• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2020

The meteorological ecology of a soybean variety (Glycine max Merrill) and its characteristics are important factors in selecting soybean variety suitable for the environment. This experiment was conducted to estimate the meteorological- ecological characteristics of soybean for 27 crop cultivation regions in North Korea. The meteorological ecology of each region was determined by the last harvest date and the maximum growth day determined using the daily minimum temperature of the region. The soybean meteorological group for 27 regions in North Korea was classified by eight groups. The last harvest date of group I, the south-west and south-east areas, was from October 21 to 29, which was the latest harvest date among the eight groups. It became shorter toward the central inland and mountainous areas of group IV, and it ranged from September 18 to October 2. The maximum number of growth days was 153~160 days in group I, and 100~111 days in group IV-3, the northernmost area of the east coast. Assuming total growth days as 110 days, the ranges of last flowering dates (and the day length) of group I, II, III, and IV were August 12~19 (day length of 13.5~13.8 h), August 2~6 (14-14.2 h), July 27~August 2 (14.2~14.4 h), and July 10~22 (14.5~14.8 h), respectively. The accumulative temperature of 110 growth days was above 2,400℃ in group II-1, the south to north area of the west inland, and above 2,300℃ in all regions except Cheongjin, Seonbong, and Jung-gang. The accumulative temperature calculated based on the maximum growth day was above 3,000℃ in group I and II-1 and above 2,500℃ in group II-2, the central area of the east coast, III-1, the central inland area, and IV-1, the central inland mountain area.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.114-127
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• 2015

In the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA), ozone ($O_3$) concentration is still higher than in other urban areas in developed countries. In order to reveal the current state of photochemical air pollution and to provide data for validation of chemical transport models, vertical profiles of meteorological parameters and ozone concentrations were measured by ozonesonde in two field campaigns: the first one, during the change of season from wet to dry-cold (November 2011) and the second during the dry-warm season (March 2012). Unlike previous similar field campaigns, ozonesonde was launched twice daily. The observation data were used to analyze the production and distribution of ozone in the convective boundary layer. The observation days covered a wide range of meteorological conditions, and various profiles were obtained. The evolution of the mixing layer (ML) height was analyzed, revealing that ML evolution was faster during daytime in March 2012 than in November 2011. On a day in November 2011, the early-morning strong wind and the resulting vertical mixing was observed to have brought the high-ozone-concentration air-mass to the ground and caused relatively high surface ozone concentration in the morning. The amount of produced ozone in the MCMA was estimated by taking the difference between the two profiles on each day. In addition to the well-known positive correlation between daily maximum temperature and ozone production, effect of the ML height and wind stagnation was identified for a day in March 2012 when the maximum ground-level ozone concentration was observed during the two field campaigns. The relatively low ventilation coefficient in the morning and the relatively high value in the afternoon on this day implied efficient accumulation of the $O_3$ precursors and rapid production of $O_3$ in the ML.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.422-433
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• 2017

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has several advantages over conventional remote sensing techniques. They can acquire high-resolution images quickly and repeatedly. And with a comparatively lower flight altitude, they can obtain good quality images even in cloudy weather. In this paper, we developed for estimating garlic growth at field scale model in major cultivation regions. We used the $NDVI_{UAV}$ that reflects the crop conditions, and seven meteorological elements for 3 major cultivation regions from 2015 to 2017. For this study, UAV imagery was taken at Taean, Changnyeong, and Hapcheon regions nine times from early February to late June during the garlic growing season. Four plant growth parameters, plant height (P.H.), leaf number (L.N.), plant diameter (P.D.), and fresh weight (F.W.) were measured for twenty plants per plot for each field campaign. The multiple linear regression models were suggested by using backward elimination and stepwise selection in the extraction of independent variables. As a result, model of cold type explain 82.1%, 65.9%, 64.5%, and 61.7% of the P.H., F.W., L.N., P.D. with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 7.98 cm, 5.91 g, 1.05, and 3.43 cm. Especially, model of warm type explain 92.9%, 88.6%, 62.8%, 54.6% of the P.H., P.D., L.N., F.W. with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 16.41 cm, 9.08 cm, 1.12, 19.51 g. The spatial distribution map of garlic growth was in strong agreement with the field measurements in terms of field variation and relative numerical values when $NDVI_{UAV}$ was applied to multiple linear regression models. These results will also be useful for determining the UAV multi-spectral imagery necessary to estimate growth parameters of garlic.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2014

In the past, Korea agro-climatic zone except Jeju-do was classified into nineteen based on rice culture by using air temperature, precipitation, and sunshine duration etc. during rice growing periods. It has been used for selecting safety zone of rice cultivation and countermeasures to meteorological disasters. In this study, the climatic variables such as air temperature, precipitation, and sunshine duration of twenty agro-climatic zones including Jeju-do were compared decennially (1970's, 1980's, 1990's, and 2000's). The meteorological data were obtained in Meteorological Information Portal Service System-Disaster Prevention, Korea Meteorological Administration. The temperature of 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s were $12.0{\pm}0.14^{\circ}C$, $11.9{\pm}0.13^{\circ}C$, $12.2{\pm}0.14^{\circ}C$, and $12.6{\pm}0.13^{\circ}C$, respectively. The precipitation of 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s were $1,270.3{\pm}20.05mm$, $1,343.0{\pm}26.01mm$, $1,350.6{\pm}27.13mm$, and $1,416.8{\pm}24.87mm$, respectively. And the sunshine duration of 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s were $421.7{\pm}18.37hours$, $2,352.4{\pm}15.01hours$, $2,196.3{\pm}12.32hours$, and $2,146.8{\pm}15.37hours$, respectively. The temperature in Middle-Inland zone ($+1.2^{\circ}C$) and Eastern-Southern zone ($+1.1^{\circ}C$) remarkably increased. The temperature increased most in Taebak highly Cold zone ($+364mm$) and Taebak moderately Cold Zone ($+326mm$). The sunshine duration decreased most in Middle-Inland Zone (-995 hours). The temperature (F=2.708, df=3, p= 0.046) and precipitation (F=5.037, df=3, p=0.002) increased significantly among seasons while the sunshine duration decreased significantly(F=26.181, df=3, p<0.0001) among seasons. In further study, it will need to reclassify agro-climatic zone of rice and it will need to conduct studies on safe cropping season, growth and developing of rice, and cultivation management system etc. based on reclassified agro-climatic zone.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.556-572
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• 2015

This paper presents the applications of spatial interpolation and assimilation methods for satellite and ground meteorological data, including temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation in regions of Vietnam. In this work, Universal Kriging is used for spatially interpolating ground data and its interpolated results are assimilated with corresponding satellite data to anticipate better gridded data. The input meteorological data was collected from 98 ground weather stations located all over Vietnam; whereas, the satellite data consists of the MODIS Atmospheric Profiles product (MOD07), the ASTER Global Digital Elevation Map (ASTER DEM), and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) in six years. The outputs are gridded fields of temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation. The empirical results were evaluated by using the Root mean square error (RMSE) and the mean percent error (MPE), which illustrate that Universal Kriging interpolation obtains higher accuracy than other forms of Kriging; whereas, the assimilation for precipitation gradually reduces RMSE and significantly MPE. It also reveals that the accuracy of temperature and humidity when employing assimilation that is not significantly improved because of low MODIS retrieval due to cloud contamination.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.298-304
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• 2021

This study aimed to determine the applicability of drones and air quality sensors in environmental monitoring of air pollutant emissions by developing and testing two new methods. The first method used orthoimagery for precise monitoring of pollutant-emitting facilities. The second method used atmospheric sensors for monitoring air pollutants in emissions. Results showed that ground sample distance could be established within 5 cm during the creation of orthoimagery for monitoring emissions, which allowed for detailed examination of facilities with naked eyes. For air quality monitoring, drones were flown on a fixed course and measured the air quality in point units, thus enabling mapping of air quality through spatial analysis. Sensors that could measure various substances were used during this process. Data on particulate matter were compared with data from the National Air Pollution Measurement Network to determine its future potential to leverage. However, technical development and applications for environmental monitoring of pollution-emitting facilities are still in their early stages. They could be limited by meteorological conditions and sensitivity of the sensor technology. This research is expected to provide guidelines for environmental monitoring of pollutant-emitting facilities using drones.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.876-883
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• 2012

In order to analyze the meteorological factors influencing breeding activities of the Kaloula borealis, spawning sites which are located in Daejung-Eub, Jeju Island were investigated for 4 years from 2008 to 2011. The factors for analysis were rainfall, humidity, temperature, barometric pressure and wind speed. Comparative analysis were done on the spawning activities on rainy days. The analysis shows that the main factors influencing breeding activities of the Kaloula borealis are rainfall, humidity, and barometric pressure. The most influencing factor among them is rainfall. According to the analysis, the Kaloula borealis participate in spawning activities when it rains hard and humidity and barometric pressure also have influence on their spawning activities to a certain degree. As for temperature, the breeding season is summer so it meets one of the conditions for breeding activities. As a result, like the previous studies on other anurans in temperate regions, rainfall and temperature have a great impact on breeding activities of the Kaloula borealis.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.80-91
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• 2016

Diverse types of meteorological disasters that are frequently occurring at the present time, such as urban flooding, draught, heat waves, or tropical nights do not only cause casualties and property damages but also make it difficult to preserve the natural environment of the city. That is why Low Impact Development or Green Infrastructure has recently received lots of attention as a means to minimize meteorological disasters, adapt to climate change and to leave a better urban environment for the next generation. As of now, Korea's low impact development and green infrastructure technology are standing at the stage of incubation or demonstration. Both central and provincial governments have accelerated the updating of laws and regulations, which allows us to turn the Gray City with Gray Infrastructure that only uses water into a Green City with Green Infrastructure that manages the water. To spread and distribute such a notion in a systemic way, it requires new technology development tailored to Korea, verification of technology, and maintenance of related technological standards, cooperation with other industries, training & promotion, and the participation of citizens.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 1986

The net primary production in the Korean peninsula was estimated by Miami model, Montreal model and Kira's model, based on 148 meteorological data. The modes in frequency distribution of the values calculated by Montreal and Miami model were found at 1,500g/m2/yr. class and at one step high class in 100g. interval, while by Kira's madel at 1,700g/m2/yr. class. The relationships between values by Miami model(X) and those by Motreal model (Ym) and Kira's model(Yk) can be expressed as follows: Ym=0.365X+944.7, Yk=0.462 X+1006.9 and Yk=1.282Ym-211.5. The total amount of the net primary production in 218,583.4km2, 98.9% of the whole area(220,951 km2) of the Korean Peninsula, was estimated as 290,691,407 tons/yr. by Miami model, 310,751,566 tons/yr by Montreal model and 352,071,901 tons/yr by Kira's model. Therefore, it is reasonable that the organic substance over 300 million-tons is added yearly in the Korean Peninsula, because only 1.1% of the whole area no calculated. In additiion, the net primary production amount of Han-river basin was estimated as ca. 38 million-tons, whether calculated with the meteorological data in level of the Korean Peninsula or with more detail data.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 2015

This study was conducted to provide the agricultural climatological basic data for the reset of sowing period of the winter crop on the double cropping system with rice. During the past 30 years from 1981 to 2010, mean air temperature has risen by $0.45^{\circ}C$ per 10 years (with statistical significance), while precipitation has decreased by 6.74 mm per 10 years and the numbers of days for precipitation has reduced by 0.23 days per 10 years (with no statistical significance) in the sowing period ($1^{st}$ Oct. to $5^{th}$ Nov.) of winter crop. It was analyzed that double cropping system of rice and winter crops need to be reset in the way of delaying the sowing time of winter crops, because rising trend of temperature was clear while variability of precipitation was great and the trend was not clear in the sowing period of winter crops. We have also analyzed the meteorological features of the sowing period of winter crops in 2014, and found that mean air temperature in 2014 was higher than that in normal years (similar to recent temperature change feature) while precipitation in 2014 was much more frequent than that in normal years (unlike recent precipitation features). Such tendency in 2014 made the sowing of winter crops difficult because mechanical sowing could not be worked in flooded paddy fields. Heavy rain in October 2014 was also analyzed as a rare phenomenon.