• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.640-644
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• 2008

국내 대표적인 장석광산인 제천장석 광산과 부여장석 광산 모암의 암석학적 특성을 통하여 국내 장석광의 성인 및 광산유형을 분류하였다. 제천장석 광산은 거정질의 K장석을 함유한 반상화강암이 풍화되어 잔류물로 나타나는 거정질 K장석이 채취대상이 되는 전형적인 풍화잔류 광산이고 반상화강암의 형성 온도-압력은 $840^{\circ}C$, 5Kb를 나타내며 거정질의 K-장석은 변성기원이 아닌 화성기원이다. 반면 부여장석 광산은 우백질 화강편마암이 주변의 흑운모화강암의 관입으로 열수용액에 의한 교대변질 광산으로 순수한 알바이트 장석과 부수광물로서 석류석, 견운모가 나타나며 치밀하게 재결정화된 광물조직이 특징이다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.161-181
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• 1990

The lead-zinc-silver-iron deposits from the Janggun mine are of hydrothermal-metasomatic origin, characterized by the marked hydrothermal alteration of the wallrocks, such as hydrothermal manganese enrichment of carbonate rocks, silicification, chloritization, sericitization, montmorillonitization and argillic alteration. The ore deposits have been emplaced within the Janggun Limestone of Cambro-Ordovician age at the immediate contacts with apophyses injected from the Chunyang Granite plutons of Late Jurrasic age. They have been structurally controlled by fractures in the carbonate rocks and the irregular intrusive contacts of granitic rocks, and are closely associated with hypogene manganese carbonate deposits. In the mine nine seperate orebodies are being mined. On the basis of the petrological study, hydrothermal alteration zone of this mine may be divided into the following four zones from wallrock to orebody. (I) Primary calcite and dolomite zone${\rightarrow}$(II) dolomitic limestone zone${\rightarrow}$(III) dolomitic zone${\rightarrow}$(IV) rhodochrosite zone${\rightarrow}$ orebody. There was not recongnized Mn and Fe elements in the primary calcite and dolomite zone. But, in the dolomitic limestone and dolomite zone, calcite and dolomite were subjected to weak hydrothermal manganese enrichment and the grade of the manganese enrichment increase oreward. By means of electron probe microanalysis, it was found that manganoan dolomite occured between primary dolomite grains, cross the cleavage of the primary dolomite and around the dolomite grains. Above these result supports that the Janggun manganese carbonate deposits are of hydrothermal metasomatic origin.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.209-221
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• 1988

The ore deposit of the Ohtani mine is one of repesentatives of plutonic tungsten-tin veins related genetically to acidic magmatism of Late Cretaceous in the Inner zone of Southwest Japan. Based on macrostructures of vein filling on the order of ore body, three major mineralization stages, called stage I, stage II, and stage ill from earliest to latest, are distinguished by major tectonic breaks. The alteration zories are characterized by specific mineral associations in pseudomorphs after biotite. The alteration zones can be divided into two parts, i. e. a chlorite zone and a muscovite zone, each repesenting mineralogical and chemical changes produced by the hydrothermal alteration. The chloritic alteration took place at the beginning of mineralization, and muscovite alteration in additions to chloritic alteration took place at stage II and ill. The alteration zones are considered to be formed by either of two alteration mechanism. 1) The zones are formed by reaction of the rock with successive flows of solution of different composition and different stage. 2) The zones are formed contemporaneously as the solution move outward. Reaction between the solution and the wall-rock results in a continuous change in solution chemistry. The migration of the successive replacement of the fresh zone$\rightarrow$the chlorite zone$\rightarrow$the muscovite zone may have transgressed slowly veinward, leaving metasomatic borders between the different zones.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.623-641
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• 2012

장군 연-아연-은 광상은 열수교대형 광상이다. 모암변질시 원소 분산을 알아보기 위해 모암, 열수변질대 및 연-아연-은 광맥에서 시료를 채취하였다. 이 광상은 능망간석화작용과 돌로마이트화작용으로 구성된 열수작용이 현저히 인지된다. 모암은 돌로마이트와 석회암이며 구성광물은 방해석, 돌로마이트, 석영, 금운모 및 흑운모 이다. 연-아연-은 광맥과 접촉한 부분에서 관찰되는 능망간석대는 주로 능망간석이 산출되며 소량 방해석, 돌로마이트, 쿠트나호라이트, 유비철석, 황철석, 황동석, 섬아연석, 방연석 및 황석석 등이 산출된다. 연-아연-은 광맥으로부터 멀어짐에 따라 관찰되는 돌로마이트대는 주로 돌로마이트가 산출되고 소량 방해석, 능망간석, 황철석, 섬아연석, 황동석, 방연석 및 황석석 등이 산출된다. 모암변질시 주원소, 미량 및 희토류원소들간의 상관계수는 $Fe_2O_3(T)$/MnO, Ga/MnO 및 Rb/MnO(돌로마이트 및 석회암)가 정의 상관관계를 갖고 MgO/MnO, CaO/MnO, $CO_2$/MnO 및 Sr/MnO(돌로마이트)와 CaO/MnO 및 Sr/MnO(석회암)가 부의 상관관계를 갖는다. 모암변질시 이득원소들은 $Fe_2O_3(T)$, MnO, As, Au, Cd, Cu, Ga, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sn 및 Zn 이고 손실원소들은 CaO, MgO, $CO_2$ 및 Sr 이다. 따라서 CaO, $CO_2$, $Fe_2O_3(T)$, MgO, MnO, Ga, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sn, Sr 및 Zn 등의 원소들은 모암이 돌로마이트내지 석회암인 열수교대형 광상의 탐사에 지시원소로서 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.60-73
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• 1997

The talc of the Daeheung, Pyeongan, and Cheongdang (Shinyang) talc deposits in the Yesan-Gongju-Cheongyang area is a hydrothermal alteration product of serpentinite originated from ultramafic rocks. The mineral assemblages in alteration zones are: serpentine, serpentine-talc, talc, talc-chlorite, talc-phlogopite-chlorite, and talc-tremolite-chlorite. Chemical distributions in both the Al2O3-FeO-MgO system and the immobile elements suggest that the serpentine-talc and talc rocks are the reaction product of ultramafic rocks and silicic hydrothermal solution without addition of other granitic components, whereas chlorite-, phlogopite-, and tremolite-bearing rocks are the metasomatic alteration product of serpentinite by hydrothermal solution affected by granitic gneiss. Discontinuities in the immobile element ratios of mineral assemblages are due to changes in their mineralogy. The relative contents of Al2O3, TiO2, Zr in the talc-phlogopite-chlorite and talc-tremolite-chlorite rocks increase irregularly with increasing phlogopite, tremolite, and/or chlorite contents in contrast to other ore types. But the relative contents of Cr, Ni, and Co are uniform in all the mineral assemblages. Chemistry of each mineral assemblage formed by steatitization of serpentinite suggests that Cr, Co, Ni, MgO, and Fe2O3 are relatively immobile during the alteration, whereas SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, and K2O are highly increased. The contents of chlorite, phlogopite, and tremolite in each mineral assemblage might be controlled by addition of Al2O3, K2O, and CaO, respectively. The high contents of other elements than immobile elements in the altered rocks as compared with unaltered rocks indicate that a large amount of elements were introduced from hydrothermal solution up to about 8∼41% in total mass showing maximum value in the talc-phlogopite-chlorite rock.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.189-204
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• 1982

The Geodo mine is located in the southern limb of the Hambaeg syncline. Geology of the area consists of Paleozoic-Mesozoic sedimentary Rocks and Cretaceous igneous rocks. The important igneous rocks presumably related to skarnization and ore mineralization in the area, are the early granodiorite and the late porphyritic granodiorite. Two mineralogical types of ore deposits are recognized in the area. They are the Fe-Cu deposits in the Myobong formation and the Au-Bi-Cu deposits in the Hwajeol formation. Contact metamorphism due to granodiorite intrusion includes hornfelsization, exoskarnization and endoskarnization. Wall-rock alterations related to the Fe mineralization are grouped into the hydrothermal replacement skarnization and the hydrothermal filling skarnization. Another hydrothermal alteration is associated with the Cu mineralization. Various mineralogical analyses have been applied for the identification of minerals. They include optical microscopy, chemical analysis, etching test, X-ray diffraction, and infrared absorption spectroscopic analyses. The ore minerals in these ore deposits are classified into two groups;hypogene and supergene minerals. Hypogene minerals consist of magnetite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and chalcocite. Supergene minerals consist of chalcocite, bornite, and geothite. Ore minerals show various kinds of ore texture: open-space filling, exsolution, replacement, and cementation texture. The gangue minerals consist of quartz, diopside, epidote, garnet and plagioclase in the hornfelsic zone, garnet, diopside, scapolite, actinolite, sericite, chlorite, quartz, and calcite in the skarn zone, and, epidote, chlorite, sericite, quartz, and calcite in the late hydrothermal alteration zone. This study shows that the Fe-Cu deposits are of metasomatic pipe type with the later hydrothermal fillings, and the Au-Bi-Cu deposits are of hydrothermal fissure-filling type. The mineralization is probably related to the intrusion of porphyritic granite.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.41-54
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• 1993

경상분지 남동부에 위치한 울산광산은 석회암을 교대한 전형적인 calcareous skarn강상으로 Fe W광화작용 이외에도 Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Bi, Ni, Co, Cr, Ag, Sn, In, Te, Sb 등이 수반되는 다금속광화작용의 특성을 보여주고 있다. 본 광상은 직립에 가까운 파이프상 광체로 산출되며, 자철석과 함께 북측의 혼펠스와의 경계부근에 회중석이 부분적으로 광염되어 있다. 본 광상의 스카른대는 석회암 및 혼펠스를 교대한 괴상 스카른과 양자를 각기 절단하는 맥상스카른으로 구분된다. 괴상스카른은 석회암 기원의 스카른이 주체를 이루며, 이러한 스카른대는 규회석 스카른, 석류석 스카른, 단사휘석-석류석 스카른, 단사휘석 스카른으로 분류되며, 부분적으로 스카른대 주변부를 따라 거정질 방해석대가 존재하고 있다. 스카른 진화과정은 초기스카른 및 후기스카른의 두 시기로 분류되며, 초기스카른은 prograde한 스카른 생성시기로 초기에는 규회석, Mg-rich 단사휘석, Al-rich garnet가 주로 정출되며 광석광물은 거의 불모한 시기이나, 초기스카른의 말기로 진행됨에 따라 자철석과 회중석이 정출된다. 그리고, 후기스카른의 전반기까지는 Fe-rich 단사휘석, Fe-rich garnet와 함께 자철석 회중석이 연속적으로 정출되었으나, 후기스카른의 중기부터는 Ni, Co, As, Cu, Zn, Fe, Bi 등의 황화광물이 정출되는 다금속광화 작용의 특정을 보인다. 또한, 최후기 열수작용시기에는 섬아연석과 방연석 등의 Base-metal 황화광물이 주로 정출되는 연 아연 광화작용의 양상을 나타낸다. 이러한 각 광화시기별 스카른 광물과 광석광물의 변화양상은 고온의 열수용액이 천부로 유출되는 과정에서 광화용액의 온도가 급격히 떨어진 결과 (telescope)에 기인된 것으로 사료된다.