomic diversity and functional diversity estimated from biological traits. We classified sampling sites based on similarities of their environmental variables and evaluated relations between clusters of sampling sites and diversity indices and biological traits. Our results showed that functional diversity was highly correlated with Shannon diversity index and species richness. The six clusters of sampling sites defined by a hierarchical cluster analysis reflected differences of their environmental variables. Samples in cluster 1 were mostly from high altitude areas, whereas samples in cluster 6 were from lowland areas. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) displayed similar patterns with cluster analysis and presented variation of taxonomic diversity and functional diversity. Based on NMDS and community-weighted mean trait value matrix, species in clusters 1-3 displayed the resistance strategy in the life history strategy to the environmental variables whereas species in clusters 4-6 presented the resilience strategy. These results suggest that functional diversity can complement the biological monitoring assessment based on taxonomic diversity and can be used as biological monitoring assessment tool reflecting changes of ecosystem functioning responding to environmental changes.