• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.1431-1438
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• 2013

A pack-level battery hardware-in-the-loop simulation (B-HILS) platform is implemented. It consists of dynamic vehicle models using PSAT and multiple control interfaces including real-time 3D driving and GPS mode. In real-time 3D driving mode, user can drive a virtual vehicle using actual drive equipment such as steering wheel and accelerator to generate the cycle profile of the battery. In GPS mode, actual road traffic and terrain effects can be simulated using GPS data while the trajectory is displayed on Google map. In the latter part of the paper, several performance tests of an actual lithium-polymer battery pack are carried out utilizing the developed system. All experiments are conducted as parts of actual development process of a commercial battery pack adopting 2nd generation Prius as a target vehicle model. Through the experiments, the low temperature performance and fuel efficiency of the battery are quantitatively investigated in comparison with the original nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) pack of the Prius.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2006

This paper presents the temperature control in aluminum plate with Peltier module. From the experimental work, Peltier module is used to control the temperature of small aluminum plate for both heating and cooling with the control of current and fan ON/OFF. And current control of Peltier module was accomplished by PWM method. As a result of experiments, it is proper that operate cooling fan only while cooling duration and there exist a proper cooling current to drop temperature rapidly. It takes about 125sec to control temperature of aluminium plate between $30^{\circ}C$ and $70^{\circ}C$ and about 70sec between $40^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$, in ambient temperature $28^{\circ}C{\sim}29^{\circ}C$ while cooling fan is operated only cooling duration. With the cooling current, temperature control of aluminum plate was accomplished more rapidly in comparison without cooling current. Future aim is to realize more rapid temperature control and develop SMHA(special metal hydride actuator) by using Peltier module as a heating and cooling source.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.199-204
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• 2006

We manufactured the metal hydrides of $(Ti_{0.88}Mg_{0.12})H_2$ using a very easy and cheap way that Ti-12%Mg blending powder was mechanically milled with liquid milling media such as isopropyl alcohol ($C_3H_8O$, containing oxygen) and hexane ($C_6H_{14}$, no oxygen) as hydrogen source. The $(Ti_{0.88}Mg_{0.12})H_2$ synthesized in isopropyl alcohol contained the high oxygen of 11.2%, while one in hexane had the low oxygen content of 0.7%. Such a difference of oxygen content affected the dehydriding behavior, phase transformation, and microstructural evolution at high temperature, which was investigated through X-ray diffraction and DSC measurements, and electron microscope observations.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.715-720
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• 2006

CO와 유사한 분자궤도함수를 갖는 isocyanide 리간드가 포함된$Cp(CO)_{2}(L)MH$ (L = t-butylisocyanide and 2,6-dimethylphenylisocyanide M = Mo and W)를 합성하고, 이 착물과 triflic acid를 사용하여 카르보닐기를 알코올로 전환시키는 실험을 하였다. 또한, 이들 착물을 촉매 전구체로 이용하여 3-pentanone의 수소화 반응을 온화한 조건 ($23^{\circ}C,\;<4.1\;atm H_{2}$)에서 수행하였다. 촉매 활성은 매우 낮았으며, [$Cp(CO)_{2}(ArNC)Mo][BA_{r}^{F}_{4}$]의 경우에 2 turnovers/day의 결과를 나타내었다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.151-157
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• 1999

The development of hydrogen vehicles has been actively progressed in the developed countries such as U. S., Japan and Germany. The most important technology of using hydrogen fuel is to develope a compatible storage tank with respect to the fossil fuel tank. Among many storage methods, the liquid hydrogen is the most desirable state because of the lowest volume and weight. The metal hydride tank is too heavy and the compressed hydrogen tank is too bulky. Because of these reasons, it is the principal purpose to analyze the theoretical heat transfer for designing and manufacturing an actual $LH_2$ tank. The insulation methods of the room between inner and outer vessel are non-vacuum, vacuum, vacuum with MLI(Multi-Layer Insulation). According to the results of the numerically calculated heat leak through the walls of the $LH_2$ tank, the vacuum insulated tank has 20 times and the MLI tank has 5616 times less heat leak than the non-vacuum tank.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.137-145
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• 1996

The Zr-based $AB_2$ type Laves phase hydrogen storage alloys have some promising properties, long cycle life, high discharge capacity, as electrode materials in reversible metal hydride batteries. However, when these alloys are used as negative electrode for battery, there is a problem that their rate capabilities are worse than those of commercialized $AB_5$ type hydrogen storage alloys. In this work, we tried to develop the Zr-based $AB_2$ type Laves phase hydrogen storage alloys which have high capacity and, especially, high rate capability.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1994

Lattice structure, hydrogen absorption characteristics, discharge capacity and cycle life of $V_{22}Ti_{16}Zr_{16}Ni_{39}X_7$(X= Cr, Co, Fe, Mn, Al) alloys were investigated. The matrix phases of these alloys were the C14 Laves phase. Chromium-containing alloy had a vanadium-rich phase in addition to the Laves phase. The chromium, maganese, or aluminum-containing alloys had lower hydrogen equilibrium pressure and larger hydrogen absorption content than the cobalt or iron-containing alloys. The discharge capacities of these alloys were 270~330mAh/g. The discharge capacity according to the alloying element X decreased in the order of Mn>Cr>Co, Al)Fe. The charge/discharge cycle lives of the chromium, cobalt or iron-containing alloys were longer than those of maganese or aluminum-containing alloys due to the lower vanadium dissolution rate.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1989

The hydriding kinetic mechanism and the change of the hydriding reaction rate of $MmNi_{4.5}Al_{0.5}$ during the thermally induced hydrogen absorption-desorption cycling are investigated. Comparison of the reaction rate data which are obtained by the pressure sweep method with the theoretical rate equations suggests that the hydriding rate controlling step has changed from the dissociative chemisorption of hydrogen molecules at the surface to the hydrogen diffusion through the hydride phase with the increase of the hydriding fraction. These hydriding kinetic mechanism is not changed during the cycling. However, the intrinsic hydriding reaction rate of $MmNi_{4.5}Al_{0.5}$ after 5500 cycles increases significantly comparing with the activated one. It is suggested that the change of the hydriding kinetic behavior due to intrinsic degradation of $MmNi_{4.5}Al_{0.5}$ can be interpreted as follows ; the formation of nickel cluster at the surface of the sample and the host metal atom exchange in bulk by thermal cycling.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.458-464
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• 2011

Recently, one of the hydrogen production methods has attracted using dense metallic membrane. It has high hydrogen permeation and selectivity which hardly could adopt industrial product because of high cost, hydrogen embrittlment and thermal stability. Meanwhile, vanadium has high hydrogen solubility and it use to instead of Pd-Ag amorphous membrane. Aluminum carried out blocking hydrogen diffusion on grain boundary therefore protecting hydrogen embrittlement. Most of dense metallic membrane is solution diffusion mechanism. The solution diffusion mechanism was very similar hydrogen storing steps such as steps of metal hydride. Thus, V-Al composites were fabricated to use hydrogen induced mechanical alloying. The fabricated V-Al composites were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS and simultaneous TG/DSC analyses. The hydrogenation behaviors were evaluated using a Sievert's type automatic PCT apparatus. The hydrogenation behaviors of V-Al composites was evaluated too low hydrogen stored capacity and fast hydrogenation kinetics. In PCI results, V-Al composites had low hydrogen solubility, in spite of that, hydrogen kinetics was calculated very fast and hydrogen absorption/desorption contents were same capacity.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.495-503
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• 2011

The sealed nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) secondary battery are primarily used as energy storage for the HEV. But, the research on Ni-MH battery has focused on anode materials. In the present study, we investigate to improve the electrochemical characteristics of Ni-MH batteries using the surface treatment of $Ni(OH)_2$ cathode by CoOOH. Surface treated $Ni(OH)_2$ cathode showed significant improvement in the activation behavior, rate capability, charge retention, and cycle life of the batteries were significantly improved. In addition, the surface treated electrode exhibited the higher overvoltage for oxygen evolution than the untreated electrode. This phenomenon indicates that the charge efficiency can be improved by suppressing the oxygen evolution on cathode.