• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2015

In recent years, meteorological disasters have frequently occurred in rural areas. As a result, there have been growing concerns over the protective measures needed. In order to avoid natural risks and damage, and to strengthen countermeasure to meteorological disasters, local governments needs to be prepared. Therefore, this paper seeks to prevent meteorological disasters through mapping of inundation vulnerability in agricultural land, Chungcheongnam-do. In doing so, this study were considered 5 variables (i.e. precipitation, region of altitude below 50m, region of slope gradient is below 10 degree, distance from river within less 50m) for creating vulnerability map. The precipitation was excluded in five variables. Since, the precipitation which include Daily maximum precipitation, 2-Daily maximum precipitation, summer precipitation was not any correlation among them. The results of analysing four variables, exclusive of precipitation, were showed that the agricultural lands where located in Dangjin, Buyeo, Hongseong and Asan were low correlation of inundation vulnerability by overlapping analysis. Moreover, The correlation analysis was showed low correlation between each factors and the annual average area of agricultural lands' inundation, whereas, the correlation analysis which was overlapping each factor showed high correlation. In conclusion, in order to create reliable vulnerability map in agricultural lands, Chungcheongnam-do, it must be considered to overlap analysis of the four main factors such region of altitude below 50m, region of slope gradient is below 10 degree, distance from river within less 50m. We suppose that this study's analysis can help to set the preparedness site of agricultural lands inundation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.233-241
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• 2020

We examined long-term variations in sea surface temperature (SST) and annual amplitudes of SST around the Korean Peninsula. Two SST data sets with data periods of approximately 51 years and longer than 100 years, respectively, were obtained from the National Institute of Fisheries Science and Japan Meteorological Agency. SST of Korean waters clearly increased during last 51 years (1968-2018), which was 2.5 times higher than the global trend. This significant increasing trend was caused by the dominant increasing SST trend during winter. However, a negative and positive SST anomaly frequently appeared during winter and summer, respectively, in a recent decade. These features of seasonal SST variation have changed the annual amplitude of SST, and resulted in a drastically increasing trend after 2009. Using the longer SST data set, it was revealed that the decreasing SST trend in winter began in the 2000s and the increasing SST trend in summer bagan in the 1990s. During a recent decade, there was a distinctive SST increase in summer, whereas a clear decrease in winter. In summary, the annual amplitude of SST around the Korean Peninsula significantly changed from a decreasing trend to an increasing trend during a recent decade.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.724-729
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• 2016

Environmental factors that affect the singing of cicadas have not been studied extensively, especially those affecting the cicadas' singing during the nighttime. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the effects of tropical night and light pollution on the cicadas' singing in a downtown area. The study sites were an apartment complex in Seocho-gu, Seoul, and the Chiaksan National Park in Wonju-si. The study subjects were Hyalessa fuscata and Cryptotympana atrata, which are the dominant species in Korea during summer. Cicada songs were recorded 24 hours a day, every day. The recording period was between July and August, lasting 25 days at the Seoul site and 14 days at the Chiaksan National Park. Temperature, precipitation, humidity, and amount of sunshine were selected as the environmental factors that potentially affect the cicadas' singing. Statistical analyses included correlations of meteorological factors with the cicadas' singing per hour, per 24 hours, and at nighttime (21:00~04:00). The results showed that: 1) H. fuscata began singing during the dawn hours, and the singing increased in intensity early in the morning. C. atrata's singing reached its peak in the morning and afternoon, ceased during sunset hours, thereby exhibiting a difference in the singing pattern of the two species. 2) The frequency of singing by H. fuscata decreased when C. atrata began to sing intensively in numbers, thereby exhibiting interspecific influence. 3) The results of the correlation analysis between meteorological factors and the singing of H. fuscata and C. atrata showed that both species tended to sing more when the temperature was higher and sang less on rainy days. 4) When limited to nighttime only, C. atrata showed a tendency of singing when the nighttime temperature was high ($24-30^{\circ}C$, average $27^{\circ}C$), whereas H. fuscata did not show a correlation with meteorological factors. However, since H. fuscata sang during the night in areas with artificial lighting, it was concluded that its singing was due to light pollution.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.189-199
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• 2013

Using meteorological data collected from 60 observation stations during the last 38 years from 1973 through 2010, we have analysed the occurrence frequencies of abnormally low or high temperature leading to agrometeorological disasters. The analysis was made for 20 agro-climatic zones that had already been divided by the Rural Development Administration before. Since 1973, there have been an average of 1.8 frequency of abnormal air temperature occurrence per year. The frequency of abnormally high temperature occurrence has increased from an average of 0.2 per year in 1970s to 1.0 in 2000s. However, the frequency of abnormally low temperature occurrence has decreased from an average of 2.06 per year in 1970s to 0.63 in 2000s, which might be able to explain a recent global warming. The highest frequency of abnormally high temperature occurrence appeared in Taebaek Alpine zone with an average of 0.76 frequency per year. Meanwhile, abnormally low temperature was the highest in Western Sobaek Inland zone with an average of 1.43 frequency per year.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.264-271
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• 2023

Environmental crises caused by climate change and human-induced disturbances have become urgent challenges to the sustainability of human beings. These issues can be addressed based on a data-driven understanding and forecasting of ecosystem responses to environmental changes. In this study, we introduce a long-term ecological monitoring system in Korean Long-Term Ecological Research (KLTER), and a plan for the Korean Ecological Observatory Network (KEON). KLTER has been conducted since 2004 and has yielded valuable scientific results. However, the KLTER approach has limitations in data integration and coordinated observations. To overcome these limitations, we developed a KEON plan focused on multidisciplinary monitoring of the physiochemical, meteorological, and biological components of ecosystems to deepen process-based understanding of ecosystem functions and detect changes. KEON aims to answer nationwide and long-term ecological questions by using a standardized monitoring approach. We are preparing three types of observatories: two supersites depending on the climate-vegetation zones, three local sites depending on the ecosystem types, and two mobile deployment platforms to act on urgent ecological issues. The main observation topics were species diversity, population dynamics, biogeochemistry (carbon, methane, and water cycles), phenology, and remote sensing. We believe that KEON can address environmental challenges and play an important role in ecological observations through partnerships with international observatories.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.124-137
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• 2012

Climate analysis is important in urban planning for human comfort. Synoptic weather conditions can only resolve the 30% of local variance of wind conditions whereas 70% of the variance arise from local terrain, buildings, and other small scale thermal conditions. Climate Analysis Seoul (CAS) was developed to resolve such micro-scale climate. The Local-scale air temperature Deviation (LD) analysis map from CAS showed the co-existence of built-up and suburban areas in the study region (CR, Cold-air analysis Region) despite its small extent. Temperature, humidity, wind speed, and wind direction were monitored in CR. Hourly observed cooling rate agreed well with LD. Cold air production, transportation, and stagnation was visualized by the observed Vertical Temperature Gradient (VTG) along the small stream in CR. VTG observed at the upper-most stream can be divided into two components: radiative cooling and cold air inflow from outside. Radiative cooling exists regardless of the wind speed whereas cold air inflow occurs only with calm wind. From the regression analyses based on the wind speed, the inflow portion was determined as 84% of radiative cooling. Climate analysis in the future will be able to characterize the changes in cold air by urban development plan to support the human comfort.

• Atmosphere
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.237-242
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• 2009

The first domestic expert workshop on surface flux measurement and modeling was held on 10-12 June 2009 in Seoul to invigorate research cooperation on soil-vegetation-atmosphere interactions in Korea and to promote interdisciplinary studies. This article provides a summary of the workshop presentations and recommendations, and future research directions for surface processes in Korea.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.264-270
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• 2024

This study is conducted to analyze environmental factors that affect the ecology of boreal digging frog and use them as basic data for selecting (or creating) suitability of alternative habitats for survival and monitoring method from 2020 to 2022 after boreal digging frog were relocated to the alternative habitats in 2019. Analyzing the environment of the alternative habitats showed that the criteria suited the followings: distance from wetlands, grasslands and rivers was within 5 m, the low-rise grassland was 6,000 m², soft soil was at a depth of ≥20 cm, and the area of permanent wetlands was 5,000 m² wide. As a result of the correlation analysis between meteorological factors and population (n) and breeding, there was a significant correlation between rainfalls and breeding (p<0.01). During the monitoring, it was confirmed that the SVL (Snout-Vent Length) and BM (Body Mass) of the translocated population were maintained (p>0.05), and it was found that the proximity of the habitat and spawning pond, securing food space (grasslands), soil quality, and wetlands could function as an alternative habitat if conditions were met. As a result of analyzing the meteorological factors affecting the population of boreal digging frog, the SVL had a statistical impact on the minimum temperature, maximum temperature, relative humidity, and the rainfall (p<0.05). In the case of breeding, rainfall was found to be affected (p<0.01), and the population was statistically affected by the average temperature, minimum temperature, and relative humidity (p<0.05).

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1996

The net primary productivity and potential natural vegetation in the Korean peninsula in the 21st century were estimated by the Miami model and thermal climate, respectively, based on 148 meteorological data sets. In the 21st century, the distribution range of the net primary produtivity in the Korean peninsula was estimated as 1,050 g $DM{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}yr^{-1}~2,050g\;DM\cdot m^-2\cdot yr^{-1}.\; These\; values\; increased\; by\; 200g\; DM\cdot m^{-2}\cdot yr^{-1}\;on\;northern\;part\;and\;400g\; DM\cdot m^{-2}\cdot yr^{-1}$ on southern part compared with that of the present century. The potential natural vegetation in the Korean peninsula in the 21st century will change into the followings:coniferous forest on Mt. Paektu area, deciduous broadleaf forest on northern part, and evergreen broadleaf forset on southern part.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.582-590
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• 2018

Although there are many studies of the effect of climate change on the breeding phenology and community diversity of amphibians, the studies of variations in reproductive population size of individual species according to climate change are still lacking. We examined the effect of climate change on the reproductive population size of Rana huanrenensis and Hynobius leechii, which bred in mountain valleys, by surveying the reproductive population of the two species between 2005 and 2012 and analyzing the correlation between the variation of the outdoor population and the surrounding climate change factors, obtained from a meteorological observatory located at 5.6 km from the study site. The size of the reproductive population of the two species commonly fluctuated with aan pproximately 3.5-year cycle. That of H. leechii, in particular, decreased significantly over eight years. The air temperature tended to more closely relate with the reproductive population size of R. huanrenensis as was the case of the precipitation with that of H. leechii. The yearly mean highest temperature and spring mean temperature variation consistently decreased over the eight years, and the latter was related with the significantly decreased size of H. leechii reproductive population. These results showed that recent climate change directly could affect the reproductive population size of amphibians, particularly H. leechii, which breeds in mountain valleys.