• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to promote understanding of physical activity and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults and to provide basic data of interventions development for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome. Using the 2020 data for Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1,786 middle-aged adults between the ages of 40 and 64 with no missing data were analyzed. As a result of the study, 56.5(±2.1)% of men and 52.9(±1.81)% of women were sufficient activity group among physical activity, and the proportion of men was higher than that of women, but it was not statistically significant(t=1.27, p=.207). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 38.9(±2.1%) of men and 25.4(±1.5)% of women, the prevalence of men was significantly higher than that of women(t=5.12, p<.001). Compared to the insufficient activity group, the sufficient activity group had a 0.71(95% CI: 0.57~0.88) times the risk of developing low HDL(high density lipoprotein)- cholesterol(p=.002), and this pattern was maintained even after adjusting for age, education level, body mass index, smoking status, and drinking status(p=.002). Based on the results of this study, a physical activity and metabolic syndrome risk group in middle-aged adults should be selected, and physical activity promotion program to improve high density lipoprotein-cholesterol among metabolic syndrome indicators should be developed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.427-433
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• 2008

Objectives: This study was performed to assess the association between physical activity and the clustering of metabolic abnormalities among Korean children. The effect of substituting moderate to vigorous physical activity for the time spent in inactivity was examined as well. Methods: The study subjects were comprised of 692 (354 boys, 338 girls) 4th grade elementary school students. We used a modified form of the physical activity questionnaire that was developed in the Five-City Project. The subjects with clustering of metabolic abnormalities were defined as having two or more of the following five characteristics: waist circumference ${\geq}90\;%$, systolic or diastolic blood pressure ${\geq}90\;%$, fasting glucose ${\geq}110\;mg/dl$, triglycerides ${\geq}110\;mg/dl$ and HDL cholesterol ${\geq}40\;mg/dl$. We calculated the odds ratios to assess the effect of substituting moderate to vigorous physical activity for time spent in inactivity. Results: The risk of clustered metabolic abnormalities was inversely correlated with the increased time spent on moderate to vigorous physical activity, but the correlation was not significant. The odds ratio for clustering of metabolic abnormalities that represented the effect of substituting moderate to vigorous physical activity for 30minutes of sedentary activity was 0.87(95% Cl=0.76-1.01). Conclusions: These findings suggest that substituting moderate to vigorous physical activity for sedentary activity could decrease the risk of clustered metabolic abnormalities.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.20-32
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• 2019

Objectives: This study identified biopsychosocial factors associated with metabolic syndrome among Korean men and women aged over 40 years. Methods: Secondary data from the 2010-2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used for this study. Based on the biopsychosocial model, psychosocial factors (stress, depression, smoking, binge alcohol consumption, physical activity) were assessed with control of biomedical (age, body mass index, family history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease) and biosocial factors (educational level and economic status). Data from 8,624 men and 7,321 women were analyzed by logistic regression analysis using a complex sample procedure. Results: Among men, current or past smoking habits (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 1.349; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.155-1.575, p<.001) and binge alcohol consumption (AOR: 1.570, CI: 1.389-1.774, p<.001) were associated with metabolic syndrome. In addition, moderate (AOR: 1.205, CI: 1.038-1.400, p=.014) and low levels of physical activity (AOR: 1.296, CI: 1.109-1.514, p=.001) were associated with metabolic syndrome. Among women, low level of physical activity (AOR: 1.276, CI: 1.017-1.602, p=.036) was associated with metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Gender specific interventions such as encouraging physical activity and prevention of smoking and excessive alcohol drinking are important to prevention of metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the association between lifestyle factors and the risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean adolescents. Methods : The metabolic syndrome was defined with ${\geq}$ 3 metabolic abnormalities using the age-modified criteria of the Adult Treatment panel III specified by National Cholesterol Education Program in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years who have participated in the Kroean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 1998(n＝936) and 2008(n＝620). Physical activity and dietary intakes were assessed. Results : The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean adolescents declined over 10 years (P < 0.01). Adolescents engaging regular exercise significantly increased over 10 years (P < 0.001). Physically activity was associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome (P < 0.001). Dietary intake patterns were not associated with a risk of metabolic syndrome. Conclusions : The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Korean adolescents declined over 10 years which may be in part due to the increased regular physical activity. The risk of metabolic syndrome is lower in individuals who are physically active.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.715-723
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• 2023

Microbial biofilms are resilient, immune-evasive, often antibiotic-resistant health challenges, and increasingly the target for research into novel therapeutic strategies. We evaluated the effects of a nutraceutical enzyme and botanical blend (NEBB) on established biofilm. Five microbial strains with known implications in chronic human illnesses were tested: Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus simulans (coagulase-negative, penicillin-resistant), Borrelia burgdorferi, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The strains were allowed to form biofilm in vitro. Biofilm cultures were treated with NEBB containing enzymes targeted at lipids, proteins, and sugars, also containing the mucolytic compound N-acetyl cysteine, along with antimicrobial extracts from cranberry, berberine, rosemary, and peppermint. The post-treatment biofilm mass was evaluated by crystal-violet staining, and metabolic activity was measured using the MTT assay. Average biofilm mass and metabolic activity for NEBB-treated biofilms were compared to the average of untreated control cultures. Treatment of established biofilm with NEBB resulted in biofilm-disruption, involving significant reductions in biofilm mass and metabolic activity for Candida and both Staphylococcus species. For B. burgdorferi, we observed reduced biofilm mass, but the remaining residual biofilm showed a mild increase in metabolic activity, suggesting a shift from metabolically quiescent, treatment-resistant persister forms of B. burgdorferi to a more active form, potentially more recognizable by the host immune system. For P. aeruginosa, low doses of NEBB significantly reduced biofilm mass and metabolic activity while higher doses of NEBB increased biofilm mass and metabolic activity. The results suggest that targeted nutraceutical support may help disrupt biofilm communities, offering new facets for integrative combinational treatment strategies.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of 12-week Tai Chi exercise on the autonomic nervous system activity and risk factors of metabolic syndrome in patients with metabolic syndrome. Methods: A single group pre-posttest was used. Subjects were 16 participants aged 51~71 years with metabolic syndrome. All of the subjects were met the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III). The Tai Chi exercise consisted of 19 movements from Yang and Sun styles provided twice a week for 3 months. Metabolic syndrome risk factors including waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) were measured. A heart rate variability device was used to measure the activity of autonomic nervous system. Results: After 12-week Tai Chi exercise, systolic pressure, waist circumference, and HDL-cholesterol improved significantly. Tai Chi exercise had no effect on the autonomic nervous system activity. Conclusion: The 12-week Tai Chi exercise was partially effective in managing risk factors of metabolic syndrome. A larger study with longer period to improve the autonomic nervous system activity in patients with metabolic syndrome is needed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.158-168
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• 2019

This study has researched and analyzed the relation among adolescents metabolic syndrome, dietary life, physical activity and mental health using $7^{th}$ National Nutrition Survey of $1^{st}$ year(2016) to provide the base data for the prevention of adolescent metabolic syndrome and the promotion of mental health. The subjects have been aimed at 13-18 year-old adolescents. The normal group consists of 201 males(56.4%) and 187 females(47.4%) and the adolescents with metabolic syndrome are composed of 9 males(56.4%) and 6 females(43.6%), totally 403 subjects. As a result of analyzing on the relation among adolescents' metabolic syndrome, dietary life, physical activity and mental health, the main influencing factors of metabolic syndrome are as follows. First, with regard to physical features, as BMI increases 1, the prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome multiplies 1.746 times. Second, when eating breakfast once to twice a week, the prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome decreases 0.87 times. Third, with regard to physical activity, as usual sitting hours a day increase 1 hour, the prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome multiplies 1.054 times. Fourth, the relation between metabolic syndrome and mental health of adolescents is not significant at all. Thus, the further study on metabolic syndrome focused on adolescents should be extended through the development of various variables of dietary life, physical activity and mental health focused on adolescents. In addition, the development of effective intervention program combining with dietary life, physical activity and mental health factors is necessary.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.483-494
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• 2015

Purpose: This study identified effects of dietary and physical activity interventions including dietary interventions or physical activity interventions alone or combined dietary-physical activity interventions to improve symptoms in metabolic syndrome including abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low high density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated blood pressure, and elevated fasting glucose through meta-analysis. Methods: Articles on metabolic syndrome X published from 1988 to 2013 were searched through electronic databases, Google Scholar, and reference reviews. Methodological quality was assessed by the checklist, SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network). Results: In the meta-analysis, there were 9 articles reporting 13 interventions with 736 participants. Using random effect models, the dietary and/or physical activity interventions showed a lower mean difference in waist circumference ( - 1.30 cm, 95% CI: - 2.44~ - 0.15, p=.027). The combined dietary-physical activity interventions showed a lower mean difference in waist circumference ( - 2.77 cm, 95% CI: - 4.77~ - 0.76, p=.007) and systolic blood pressure ( - 5.44 mmHg, 95% CI: - 10.76~ - 0.12, p=.044). Additionally, interventions of over 24 weeks yielded a lower mean difference in waist circumference ( - 2.78 cm, 95% CI: - 4.69~ - 0.87, p=.004) and diastolic blood pressure ( - 1.93 mmHg, 95% CI: - 3.63~ - 0.22, p=.026). Conclusion: The findings indicate that dietary and/or physical activity interventions for metabolic syndrome reduce central obesity with no adverse effects. This finding provides objective evidences for dietary and physical activity management on metabolic syndrome as an efficient intervention.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.319-330
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine if physical activity levels relieve the risk of development of metabolic syndrome (Mets) according to smoking intensity among smoking men. Methods: Secondary data from the 2010-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used for this cross sectional study. A total of 3,027 men over the age of 19 were included for data analysis. Complex samples logistic regression was used to analyze the combined effects of smoking and physical activity on Mets. Smoking intensity was categorized as light (${\leq}20cigarettes/day$) or heavy (> 20 cigarettes/day), while physical activity was categorized as light (< 600 metabolic equivalent [MET]-min/week), moderate (600-3,000 MET-min/week), and vigorous (${\geq}3,000MET-min/week$). Results: Mets was less prevalent among light smokers with vigorous physical activity (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 0.632, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.475-0.840) compared to those with light physical activity. Among heavy smokers, physical activity level was not significantly associated with Mets. Conclusion: Only vigorous physical activity exerted protective effects against development of Mets among low intensity smokers. For high intensity smokers, lowering smoking intensity and smoking cessation are also necessary to prevent development of Mets.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.662-672
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• 2019

This study involved a secondary analysis of 2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data to identify the relations between metabolic syndrome, physical activity, and dietary patterns in Korean adults. The ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, and logistic regression analysis of complex samples were conducted on the data of 3,352 subjects aged 19 to 64 years with metabolic syndrome. The prevalences of metabolic syndrome among men and women were 29.7% and 16.7%, respectively. In men, the high physical activity group showed a 0.8-fold increase in the likelihood of metabolic syndrome (OR=0.8, p=.038), and higher fat intake increased the risk of metabolic syndrome 0.98-fold (OR=0.98, p=.007). In women, the high physical activity group showed a 0.7-fold increase in the likelihood of metabolic syndrome (OR=0.71, p=.034), higher carbohydrate intake increased the risk of metabolic syndrome by 1.03-fold (OR=1.03, p<.001), and that higher protein and fat intakes reduced the risk by 0.96-fold (OR=0.96, p=.009) and 0.95-fold (OR=0.95, p<.001), respectively. The study shows that to meet the challenge presented by the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome, efforts are needed to screen for adults at risk of the metabolic syndrome by regular physical examination and to develop and provide intervention programs that involve regular high intensity physical activity and controlled carbohydrate, protein, and fat intakes.