The korean journal of orthodontics (대한치과교정학회지)

The Korean Association Of Orthodontists (대한치과교정학회)
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Resistance to sliding in orthodontics: misconception or method error? A systematic review and a proposal of a test protocol

  • Savoldi, Fabio (Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, University of Brescia) ;
  • Papoutsi, Aggeliki (Department of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, Slovak Medical University) ;
  • Dianiskova, Simona (Department of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, Slovak Medical University) ;
  • Dalessandri, Domenico (Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, University of Brescia) ;
  • Bonetti, Stefano (Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, University of Brescia) ;
  • Tsoi, James K.H. (Dental Materials Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong) ;
  • Matinlinna, Jukka P. (Dental Materials Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong) ;
  • Paganelli, Corrado (Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, University of Brescia)
  • Received : 2017.05.24
  • Accepted : 2017.08.09
  • Published : 2018.07.25
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Abstract

Resistance to sliding (RS) between the bracket, wire, and ligature has been largely debated in orthodontics. Despite the extensive number of published studies, the lack of discussion of the methods used has led to little understanding of this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to discuss variables affecting RS in orthodontics and to suggest an operative protocol. The search included $PubMed^{(c)}$, $Medline^{(c)}$, and the Cochrane $Library^{(c)}$. References of full-text articles were manually analyzed. English-language articles published between January 2007 and January 2017 that performed an in vitro analysis of RS between the bracket, wire, and ligature were included. Study methods were analyzed based on the study design, description of materials, and experimental setup, and a protocol to standardize the testing methods was proposed. From 404 articles identified from the database search and 242 records selected from published references, 101 were eligible for the qualitative analysis, and six for the quantitative synthesis. One or more experimental parameters were incompatible and a meta-analysis was not performed. Major factors regarding the study design, materials, and experimental setup were not clearly described by most studies. The normal force, that is the force perpendicular to the sliding of the wire and one of the most relevant variable in RS, was not considered by most studies. Different variables were introduced, often acting as confounding factors. A protocol was suggested to standardize testing procedures and enhance the understanding of in vitro findings.

Keywords

References

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