• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.48-65
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• 2022

Objectives : This study was conducted to find out the effectiveness and safety of herbal medicine eye drops on conjunctivitis. Methods : We searched randomized controlled trials on conjunctivitis through 10 DBs from the start to April 27, 2022. Study collection and data extraction, and evaluation of risk of bias were conducted by two independent researchers. The evaluation of the risk of bias in included RCTs was carried out by using Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. And the data synthesis was conducted by using Review Manager(RevMan, ver.5.4). Results : Total of 106 studies are researched and 7 studies of them are finally included. 1. The herbal medicine eye drops are more effective on than the western medicine eye drops, but the heterogeneity was very high. So we conducted sensitivity analysis and compared to the herbal medicine eye drops and the western medicine eye drops, the total effective rate was higher in the herbal medicine eye drops and the heterogeneity was somewhat reduced. 2. In the subgroup analysis, Fufang Xiongdan eye drops and Houttuynia cordata Thunb eye drops are more effective than the western medicine. It may represent substantial heterogeneity. 3. In the subgroup analysis, the herbal medicine eye drops are more effective than antibiotic and antiviral eye drops on acute bacterial conjunctivitis, but showed high heterogeneity. On the other hand, the herbal medicine eye drops are more effective than antibiotic and antiviral eyed drops on acute viral conjuctivitis and showed low heterogeneity. 4. In the subgroup analysis, we compared the effectiveness of herbal and western medicine eye drops according to total effectiveness rate evaluation methods. When comparing the studies calculating the total effective rate by the sum of 'Cured', 'Significantly Impaired', and 'Improved', the effective rate of the herbal medicine eye drops was higher than that of the western medicine eye drops, and the heterogeneity was very low. 5. In most studies, side effects of herbal medicine eye drops were absent or mild. Conclusions : This study shows that herbal medicine eye drops may be more effective than western medicine eye drops and have safety. But further researches are needed to resolve the heterogeneity of this study.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.122-144
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• 2023

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of herbal medicine treatment in patients with cold urticaria. Methods : We searched randomized controlled trials(RCTs) reporting the effects of herbal medicine for cold urticaria through domestic and international databases from their inception to September 2023. The results were summarized in tables. We assessed the risk of bias in included RCTs through Cochrane risk of bias tool and the data synthesis was conducted through RevMan version 5.4. Results : A total of 12 RCTs were included in this review and all trials compared herbal medicine alone treatment(treatment group) with western medicine alone treatment(control group). The total effective rate(TER) of treatment group was statistically higher than that of control group(RR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.38 to 1.62, p<0.00001, I²=65%). On the other hand, when comparing except for 1 trial with different evaluation period, the TER of treatment group was statistically higher than that of control group and heterogeneity was very low(RR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.26 to 1.47, p<0.00001, I²=0%). And when comparing 8 trials using the total symptom score(TSS) change index as an indicator of TER, the TER of treatment group was statistically higher than that of control group and heterogeneity was very low(RR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.26 to 1.51, p<0.00001, I²=0%). The treatment group showed more statistically significant decrease compared to the control group in TSS(MD: -2.51, 95% CI: -2.63 to -2.40, p<0.00001, I²=99%). The relapse rate of treatment group was statistically lower than that of control group(RR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.40, p<0.00001, I²=0%). Mild adverse events such as sleepiness, dizziness were reported in control group and gastric discomfort was reported in treatment group. In the risk of bias assessment, many cases were evaluated as 'Unclear risk'. Conclusions : This review found that herbal medicine alone treatment could more effective and safe than western medicine alone treatment for cold urticaria. But further well-designed researches are needed because of heterogeneity between trials and the quality of the included trials.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2024

본 논문에서는 환자와 같은 특정 객체의 움직임을 감지하고 추적하기 위한 효율적인 영상처리 시스템을 제안한다. 이진화된 차 영상에서 객체의 윤곽선추출을 위하여 기존 알고리즘대비 대비 정밀한 감지가 가능하고 혼성모드설계에 용이한 세선화 알고리즘을 적용하여 영역을 추출한다. 연산량이 많은 이진화와 세선화 단계를 RTL(Register Transfer Level) 기반으로 설계하여 논리회로 합성을 거쳐 최적화된 하드웨어 블록으로 대체된다. 설계된 이진화 및 세선화 블록은 표준 180n CMOS 라이브러리를 이용하여 논리회로로 합성한 후 시뮬레이션을 통하여 동작을 검증하였다. 소프트웨어기반의 성능비교를 위해 32bit FPGA 임베디드시스템 환경에서 640 × 360 해상도의 샘플 영상을 적용하여 이진 및 세선화 연산에 대한 성능분석도 실시하였다. 검증결과 혼성모드 설계가 이전의 소프트웨어로만 이루어지는 처리속도에서 이진 및 세선화 단계에서 93.8% 향상될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 제안된 객체인식을 위한 혼성모드 시스템은 인공지능 네트워크가 적용되지 않는 엣지 컴퓨팅 환경에서도 환자의 움직임을 효율적으로 감시할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 공업화학
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.463-468
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• 2010

콘크리트 유동화제로 사용되는 polycarboxylate 계 콘크리트 유동화제를 합성하였다. 합성에 있어서 친수기인 polyethylene oxide 부가몰 및 분자량에 따른 합성된 유동화제의 물성 및 이의 콘크리트 몰타르에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 합성원료로서 methoxy-polyethyleneglycol 및 methacrylic acid의 종류, methacrylic acid 부가량, 개시제 종류 및 양에 따른 graft 공중합 조건에 따라 얻어진 PC의 물성 및 이가 모르타르에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 물성으로는 PC 수용액의 계면물성, 시멘트 입자의 젖음성, 몰타르의 유동성 및 최종 콘크리트의 강도 등을 측정하였다. 합성된 PC는 수용액에 대한 표면장력 값이 작을수록 시멘트 입자에 대한 젖음성이 우수할수록 우수한 모르타르 유동성을 보였으며 콘크리트의 강도가 높았다. 본 연구 조건에서는 MPEG 대비 MA 함량이 1.3 정도일 경우 그리고 개시제가 KSP일 경우에 합성된 PC가 가장 적합하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1125-1130
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• 2008

A series of dihydroxylated chalcone derivatives with diverse substitution patterns on a phenyl ring B and the para-substituents on a phenyl ring A were prepared, and their radical scavenging activities were evaluated by simple DPPH test to determine quantitative structure-activity relationship in these series of compounds. The chalcone compounds with the ortho- (i.e. 2',3'- and 3',4'-) and para- (i.e. 2,5'-) substitution patterns show an excellent antioxidant activities (80-90% of control at the concentration of 50 $\mu$M) which are comparable to those of ascorbic acid and $\alpha$ -tocopherol as positive reference materials. On the contrary, the compounds with meta- (i.e. 2',4'-, 3',5'-) substitution pattern demonstrate very dramatic decrease in activities which are around 25% of the control even at the concentration of 200 $\mu$ M (IC50 > 200 $\mu$ M). These dramatic differences could be interpreted in terms of the ease formation of fairly stable semiquinone radicals from the ortho- and parasubstituted chalcone molecules through facilitating electron delocalization. Our results indicate that the substitution patterns of two hydroxyl groups on ring B are very important structural factors for their radical scavenging activity enhancement. Meanwhile, the substituents at para-position of the phenyl ring A of chalcones have no influence on the activity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2012

Objective: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are multifunctional enzymes that play a crucial role in the detoxification of both the endogenous products of oxidative stress and exogenous carcinogens. Recent studies investigating the association between genetic polymorphisms in GSTs and the risk of adult brain tumors have reported conflicting results. The rationale of this pooled analysis was to determine whether the presence of a GST variant increases adult glioma susceptibility by combining data from multiple studies. Methods: In our meta-analysis, 12 studies were identified by a search of the MEDLINE, HIGHWIRE, SCIENCEDIRECT and EMBASE databases. Of those 12, 11 evaluated GSTM1, nine evaluated GSTT1 and seven evaluated GSTP1 Ile105Val. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using ${\chi}^2$-based Q statistic and the $I^2$ statistic. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the association between GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms and the risk of adult gliomas. Results: The quantitative synthesis showed no significant evidence to indicate an association exists between the presence of a GSTM1, GSTT1 or GSTP1 Ile105Val haplotype polymorphism and the risk of adult gliomas (OR, 1.008, 1.246, 1.061 respectively; 95% CI, 0.901-1.129, 0.963-1.611, 0.653-1.724 respectively). Conclusions: Overall, this study did not suggest any strong relationship between GST variants or related enzyme polymorphisms and an increased risk of adult gliomas. Some caveats include absence of specific raw information on ethnic groups or smoking history on glioma cases in published articles; therefore, well-designed studies with a clear stratified analysis on potential confounding factors are needed to confirm these results.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.543-551
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• 1985

$p^-$, $m^-$, o-phthalaldehyde 및 5,5'-methylene-bis-salicyl aldehyde (PPTA, MPTA, OPTA, MBSA)와 5,5'-methylene-bis-salicylic dihydrazide, terephthalic dihydrazide 및 sebacic dihydrazide(MBSDH, TDH 및 SDH)등의 디히드라지드 화합물을 DMF-$CH_3COOH$ 혼합용액 중에서 축합반응으로 몇가지 새로운 폴리히드라존을 합성하였다. 합성한 폴리히드라존과 그의 금속킬레이트의 용해성, 흡수스펙트라 및 열적성질에 대하여 검토하였다. OPTA와 MBSDH의 반응으로 얻어진 폴리히드라존을 제외한 폴리히드라존과 그의 금속킬레이트는 일반적으로 보통 유기용매에 불응성이었다. 폴리히드라존의 중량열분석 결과 250-350$^{\circ}$C 사이에서 10%의 중량감소가 일어났고 500$^{\circ}$C고 500 폴리히드라존의 중량열분석 결과 250~350$^{\circ}$C 사이에서 10%의 중량감소가 일어났고 500$^{\circ}$C에서 32.5~63.5% 범위의 잔유중량을 나타내었다. 합성한 폴리히드라존 중에서 PPTA-MBSDH(IIa)및 MBSA-MBSDH(IIIa)가 열분해온도가 비교적 높았으며 IIa의 금속킬레이트에 있어서는 Zn(II)-IIa>Ni(II)-IIa>Co(II)-IIa>Cu(II)-IIa의 순서로 열분해온도가 저하되었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.268-280
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• 2018

Resistance to sliding (RS) between the bracket, wire, and ligature has been largely debated in orthodontics. Despite the extensive number of published studies, the lack of discussion of the methods used has led to little understanding of this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to discuss variables affecting RS in orthodontics and to suggest an operative protocol. The search included $PubMed^{(c)}$, $Medline^{(c)}$, and the Cochrane $Library^{(c)}$. References of full-text articles were manually analyzed. English-language articles published between January 2007 and January 2017 that performed an in vitro analysis of RS between the bracket, wire, and ligature were included. Study methods were analyzed based on the study design, description of materials, and experimental setup, and a protocol to standardize the testing methods was proposed. From 404 articles identified from the database search and 242 records selected from published references, 101 were eligible for the qualitative analysis, and six for the quantitative synthesis. One or more experimental parameters were incompatible and a meta-analysis was not performed. Major factors regarding the study design, materials, and experimental setup were not clearly described by most studies. The normal force, that is the force perpendicular to the sliding of the wire and one of the most relevant variable in RS, was not considered by most studies. Different variables were introduced, often acting as confounding factors. A protocol was suggested to standardize testing procedures and enhance the understanding of in vitro findings.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3463-3471
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• 2015

Background: The principal aim of health service providers in the field of breast cancer is to detect and treat lesions at an appropriate time. Therefore, identification of barriers to screening can be very helpful. The present study aimed to systematically review the qualitative studies for extracting and reporting the barriers of screening for breast cancer from the womans perspective. Materials and Methods: In this systematic review; Pubmed, Google Scholar, Ovid Scopus, Cochrane Library, Iranmedex, and SID were searched using the keywords: screening barriers, cancer, qualitative studies, breast and their Persian equivalents, and the needed data were extracted and analyzed using an extraction table. To assess the quality of the studies, the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool was used. Results: From 2,134 related articles that were found, 21 articles were eventually included in the study. The most important barriers from the point of view of 1,084 women were lack of knowledge, access barriers (financial, geographical, cultural), fear (of results and pain), performance of service providers, women's beliefs, procrastination of screening, embarrassment, long wait for getting an appointment, language problems, and previous negative experiences. Articles' assessment score was 68.9. Conclusions: Increasing women's knowledge, reducing the costs of screening services, cultural promotion for screening, presenting less painful methods, changing beliefs of health service providers, provision of privacy for giving service, decreasing the waiting time, and providing high quality services in a respectful manner can be effective ways to increase breast cancer screening.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.502-506
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• 2004

Two series of 2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)- and 2-(1-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-propyl, allyl and propargyl)thio-1,3,4-thiadiazoles (6a-f) and 2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)- and 2-(1-methyl-5-nitro-1 H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-(nitrobenzyl)thio-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives (8a-f) have been synthesized and evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as part of the TAACF TB screening program under direction of the US National Institute of Health, the NIAID division. Primary screening was conducted at a single concentration, 6.25 $\mu\textrm{g}$mL$^{-1}$ , against M. tuberculosis H$_{37}$ Rv in BACTEC 12B medium, using the Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for the compounds that demonstrated $\geq$90% growth inhibition in the primary screening. A varying degree of antituberculosis activity (from 0-97% of growth inhibition) was observed with the alkylthio series (6a-f), and the nitroimidazole derivative with a propylthio group (6b) and the nitrofuran derivative with a propargylthio group (6e), were the most active compounds (MIC=3.13 and 1.56 /$\mu\textrm{g}$mL$^{-1}$ , respectively). Among the nitrobenzylthio derivatives (8a-f), all the ortho, meta and para nitrobenzyl isomers in the nitrofuran series exhibited good antituberculosis activity (MIC=3.13 $\mu\textrm{g}$mL$^{-1}$ ), while the corresponding nitroimidazole analogues were completely inactive (Inhibition=0%).