• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.91-103
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• 2006

Objectives : Etiological studies of diabetes and its complications showed that oxidative stress might play a major role. Therefore, many effects have been fried to regulate oxygen free radicals for treating diabetes and its complications. Because Holotrichia has been known to be effective for the treatment of diabetes, the methanol extract of Holotrichia was tested for its effectiveness in reducing the oxidative stress induced by streptozotocin. Methods : Holotrichia was washed, dried in the shade and crushed. The crushed Holotrichia was extracted 3 times, each time with 3 volumes of methyl alcohol at $60^{\circ}C$ for 24h. The extract was filtered and evaporated under a reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to yield 17 g. Holotrichia extract was oral-administed to the diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin 50 mg per 1 kg of body weight for 20 days. The efficacy of the Holotrichia extract was examined with regard to the enzymatic pathways involved in the oxygen free radical production and the glutathione balance. Results : The Effects of the methanol extract of Holotrichia in streptozotocin-induced diabolic rats with regards to body weight, blood glucose level, hepatic lipid peroxide level, hepatic superoxide anion radical content. hepatic xanthine oxidase activity and type conversion rate, hepatic glutathione level, hepatic aldose reductase activity, and hepatic sorbitol dehydrogenase activity were shown to be good enough to cure and prevent the diabetes and its complications. Conclusions : These results indicated that Holotrichia might reduce the oxidative stress in the tissues and organs by regulating the production of oxygen free radicals. Especially, Holotrichia might prevent and cure the diabetes and its complications by reducing the oxidative stress in the ${\beta}$-cells of pancreas. Some suggestions on biophoton experiments were made.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2007

Persimmon is well-known as a Korean traditional medicine for alleviating coughs and enhancing blood circulation; it is also used for treatment of hypertension, cancer, diabetes and atherosclerosis. To evaluate the protective properties of persimmon leaf methanol extract (PLME) and persimmon fruit methanol extract (PFME) administration on acute ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity, C57BL/6 male mice were gavaged with or without persimmon extracts for 1 week. Hepatotoxicity was then induced by gavage of 5 g/kg BW ethanol. After 12 hr of ethanol administration, blood and liver were collected and analyzed for biochemical markers of hepatotoxicity. The results showed PLME and PFME treatments decreased the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) compared with ethanol control. Both PLME and PFME reduced serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, but elevated alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. Serum triglyceride (TG) and hepatic cholesterol levels were significantly decreased when treated with PLME and PFME. Liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly decreased in PLME and PFME groups compared with ethanol control. Furthermore, the administration of PLME and PFME significantly increased the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GSH-red). In summary, PLME and PFME appeared to prevent hepatic injury by accelerating alcohol metabolism by increasing alcohol-metabolizing enzyme activities, by activating the antioxidative enzyme system against oxidative stress, and by decreasing fat accumulation, which is evidenced by decreased hepatotoxic indices in serum.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.985-990
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• 1995

Grapefruit 종자추출물(GFSE)에는 박테리아와 곰팡이류들에 대하여 항균 효과를 갖는 성분이 있다고 알려져 있다. 배나무에 병반에서 분리한 Enterobacter pyrinus도 GFSE를 가하여 준 배지에서 생육이 억제되었다. 대조군이 stationary phase로 접어든 배양 20시간까지 GFSE의 최종 농도가 0.01%를 함유한 배지에서 E. pyrinus는 전혀 성장하지 못하였다. 항균 성분을 분리하기 위하여 GFSE를 용매추출하여 친수성 분획과 소수성 분획으로 나누었을 때 억제 효과는 소수성 분획에서 관찰되었다. GFSE가 에너지 대사에 관여하는 몇가지 효소에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 본 결과, hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase와 succinate dehydrogenase 등에는 별다른 효과를 나타내지 않았다. 세포막에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 ${\beta}-galactosidase$의 인위적 기질인 ONPG의 분해 여부를 조사한 결과, GFSE는 세포막에 영향을 끼침을 관찰하였다. GFSE의 항균 성분을 분리 확인하기 위해서 HPLC $C_{18}$ reverse phase column chromatography를 하여 5개의 peak를 얻었으며, 이중 1개의 분획에서 강한 항균 활성을 검출하였다. 이 분획을 GC-Mass로 사용하여 분석한 결과 1-chloro-2-methyl-benzene (o-toluene), N,N-dimethyl-benzenemethaneamine, 1-[2-(2-ethylethoxy)ethoxy]-4- (1,1,3,3-tetramethyl)-bezene 이외에 분획의 대부분을 차지하는 1개의 물질을 포함하여, 확인하지 못한 3개의 물질이 있음을 알았으며, GFSE의 항균활성을 보이는 성분은 새로운 물질일 가능성을 시사하였다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.249-257
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• 1994

The cytotoxic and antitumor activity of Perilla frutescens extract on cultured 3T3 fibroblast and skin melanoma cells were evaluated by tetrazolium MTT (MTT) and neutral red (NR) colorimetric assay methods. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was also measured. The light microscopic study was carried out to observe morphological changes of cultured mouse fibroblast and skin melanoma cells. The results were as follows: 1. Water and ether extracts showed a significant cytotoxicity in 3T3 fibroblast and all extracts exhibited a significant anti-tumor activity in skin melanoma cells. Methanol, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts showed low cytotoxic effects, but exhibited a high anti-tumor activity. 2. The MTT absorbance in 3T3 fibroblast was significantly decreased by treatment with ether, water, chloroform and ethanol extracts and skin melanoma cells was significantly decreased by treatment with all extracts. The difference in MTT absorbance in two cell types was most remarkable when treated with methanol and ethanol extracts. 3. Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed the strongest effect in growth inhibition of melanoma cells. These results indicated that methanol extract possessed a low cytotoxicity and a strong anti-tumor activity.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.200-205
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• 1997

Bothl $Ca^{2+}$ and Sr$^{2+}$-containing methanol dehydrogenases (MDH) were purified to homogeneity with yields of 48% and 42%, respectively, from Methylabacillus methanolovorus sp. strain SK5. Most of the biochemical and structural properties were similar to each other. However, some differences were found: (1) although the overall shape of the absorption spectrum of Sr$^{2+}$-MDH was very similar to that of $Ca^{2+}$-MDH, the absorption intensity originating from the cofactor in Sr$^{2+}$. MDH was higher than that in $Ca^{2+}$-MDH. Small blue shift of the maximum was also observed. These are probably due to a difference in redox state of the cofactors in $Ca^{2+}$ and Sr$^{2+}$-MDH; (2) Sr$^{2+}$-MDH was more heat-stable than $Ca^{2+}$-MDH above 56$^{\circ}C$; (3) the V$_{max}$ values for the methanol-dependent activities of Sr$^{2+}$- and $Ca^{2+}$-MDH in the presence of 3 mM KCN were 2.038 and 808 nmol/mg protein/min, respectively. In addition, the $K_{m}$ values of Sr$^{2+}$ and $Ca^{2+}$ MDH for methanol were 12 and 21 $\mu$M, respectively; (4) the endogenous activity of $Ca^{2+}$-MDH was more sensitive than that of Sr$^{2+}$-MDH in the presence of cyanide; (5) Diethyl pyrocarbonate treatment increased the enzyme activities of $Ca^{2+}$- and Sr$^{2+}$-MDH 4.2- and 1.4-folds, respectively. These results indicate that Sr$^{2+}$ stabilizes the structural conformation and enhances the activity of MDH more than $Ca^{2+}$.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.188-192
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• 1999

To study effects of methanol extract of prosomillet on lopid metabolism , five groups of male Sprang-Dawley rats weighing 116$\pm$9 g were fed test diets for four weeks. The five diets consisted of one low fat(5% w/w) diet containing starch as carbohydrate source(normal) and four high fat diets(15% w/w) containing 40.5%(w/w)sucrose(control) and additional 80% nethanol extractof prosomillet at the levels of 0.3% and 1%(w/w) or prosomillet powder at the level of 20%(w/w). Serum level of total cholesterol was a little higher but that of triglyceride was 41% lower in 20% (w/w) prosomillet powder group than in the control group. The cholesterol levels of two Liver cholesterol levels were lower and phospolipid levels higher in all three prosomillet powder group . Fecal excretionof bile acid was most increased in the prosomillet powder group among all five test groups. Acitivity of liver microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase was significantly lower in 0.3% methanol extract fed group than the control and also appeared to be reduced in 1% extract fed one, wherease those of 20 cholesterol 7$\alpha$-hydroxylase were not different among the five groups. Activities of liver cytosilic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PDH) and malic enzyme were decreased in 0.3% prosomillet methanol extract and 20% powder groups. The results indicate that in addition to fiber, certain active components in prosomillet have potential to exert hypolipidemic effects via regulating hepatic cholesterogenesis and lipogenesis.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.212-220
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• 1995

본 연구에서는 강제성 에탄자화균인 M. trichas P parium OB3b를 메탄융기질에서 배양하면서 여러 환 경요인 벚 배지요인의 영향을 조사하고 최적 배양조 건을 구하였다. 또한 배양특성을 메탄기질 성장의 경우와 비교하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과를 요 약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 최대비성장속도는 메탄 기질 성장시 ${\mu}=$0.08hr^{-1}$ 인데 반해 메탄올 기질 성장시에는 ${\mu}=$0.20hr^{-1}$로 2배 이상의 증가를 보였다. 메탄융 최 척농도는 0.5% (v/v)이였다. 2. 질소원으로는 메탄올 기질에서는 암모니아가 질산염보다 우수한 반면 에탄 기질에서는 질산염이 우수하였다. 3. 질소원에 대한 균체수율 $(Y_{X/N})$ 은 탄소원의 종 류와 관계없이 모두 7.14g dry cells/g N으로 통일 하게 냐타났다. 탄소원(MeOH)에 대한 균체수율 $(Y_{X/S})$은 질소원으로 암모니아를 사용한 경우 0 0.8g dry cells/g MeOH이고 질산염을 사용한 경우 는 0.64g dry cells/g MeOH로 암모니아의 경우가 약 20% 가량 높았다. 4. 배양옹도는 최적옹도가 $30^{\circ}C$ 인데 메탄올의 농 도가 높은 경우 고온에셔 에탄융의 독성 증가에 따 른 비성장속도의 큰 감소를 관찰할 수 있었다. 5. pH는 6.5~8.0 범위에 완만한 최척값을 보여 주었다. 6. 인산염의 농도가 증가함에 따라 메탄올탈수소 효소(MDH)의 활성은 급격히 감소하였으나 에탄융 기질에서 균체의 비성장속도는 인산염농도 60mM까 지 거의 일정하였다. 이 결과는 MDH의 활성이 균 체의 최척성장에 필요한 활성의 거의 2배 이상 수준 으로 유지되고 있음을 보여준다. 7. 생물반응기 배양에 서는 pH조절과 메탄올의 첨 가로 최종 균체농도는 2.10mg dry cells/ml까지 볼 수있었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.260-265
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• 2019

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) (EC 1.1.1.1) was selected as the enzyme which will be immobilized on ultrafiltration membrane by fouling with different transmembrane pressure of 1, 2 and 3 bars. ADH will catalyze formaldehyde (CHOH) to methanol ($CH_3OH$) and simultaneously oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to $NAD^+$. The concentration of enzyme and pH are fixed at 0.1 mg/ml and pH 7.0 respectively. The objective of the study focuses on the effect of different transmembrane pressure (TMP) on enzyme immobilization in term of permeate flux, observed rejection, enzyme loading and fouling mechanism. The results showed that at 1 bar holds the lowest enzyme loading which is 1.085 mg while 2 bar holds the highest enzyme loading which is 1.357 mg out of 3.0 mg as the initial enzyme feed. The permeate flux for each TMP decreased with increasing cumulative permeate volume. The observed rejection is linearly correlated with the TMP where increase in TMP will cause a higher observed rejection. Hermia model predicted that at irreversible fouling with standard blocking dominates at TMP of 3 bar, while cake layer and intermediate blocking dominates at 1 and 2 bar respectively.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.483-492
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• 2021

곽향은 식욕부진, 메스꺼움 등의 치료에 사용될 뿐만 아니라 최근에는 항당뇨 효능도 알려졌다. 본 연구에서는 곽향의 항산화력과 주요 성분들을 조사한 다음, in-silico 방법론을 적용하여 타겟 단백질들을 예측하였다. 먼저 메탄올 추출물의 DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거능의 EC50 값은 각각 78.6 ㎍/mL과 31.0 ㎍/mL이었다. 이것은 ascorbic acid의 값(9.9 ㎍/mL, 5.2 ㎍/mL)과 비교할 때 항산화력이 뛰어나다고 할 수 있다. HPLC-PDA-MS/MS를 이용하여 성분들을 정성 분석한 결과, 추출물의 주요 화합물로 rosmarinic acid, tilianin, agastachoside 그리고 acacetin을 확인하였다. 이들 성분들의 항당뇨 작용 타겟 단백질을 DIA-DB 서버를 사용하여 구조 유사도와 inverse doking 방법론을 적용하여 예측하였다. 본 가상 탐색 결과, 주요 타겟 단백질들은 PPAR-γ, DPP IV, glucokinase, α-glucosidase, SGLT2, aldose reductase, corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase로 예측되었다. 그리고 이들 단백질들 중 일부는 이미 실험적으로 검증된 타겟 단백질이었다. 따라서 in silico 검색 방법이 유효하다고 생각할 수 있다. 마지막으로 활성성분들의 최적의 추출 조건을 결정하기 위하여 여러 추출 용매들로 곽향을 추출하였다. 여러 유기 용매들 중에는 메탄올이 그리고 에탄올-물 혼합용매에서는 80% 에탄올이 가장 효과적인 추출 용매로 확인되었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제35권4호통권139호
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• pp.300-308
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• 2004

This study was done to investigate the antidiabetic effect of Glechoma hederacea LINNAEUS in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of STZ at a dose of 45 mg/kg dissolved in citrate buffer. The methanol extract of Glechoma hederacea was orally administrated once a day for 6 days. The contents of serum glucose, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol and Atherogenic Index (Al) were significantly decreased, but high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio (HTR) were significantly increased in Glechoma hederacea treated STZ-sample group compared to the those of STZ-control group. The content of hepatic lipid peroxide and activity of catalase were decreased, but content of glutathione as well as activities of glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase were increased in Glechoma hederacea treated STZ-sample group compared to the those of STZ-control group. The content of hepatic glycogen and activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucokinase were significantly increased, but activity of glucose-6-phosphatase was decreased in Glechoma hederacea treated STZ-sample group compared to the those of STZ-control group. These results indicated that methanol extract of Glechoma hederacea would have antidiabetic effect in STZ-induced diabetic rats.