• Title/Summary/Keyword: meteorological service

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On the Study of the Organization and the Examination System of Gwansanggam in the Joseon Dynasty: Focusing on the Astronomy Division (조선시대 관상감의 직제 및 시험 제도에 관한 연구: 천문학 부서를 중심으로)

  • Lee, Ki-Won
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.98-115
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    • 2008
  • Gwansanggam(觀象監) was a royal office in the Joseon(朝鮮) dynasty, which was in charge of astronomy(天文), geographical feature(地理), calendar-making(曆數), fortune telling(占算), meteorological observation(測候), and so forth. The royal office consisted of three divisions according to the studies (學): Astronomy(天文學), Geography(地理學), and Astrology(命課學). Among them, the Astronomy division carried out the works corresponding partly with academic fields of Earth Science nowaday. In this paper, we investigate the organization and the examination system of Gwansanggam focusing on the Astronomy division. Because Gwansanggam was one of royal offices, the organization, functions, and the rules of the government service examination(科擧試驗) were stipulated in codes published during the period of the Joseon dynasty. From various codes, official books, and records of Sillok(實錄), we firstly find that the scale of Gwansanggam in the number of officials was larger than the known one because the number of petty officials (胥吏), slaves, and artisans (匠人) were neglected in previous studies. Next, we conduct research on the textbooks used in the government service examination of Gwansanggam, particularly of the Astronomy division. Despite of the shortness in contents, we estimate that this is the first systematic attempt to the study on the examination textbooks of Gwansanggam. Finally, we also make some introductions on the regulations applied to the government service examinations of the offices belonging to manual rites (禮典) including Gwansanggam.

A Study on High-resolution Numerical Simulation with Detailed Classification of Landuse and Anthropogenic Heat in Seoul Metropolitan area (수도권지역의 지표이용도 및 인공열 상세적용에 따른 고해상도 수치실험 연구)

  • Lee, Hankyung;Jee, Joon-Bum;Min, Jae-Sik
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.232-245
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    • 2017
  • In this study, the high-resolution numerical simulation results considering landuse characteristics are analyzed by using single layer Urban Canopy Model (UCM) in Weather Research Forecast (WRF). For this, the impact of urban parameters such as roughness length and anthropogenic heat in UCM is analyzed. These values are adjusted to Seoul metropolitan area in Korea. The results of assessment are verified against observation from surface and flux tower. Forecast system equipped with UCM shows an overall improvement in the simulations of meteorological parameters, especially temperature at 2 m, surface sensible and latent heat flux. Major contribution of UCM is appreciably found in urban area rather than non-urban. The non-urban area is indirectly affected. In simulated latent heat flux, applying UCM is possible to simulate the change similarly with observations on urban area. Anthropogenic heat employed in UCM shows the most realistic results in terms of temperature and surface heat flux, indicating thermodynamic treatment of UCM could enhance the skills of high resolution forecast model in urban and non-urban area.

A Study on Dam Exterior Inspection and Cost Standards using Drones (드론을 활용한 댐 외관조사 및 대가기준에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Tae-Hoon;Lee, Jai-Ho;Kim, Do-Seon;Lee, Suk-Bae
    • Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.608-616
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: Safety inspections by existing personnel have been limited in evaluation and data securing due to concerns about the safety of technicians or difficulty in accessing them, and are becoming a bigger problem as the number of maintenance targets increases due to the aging of facilities. As drone technology develops, it is possible to ensure the safety of personnel, secure visual data, and diagnose quickly, and use it is increasing as safety inspection of facilities by drones was introduced recently. In order to further enhance utilization, it is considered necessary to base a consideration standard for facility appearance investigation by drones, and in this paper, research was conducted on dams. Method: To calculate the quality, existing domestic safety inspection and drone-related consideration standards were investigated, and procedures related to safety inspection using drones were compared and analyzed to review work procedures and construction types. In addition, empirical data were collected through drone photography and elevation image production for the actual dam. Result: Work types for safety inspection of facilities using drones were derived, and empirical survey results were collected for two dams according to work types. The existing guidelines were applied for the adjustment ratios for each structural type and standard of the facility, and if a meteorological reference point survey was necessary, the unmanned aerial vehicle survey of the construction work standard was applied. Conclusion: The finer the GSD in appearance investigation using drones, the greater the number of photographs taken, and the concept of adjustment cost was applied as a correction to calculate the consideration standard. In addition, it was found that the problem of maximum GSD indicating limitations should be considered in order to maintain the safe distance.

Recent Variations of UV Irradiance at Seoul 2004~2010 (서울의 최근 자외선 복사의 변화 2004~2010)

  • Kim, Jhoon;Park, Sang Seo;Cho, Nayeong;Kim, Woogyung;Cho, Hi Ku
    • Atmosphere
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.429-438
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    • 2011
  • The climatology of surface UV radiation for Seoul, presented in Cho et al. (1998; 2001), has been updated using measurement of surface erythemal ultraviolet (EUV) and total ultraviolet (TUV) irradiance (wavelength 286.5~363.0 nm) by a Brewer Spectrophotometer (MK-IV) for the period 2004~2010. The analysis was also carried out together with the broadband total (global) solar irradiance (TR ; 305~2800 nm) and cloud amount to compare with the UV variations, measured by Seoul meteorological station of Korean Meteorological Agency located near the present study site. Under all-sky conditions, the day-to-day variability of EUV exhibits annual mean of 98% in increase and 31% in decrease. It has been also shown that the EUV variability is 17 times as high as the total ozone in positive change, whereas this is 6 times higher in negative change. Thus, the day to day variability is dominantly caused rather by the daily synoptic situations than by the ozone variability. Annual mean value of daily EUV and TUV shows $1.62kJm^{-2}$ and $0.63MJm^{-2}$ respectively, whereas mean value of TR is $12.4MJm^{-2}$ ($143.1Wm^{-2}$). The yearly maximum in noon-time UV Index (UVI) varies between 9 and 11 depending on time of year. The highest UVI shows 11 on 20 July, 2008 during the period 2004~2010, but for the period 1994~2000, the index of 12 was recorded on 13 July, 1994 (Cho et al., 2001). A 40% of daily maximum UVI belongs to "low (UVI < 2)", whereas the UVI less than 5% of the maximum show "very high (8 < UVI < 10)". On average, the maximum UVI exceeded 8 on 9 days per year. The values of Tropospheric Emission Monitoring Internet Service (TEMIS) EUV and UVI under cloud-free conditions are 1.8 times and 1.5 times, respectively, higher than the all-sky measurements by the Brewer. The trend analysis in fractional deviation of monthly UV from the reference value shows a decrease of -0.83% and -0.90% $decade^{-1}$ in the EUV and TUV, respectively, whereas the TR trend is near zero (+0.11% $decade^{-1}$). The trend is statistically significant except for TR trend (p = 0.279). It is possible that the recent UV decrease is mainly associated with increase in total ozone, but the trend in TR can be attributed to the other parameters such as clouds except the ozone. Certainly, the cloud effects suggest that the reason for the differences between UV and TR trends can be explained. In order to estimate cloud effects, the EUV, TUV and TR irradiances have been also evaluated for clear skies (cloud cover < 25%) and cloudy skies (cloud cover ${\geq}$ 75%). Annual mean values show that EUV, TUV and TR are $2.15kJm^{-2}$, $0.83MJm^{-2}$, and $17.9MJm^{-2}$ for clear skies, and $1.24kJm^{-2}$, $0.46MJm^{-2}$, and $7.2MJm^{-2}$ for cloudy skies, respectively. As results, the transmission of radiation through clouds under cloudy-sky conditions is observed to be 58%, 55% and 40% for EUV, TUV and TR, respectively. Consequently, it is clear that the cloud effects on EUV and TUV are 18% and 15%, respectively lower than the effects on TR under cloudy-sky conditions. Clouds under all-sky conditions (average of cloud cover is 5 tenths) reduced the EUV and TUV to about 25% of the clear-sky (cloud cover < 25%) values, whereas for TR, this was 31%. As a result, it is noted that the UV radiation is attenuated less than TR by clouds under all weather conditions.

A Study on Establishment of the Optimum Mountain Meteorological Observation Network System for Forest Fire Prevention (산불 방지를 위한 산악기상관측시스템 구축방안)

  • Lee, Si-Young;Chung, Il-Ung;Kim, Sang-Kook
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.36-44
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    • 2006
  • In this study, we constructed a forest fire danger map in the Yeongdong area of Gangwon-do and Northeastern area of Gyeongsangbuk-do using a forest fire rating model and geographical information system (GIS). We investigated the appropriate positions of the automatic weather station (AWS) and a comprehensive network solution (a system including measurement, communication and data processing) for the establishment of an optimum mountain meteorological observation network system (MMONS). Also, we suggested a possible plan for combining the MMONS with unmanned monitoring camera systems and wireless relay towers operated by local governments and the Korea Forest Service for prevention of forest fire.

Impact of Weather on Prevalence of Febrile Seizures in Children (소아의 열성경련에 날씨가 미치는 영향)

  • Woo, Jung Hee;Oh, Seok Bin;Yim, Chung Hyuk;Byeon, Jung Hye;Eun, Baik-Lin
    • Journal of the Korean Child Neurology Society
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.227-232
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: Febrile seizure (FS) is the most common type of seizure in children between 6 months to 5 years of age. A family history of febrile seizures can increase the risk a child will have a FS. Yet, prevalence of FS regarding external environment has not been clearly proved. This study attempts to determine the association between prevalence of FS and weather. Methods: This study included medical records from the Korea National Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Data were collected from 29,240 children, born after 2004, diagnosed with FS who were admitted to one of the hospitals in Seoul, Korea, between January 2009 and December 2013. During the corresponding time period, data from the Korea Meteorological Administration on daily monitoring of four meteorological factors (sea-level pressure, amount of precipitation, humidity and temperature) were collected. The relationships of FS prevalence and each meteorological factor will be designed using Poisson generalized additive model (GAM). Also, the contributory effect of viral infections on FS prevalence and weather will be discussed. Results: The amount of precipitation was divided into two groups for comparison: one with less than 5 mm and the other with equal to or more than 5 mm. As a result of Poisson GAM, higher prevalence of FS showed a correlation with smaller amount of precipitation. Smoothing function was used to classify the relationships between three variables (sea-level pressure, humidity, and temperature) and prevalence of FS. FS prevalence was correlated with lower sea-level pressure and lower humidity. FS prevalence was high in two temperature ranges (-7 to $-1^{\circ}C$ and $18-21^{\circ}C$). Conclusion: Low sea-level pressure, small amount of precipitation, and low relative air humidity may increase FS prevalence risk.

Pilot Study of Application Status for the Improvement of Weather Information in the Korean Peninsula: Focus on Extreme Heat Watch and Warnings

  • Park, Jong-Kil;Jung, Woo-Sik;Oh, Jina;Kim, Eun-Byul;Choi, Su-Jin
    • Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.140-153
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    • 2014
  • The extreme heat watch and warnings (EHWW) which is constructed as a part of the climate change adaptation took effect in the summer of 2008, but active response actions failed to be taken because of low perception among citizens. Therefore, a survey investigation targeting citizens residing in Busan and the Gyeongnam province was conducted in order to know the perception regarding EHWW issued by the Korea Meteorological Administration, to identify the main media through which information is acquired, and to propose an improvement measures which may enhance the usefulness and the degree of satisfaction of weather information. The results are as follows; The perception regarding EHWW was not very high as it remained at 59.8% in terms of percentile. Although the statistical significance was not fulfilled in the categories of gender or occupation, significant differences did exist among age groups. The main medium through which citizens acquired information regarding EHWW was the television, which was followed in order by the internet, acquaintances, short message service (SMS), radio, newspapers, the 131 weather hotline, and other media. The usefulness of EHWW was somewhat high (67.2%), and female students were found to utilize the information to a higher degree than male students. The statistics on the level of satisfaction regarding the weather information (65.4%) revealed that most respondents were satisfied. Housewives, professional, and the elder age groups exhibited great satisfaction, leading to the conclusions that the level of perception and interest regarding to the special weather reports (SWR) have an impact on satisfaction of SWR.

Interference Impact Analysis of Ground Based Radar from Spaceborne High Resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (고해상도 위성 탑재 영상 레이다(SAR)의 지상 레이다에 미치는 간섭 영향 분석)

  • Song, Woo-Jin;Woo, Sung-Chul;Kwag, Young-Kil
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.663-668
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    • 2008
  • Recently, World Radio Conference(WRC)-2007 approved the ultrawide bandwidth of 500 MHz for the use of spaceborne synthetic aperture radar in X-band for the EESS(Earth Exploration Satellite Service) in order to improve the SAR imaging resolution. It is concerned about the interference impact from the spaceborne SAR that may cause to most of ground radars due to the extended ultra wideband. In this paper, in order to predict the interference impact of the ground-based radar from the spaceborne radar, radar interference model is presented using radar characteristic parameters by taking into account the operating environments of the spaceborne and ground based radar in the time, space, and spectrum domains. Using the spaceborne SAR model of TerraSAR-X and ground radar model of meteorological radar recommended by ITU-R, the interference impact was assessed through the computer simulation to see the possible interference impact of the ground based radar operating in the Korean peninsula.

Establishment of Pest Forecasting Management System for the Improvement of Pass Ratio of Korean Exporting Pears

  • Park, Joong Won;Park, Jeong Sun;Kang, Ah Rang;Na, In Seop;Cha, Gwang Hong;Oh, Hwan Jung;Lee, Sang Hyun;Yang, Kwang Yeol;Kim, Wol Soo;Kim, Iksoo
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.163-169
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    • 2012
  • A decrease in pass ratio of Korean exporting pears causes several negative effects including an increase in pesticide dependency. In this study, we attempted to establish the pest forecasting management system, composed of weekly field forecasting by pear farmers, meteorological data obtained by automatic weather station (AWS), newly designed internet web page ($\underline{http://pearpest.jnu.ac.kr/}$) as information collecting and providing ground, and information providing service. The weekly field forecasting information on major pear diseases and pests was collected from the forecasting team composed of five team leaders from each pear exporting complex. Further, an abridged weather information for the prediction of an infestation of major disease (pear scab) and pest (pear psylla and scale species) was obtained from an AWS installed at Bonghwang in Naju City. Such information was then promptly uploaded on the web page and also publicized to the pear famers specializing in export. We hope this pest forecasting management system increases the pass ratio of Korean exporting pears throughout establishment of famer-oriented forecasting, inspiring famers' effort for the prevention and forecasting of diseases and pests occurring at pear orchards.

The Design of Monitoring & Control(M&C) for KUS RFS in KASS (KASS 위성통신국 RF시스템 감시제어장치 설계)

  • Kim, Taehee;Sin, Cheonsig
    • Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.50-55
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    • 2017
  • In this paper, the design of the RF system monitoring and control system of KUS (KASS: KASS Uplink Station) which constitutes KASS (Korea Augmentation Satellite System) is described. The Korean satellite calibration system is named KASS and aims to develop the SBAS system of the APV-1 level SoL service level and the CAT-1 test operation technology. Software and hardware development environment, function and algorithm of supervisory control device, structure of supervisory control device, and user interface were designed to implement KUS / RFS monitoring control device. We have secured the stability and reliability of the system by using the monitoring and control system design of the COMS (Communication Ocean & Meteorological Satellite) and the Korea Satellite 5A / 7 control system, which has already been used for the design of the surveillance control system. In addition, we have made it possible to provide the user interface according to the actual operator's request more conveniently.