• 소성∙가공
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.123-131
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• 2024

Plastic, the main material of FFF-type 3D printing, exhibits lower strength compared to metal. research aimed at increasing strength is needed for use in various industrial fields. This study analyzed three X-shape infill patterns(grid, lines, zigzag) with similar internal lattice structure. Moreover, tensile test considering weight and printing time was conducted based on the infill line multiplier and infill overlap percentage. The three X-shape infill patterns(grid, lines, zigzag) showed differences in nozzle paths, material usage and printing time. When infill line multiplier increased, there was a proportional increase in tensile strength/weight and tensile strength/printing time. In terms of infill overlap percentage, the grid pattern at 50% and the zigzag and lines patterns at 75% demonstrated the most efficient performance.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.195-204
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• 2017

Analytical and experimental studies of the innovative pipe in pipe damper have been recently investigated by the authors. In this paper, by adding lead or zinc infill or slit diaphragm inside the inner pipe, it is tried to increase the equivalent viscous damping ratio improving the cyclic performance of the recently proposed multi-level control system. The damper consists of three main parts including the outer pipe, inner pipe and added complementary damping part. At first plastic deformations of the external pipe, then the internal pipe and particularly the added core and friction between them make the excellent multi-level damper act as an improved energy dissipation system. Several kinds of added lead or zinc infill and also different shapes of slit diaphragms are modeled inside the inner pipe and their effectiveness on hysteresis curves are investigated with nonlinear static analyses using finite element method by ABAQUS software. Results show that adding lead infill has no major effect on the damper stiffness while zinc infill and slit diaphragm increase damper stiffness sharply up to more than 10 times depending on the plate thickness and pipe diameter. Besides, metal infill increases the viscous damping ratio of dual damper ranging 6-9%. In addition, obtained hysteresis curves show that the multi-level control system as expected can reliably dissipate energy in different imposed energy levels.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.489-499
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• 2024

Infill masonry walls are vulnerable to lateral loads, including seismic, wind, and concentrated push loads. Various strengthening metal fittings have been proposed to improve lateral load resistance, particularly against seismic loads. This study introduces the use of post-compressed wedges as a novel reinforcement method for infill masonry walls to enhance lateral load resistance. The resistance of the infill masonry wall against lateral-concentrated push loads was assessed using an out-of-plane push-over test on specimens sized 2,300×2,410×190 mm³. The presence or absence of wedges and wedge spacing were set as variables. The push-over test results showed that both the unreinforced specimen and the specimen reinforced with 300 mm spaced wedges toppled, while the specimen reinforced with 100 mm spaced wedges remained upright. Peak loads were measured to be 0.74, 29.77, and 5.88 kN for unreinforced specimens and specimens reinforced with 100 mm and 300 mm spaced wedges, respectively. Notably, a tighter reinforcement spacing yielded a similar strength, as expected, which was attributed to the increased friction force between the masonry wall and steel frame. The W-series specimens exhibited a trend comparable to that of the displacement ductility ratio. Overall, the findings validate that post-compressed wedges improve the out-of-plane strength of infill masonry walls.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.367-377
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• 2020

Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) widely uses for the collapse risk assessment procedures of buildings. In this study, an IDA-based collapse risk assessment methodology is proposed, which employs a novel approach for detecting the near-collapse (NC) limit state. The proposed approach uses the modal pushover analysis results to calculate the maximum inter-story drift ratio of the structure. This value, which is used as the upper-bound limit in the IDA process, depends on the structural characteristics and global seismic responses of the structure. In this paper, steel midrise intermediate moment resisting frames (IMRFs) have selected as case studies, and their collapse risk parameters are evaluated by the suggested methodology. The composite action of a concrete floor slab and steel beams, and the interaction between the infill walls and the frames could change the collapse mechanism of the structure. In this study, the influences of the metal deck floor and autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) masonry infill walls with uniform distribution are investigated on the seismic collapse risk of the IMRFs using the proposed methodology. The results demonstrate that the suggested modified IDA method can accurately discover the near-collapse limit state. Also, this method leads to much fewer steps and lower calculation costs rather than the current IDA method. Moreover, the results show that the concrete slab and the AAC infill walls can change the collapse parameters of the structure and should be considered in the analytical modeling and the collapse assessment process of the steel mid-rise intermediate moment resisting frames.

• 사물인터넷융복합논문지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2020

자율주행 시스템은 빅데이타를 기반으로 하여 딥러닝 시스템을 기반으로 하고 있으며, 사용되는 데이타는 다양한 센서를 이용하여 수집된다. 그런 센서에 있어서 소형화와 고성능화는 자율주행 시스템 뿐만 아니라 IoT 기반의 다양한 제품에서도 요구되고 있다. 특히, 소형화는 센서의 소형화 뿐만 아니라 센서를 설치하기 위한 기구의 소형화도 동시에 요구하고 있다. 그런 점에서 금속 기구는 센서를 고정하기 위한 가장 좋은 방법을 제시해 주고 있다. 하지만, 소형 센서를 위한 금속 기구 형상을 가공하는 것이 어렵거나, 제작 비용이 높아질 수 있다. 이를 위한 대안으로 본 연구에서는 금속 필라멘트를 기반으로 한 FDM (Fused deposition modeling) 공정을 제시하고, 금속 FDM의 기초가 되는 공정에 대한 연구를 진행하였다. 금속 FDM 공정을 통해서 얻어지는 금속 부품은 탈지-소결의 후 과정을 통해서 만들어진다. 본 연구에서는 출력 시 설정 변수인 내부 채움 비율(Infill rate) 과 소결 공정 후 밀도 사이에 관계를 조사하였다. 이는 내부 채움 비율과 후 처리 이후 얻어지는 시편의 밀도가 다를 수 있음을 기반으로 하고 있으며, 금속 FDM 공정 이후 얻어지는 출력물의 밀도를 높이기 위한 기초 연구로 의미가 크다고 할 수 있다.