• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.98-103
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• 2012

This study has been conducted to screen the decolorization of 4 aromatic synthetic dyes and production of ligninolytic enzymes by 4 white rot fungi such as Bjerkanderia adusta, Cerrena unicolor, Pleurotus pulmonarius and Abortiporus biennis. It was found that B. adusta, C. unicolor, and P. pulmonarius have the ability to efficiently decolorize congo red and moderately decolorized amaranth and orange G in solid and liquid culture media. However, the decolorization rate of 4 synthetic dyes by A. biennis was relatively low. The decolorization of congo red, amaranth, orange G were related to the growth rate of the fungal mycelia in the solid medium. But, the all fungi tested did not efficiently decolorize methylene blue in the liquid culture media. To investigate the production of ligninolytic enzymes in media containing aromatic compounds, fungi were cultured in 1% naphthalene supplemented potato dextrose broth medium. All fungi tested had the capability to produce laccase, lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase, and B. adusta was the best ligninolytic enzymes producing white rot fungus among other fungi tested.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.423-430
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• 2019

In this study, the flexural strength, absorption rate, methylene blue photo catalyst decomposition performance and anti-fouling performance were evaluated according to the photo catalyst mixing rate and block surface wash status by applying photo catalyst to the surface layer of concrete sidewalk block. The results showed that the flexural strength of the block that mixed photo catalyst only in the surface layer of the concrete block was 5.32MPa of the general block (SNW) of 5% photo catalyst, compared to 5.46MPa of the non-mixed concrete block of the reference concrete block. Surface washing block (SW) 5.26MPa, 10% photo catalyst general block (SNW) 5.26MPa, and 5.15MPa surface washing block (SW). It has been shown that the presence of surface washing and the mixing rate of photo catalyst in the concrete block have no effect on the flexural strength. Moreover, the photoreaction performance of concrete sidewalk blocks showed that the methylene blue removal rate of specimens with 5% TiO₂ was 34.2%, the methylene blue removal rate of specimens with 10% TiO₂ was 37.1%, and the removal rate of the methylene blue of specimens with 5% TiO₂ was about 37.9% and 10% mixed specimens with TiO₂ was about 37.6%.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2022

As the use of chemical products increases in daily life, the removal of dye waste has also emerged as an important environmental issue. This dye waste can be decomposed using a photocatalyst, and the photocatalyst can be synthesized very cost-effectively by using the sol-gel technology. The sol-gel technology is not only very useful for nanoscale film formation, but also can simply form multilayer structures. Using a multiple spin coating method, in this study, a ZnO film with a multilayered structure (3 layers, 5 layers) was formed by using zinc oxide (ZnO), which is effective in decomposing various dyes. For performance comparison, a ZnO film having a single layer structure by a single spin coating method was prepared as a control. Structural and elemental analysis of ZnO film was performed using an X-ray diffraction analyzer and an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. A nanowire-like surface morphology could be observed through a scanning electron microscope. Additionally, UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to measure the absorbance of UV light. The ZnO film with a five-layer structure degraded the simulated methylene blue by 49% more than the ZnO film with a single-layer structure. In conclusion, it was found that ZnO having a multilayered structure is useful as a photocatalyst that decomposes methylene blue dye more effectively.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.252-256
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• 1997

The white rot fungus Coriolus hiysutus decolorized several recalcitrant dyes. Four different types of dyes, including azo, triphenyl methane, heterocyclic, and polymeric dye, were treated by the mycelial preparation. Triphenyl methane dye, bromophenol blue lost over 95% of its color. Congo red and Poly R-478 were decolorized less than bromophenol blue, 57 and 55%, respectively. However, heterocyclic dye, methylene blue was not decolorized significantly and only red shift was observed. Extracellular laccase and peroxidase activities were appeared maximally in high level of dye decolorization media. In electrophoretic experiments, common active bands of laccase and peroxidase were found in all dye decolorized medium. These results indicated that the culture conditions which yield high levels of laccase and peroxidase activity lead to high levels of dye decolorization, and these two enzymes might be play an important roles in dye decolorization.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.44-48
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• 2012

In this study, whether Giemsa staining solution can accurately determine bacterial contamination of liquid spawn for Flammulina velutipes in a short period of time was investigated. Giemsa solution staining cells of blood, bone marrow, lymph node, malaria parasites, rickettsia et al. was prepared by dissolving basic methylene azul and methylene blue, and acidic eosine in methyl alcohol-glycerine. Supernatant samples of Flammulina velutipes liquid spawn cultured under explosive aeration were placed on a slide, mixed with Gimesa solution and examined with optical microscope after staining. In 40 to 60 seconds bacterial cells were distinguishable from soybean meal residual and hyphal cell fragments. Thus we conclude that microscopy using Gimesa staining solution is a quick, simple and accurate method for the mushroom growers to effectively use to detect bacterial contamination of the liquid spawn.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.242-253
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• 1996

Penetration degree of several dyes into dentinal tubules in vivo was compared with in vitro, and experimental sensitivity of those dyes was investigated in 64 canines of 16 cats. Dentin 1mm below cusp tip was exposed by cross-sectioning with diamond disc. Pulp of 32 canines were extirpated through cervical cavities. In the presence of smear layer or after add-etching with 37% phosphoric acid to the exposed dentin surface, acrylic collar and resin cap was attached to keep dyes. 52 mmol/$\ell$ Evans' blue, 2% Methylene blue, 10 % Silver nitrate and 5% Fluorescene were then applicated on each 4 canines respectively for 30 minutes. After rinsing, the canines were ground-sectioned longitudinally and linear dye penetration was measured under microscope. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. Evans' blue and Methylene blue penetrated significantly(P<0.05) more in vitro than in vivo only in the cases that exposed dentin surfaces were not etched with acid. 2. Silver nitrate penetrated significantly(P<0.05) more in vitro than in vivo in both cases that exposed dentin surfaces remained intact and were etched with acid. 3. The penetration degree of Fluorescene did not show statistical significance between in vivo and in vitro or in acid-etched and in not acid-etched cases.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.507-513
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of immersion in water at 3, 5, 7, and 10 minutes after mixing on the surface of three regular and one light-curing glass-ionomer cement by measuring penetration of a methylene blue solution. Early solubility of these cements was also measured and compared with that of a zinc phosphate and a polycarboxylate cement. A blue-stained zone was observed in all glass-ionomer cement, but an inner, opaque zone was observed in only two of the regular glass-ionomer cements. Extending the time between start of mixing and immersion on water decreased the width of both zones in all cements and markedly lowered the loss of substance from the surface of regular glass-ionomer cements. However, time after mixing had no or only a limited effect on the loss of substance from the light-curing glass-ionomer cement, the zine phosphate cement, or the polycarboxylate cement.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.251-255
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• 2022

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.99-103
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• 2002

Geopungdodam-tang(GDT) have been used in oriental medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent of apoplexy. The mechanism of GDT on the cerebral blood flow is not known. The purpose of this Study was to investigate effects of GDT on the pial arterial diameter and action mechanism of GDT-induced increased regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF). The changes of regional cerebral blood f1ow(rCBF) was determinated by Laser-Doppler Flowmetry(LDF), and the changes of pial arterial diametet were determinated by video microscopy methods and video analyzer. The results were as follows ; 1. Pial arterial diameter was significantly increased by GDT in a dose-dependent manner. 2. Pretreatment with L-NNA significantly inhibited GDT induced increased rCBF. 3. Pretreatment with methylene blue significantly inhibited GDT induced increased rCBF. 4. Pretreatment with indomethacin inhibited GDT induced increased rCBF. These results suggest that GDT causes a diverse response of cerebral hemodynamics(rCBF and pial arterial diameter). The cerebral hemodynamics is also mediated by nitric oxide synthase, cyclic GMP(guanylyl cydase) and prostaglandin(cyclooxygenase).

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.783-788
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• 2004

Cheonmabanhwa- Tang (CBT) has been used in the Oriental Medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent for dizziness due to Poong-Dam, We reported that CBT had effects on the cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), pial arterial diameter (PAD), and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP)] in normal and cerebral ischemic rats. Therefor we designed to determine the mechanism of action of CBT. The changes of rCBF and MABP were determinated by laser-Doppler flowmetry(LDF), and the change of PAD was determinated by video-microscopy. The results were as follows: The CBT-induced increase in rCBF was significnatly inhibited by pretreatment with indomethacin (IDN, 1 ㎎/㎏, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, or methylene blue (MTB, 10 ㎍/㎏, i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase. The CBT-induced increase in PAD was also significantly inhibited by pretreatment with IDN or MTB. The CBT-induced increase in MABP was also significantly inhibited by pretreatment with IDN or MTB. In conclusion, it is suggested that CBT causes a diverse effect on cerebral hemodynamics via mediation of cyclooxygenase and guanylate cyclase.