• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.272-281
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• 2023

It has been known that Paeoniae Radix (PR) contains monoterpene glycosides showing a variety of biological activities such as anti-spasmodic, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, neuroprotective, and sedative effects. This study aimed to find the cytotoxic compounds isolated from the dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂)- and ethyl acetate-soluble fractions of PR. As results, thirteen compounds (1-13) were isolated and the chemical structures were identified. In addition, the human alveolar adenocarcinoma cell line (A549) was treated with isolated compounds to determine the cytotoxic effect via evaluation of cell viability. The reduction of A549 cell viability was shown as following order; gallic acid (8) > (2S)-naringenin (9) > methyl gallate (10)>6'-O-benzoylpaeoniflorin (7) > palmitic acid (3). Especially, 7 did not show the cytotoxicity in the human lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5). The effect of 7 on the cell viabilities in A549 and MRC-5 is firstly reported in this study. Further study is required to find out the cytotoxic mechanism and the selectivity for the cancer cells of 7 in detail.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.285-290
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• 1997

Previously, a 50% aqueous methanol extract of Galla rhois was shown to be the most potent tyrosinase inhibition activity with an {TEX}$IC_{50}${/TEX}(the concentration causing 50% inhibition of tyrosinase activity) of 0.2mg/ml of 205 crude drug extracts. To isolate tyrosinase inhibitors, the methanol extract was evaporated to a small volume in vacuo, and then partitioned stepwise with benzene and ethyl acetate(EtOAc). the EtOAc fraction was solubilized in 10% MeOH solution, and then fractionated successively by Diaion HP-20 and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and preparative HPLC. Three phenolic compounds were isolated, and characterized as gallic acid(GA), methyl gallate(MG) and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-$\beta$-D-glucose(PGG) by UV, IR, {TEX}${1}^H${/TEX}-&{TEX}${13}^C${/TEX}-NMR, and FAB-MS spectroscopy, PGG({TEX}$IC_{50}${/TEX}=50$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) showed a considerable inhibitory effect against mushroom tyrosinase, while GA({TEX}$IC_{50}${/TEX}=1.6mg/ml) and MG({TEX}$IC_{50}${/TEX}=234$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) did not show an appreciable effect. Meanwhile, MG inhibited greatly melanogenesis in a murine melanocyte cell line, Mel-Ab. MG and PGG showed typical noncompetitive inhibition patterns against mushroom tyrosinase. These results suggest that PGG and MG may be potentially useful as either anti-browning or anti-melanogenic agents in foods and cosmetics.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.170-176
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• 1996

A chemical examination of the aerial parts of Euphorbia pekinensis $R_{UPRECHT}$. (Euphorbiaceae) has led to the isolation of seven hydrolyzable tannins and ten fl avonoid glycosides. The former ones have been identified as gallic acid, methylgallate, 3-O-galloyl shikimic acid, 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-${\beta}-_D$-glucose, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-${\beta}-_D$-glucose, corilagin, geraniin and the latter ones as isoquercitrin, quercitrin, astragalin, afzelin, prunin, rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-(2"-O-galloyl)-${\beta}-_D$-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-(2"-O-galloyl)-${\alpha}-_L$-rhamnoside on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2015

Several $19{\alpha}$-hydroxyursane-type triterpenoids and hydrolysable tannins have beneficial effects on human health. Rubus crataegifolius (Rosaceae) has the cleft simple leaf whereas R. parvifolius has pinnate compound leaves. This research was aimed to find the variation in the contents of the triterpenoids and tannins between the infected versus uninfected leaves of R. coreanus and R. parvifolius and between young versus mature leaves. Triterpenoids and tannins were quantitatively analyzed by HPLC. Six triterpenoids including tormentic acid, euscaphic acid, 23-hydroxytormentic acid, coreanoside $F_1$, kaji-ichigoside $F_1$ and niga-ichigoside $F_1$ were used for standard compounds. Gallotannins and ellagitannins were quantitatively evaluated using the indicatives of methyl gallate and ellagic acid. The infected leaves of R. crataegifolius contained higher levels of triterpenoids and tannin than the uninfected leaves; however, lower quantity of total tannin was observed in the mature leaves than in the young leaves. Although the pinnate compound leaves of R. parvifolius exhibited similar tendency of those compositional variation with R. crataegifolius each other, its contents of triterpenoids do not considerably vary. Variation of the contents of triterpenoids and tannins were particularly distinct in R. crataegifolius by growth and infection.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.269-273
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• 2014

Activity guided phytochemical examination of the rhizome of Phragmites communis has led to the isolation of two phenolic acids and two lignans. Structures of these compounds were elucidated as methyl gallate (1), ${\rho}$ -hydroxy cinnamic acid (2), (+) -lyoniresinol (3), (+)-lyoniresinol-9'-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (4) by comparisons with previously reported spectral data. To investigate the melanogenesis inhibitory effects of these compounds, the melanin level and tyrosinase activity were examined in B16F10 melanoma cell. Each compound inhibited both tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis compared with positive control, kojic acid and arbutin. These results suggest that the phenolic compounds from Phragmites communis might be developed as a potent skin whitenting cosmeceuticals.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.31-33
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• 2003

A triterpenoid glucoside and five phenolic compounds have been isolated from the roots and leaves of Rosa davurica. They were elucidated as rosamultin and gallic acid from the roots, and methyl gallate, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, quercetin and hyperoside from the leaves of this plant, respectively.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.126-129
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• 2014

Bioactivity-guided investigation on whole plant of Euphorbia supina, using LPS-induced Raw264.7 cells, led to the identificaiton of a tannin which was not reported from this plant along with four known constituents (quercetin, astragalin, juglanin and methyl gallate). The structure of the tannin was determined as corilagin by the interpretation of NMR (1D and 2D) and MS spectroscopic data. All the isolates were tested for the inhibitory activity against NO production in LPS-induced Raw264.7 cells. Among the tested isolates, corilagin was found to be the most active compound.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.452-456
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• 2010

Paeony flowers to separate substances contained in the ETOH extract the polyphenol materials sympathetic to the HPLC, anti-aging and whiting used in the cosmetics extract and comparing the results follows. Extracted by a different way to keep the flowers found in the experiment, after 1 year when stored frozen material and did not show changes in appearance. Concentrated extract by HPLC, investigated the content of the type of polyphenol naringin, sinapic acid, methyl gallate, syringic acid were detected, including 11 kinds. Learn anti-aging effect in the experiment for the EtOH 80% extract showed excellent efficacy in the remaining conditions were low. The whitening effect Peony Flower extract higher than arbutin paeoniflorin was the main ingredient.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.600-609
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• 1995

Studies on the pharmaco-constituents from the leaves of Cercts chinensis which have been used for the treatment of inflammation, contusion, dilated blood, pain of heart and stomach, edema, etc. in Korean folk remedies were carried out. Dried leaves of the plant were extracted with MeOH. The MeOH extract was suspended in distilled water and subsequently fractionated with $Et_{2}O$ and n-BuOH. From the $Et_{2}O$ and n-BuOH fractions, six phenolic compounds were isolated and identified as myricitrin($C_{21}H_{20}O_{12}, {\;}m.p.{\;}199~200^{\circ}$. $4myricetin-3-O-{\alpha}-L-rhamnopyranoside$), kaempferol($C_{15}H_{10}O_{6}, {\;}m.p. 276^{\circ}$), quercetin($C_{15}Ha_{10}O_{7}, {\;}m.p.{\;}313~314^{\circ}$), quercitrin ($C_{21}H_{20}O_{12}, {\;}m.p.{\;}176~178^{\circ}, {\;}quercetin-3-O-{\alpha}-L-rhamnopyranoside$), gallicin ($C_{8}H_{8}O_{5}, {\;}m.p.{\;}202~203^{\circ}$. methyl gallate), gallic acid ($C_{7}H_{6}O_{5}, {\;}m.p.{\;}260~265^{\circ}) through their physico-chemical data and UV, IR, EI-MS, $^{13}C-NMR$, and $^{1}H-NMR$ analysis with authentics.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.695-703
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to measure the bioactivity and antioxidant activity of Orostachys japonicus A. Berger. Orostachys japonicus A. Berger have been known to contain functional materials such as kaempferol, hydroquinone, methyl gallate, quercetin, gallic acid etc. To identify the main functional materials of Orostachys japonicus A. Berger, the contents of flavonoid and phenol were measured. We extracted Orostachys japonicus A. Berger powder from four solvents such as chloroform:methanol (CM, 2:1, v/v), distilled water (DW), 70% methanol, 70% ethanol. After that, this study determined tannin, total phenol, flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power and reducing power of Orostachys japonicus A. Berger extracts and as results of comparing each extract. respectively. From the above results shows that antioxidant activity and bioactivity of Orostachys japonicus A. Berger extracts was higher in the order of 70% ethanol, 70% methanol, DW and CM (p<0.05). The results showed that antioxidant activity of Orostachys japonicus A. Berger extracts supposed to affect by the total phenol and flavonoid contents.