• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.15 no.10
• /
• pp.93-101
• /
• 2017

This study investigate the effect of each type of search volume on the number of Facebook fans and the number of tourists. According to the hierarchy effect model, the effect of communication appears to be the sequentiality of cognition-attitude-behavior. Applying this theory, this study predicted that when consumers who have higher involvement and knowledge on specific cities through search behavior, they will be more active in information search through Facebook fan page subscription and will lead to direct tourism behavior. To verify the prediction, we examined the influences among search volume of Seoul shown in Google Trend, the number of fans of official facebook page named 'Seoul Korea', and the number of foreign tourists. As a result, the type of search keyword was divided into four categories: tourism attraction keyword, natural environment keyword, symbolic keyword, and accessibility keyword. The regression analysis showed that tourism attraction keyword and symbolic keyword have influence on Facebook fanpage 'Like'. In addition, facebook fanpage fan size have mediation effect between search volume and number of tourists. All in all, it would be useful to appeal to foreign tourists with a message that emphasizes tourism attraction and Korea-related contents.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.472-482
• /
• 1994

Cytokines expressed specifically in leukocytes subsets and in activated cells, which are involved in chemotaxis and activation of leukocytes, are recently defined as chemokines. Macrophage inflammatory $protein-1{\alpha}(MIP-1{\alpha})$ and $MIP-1{\beta}$ are members of C-C chemokine subfamily which produces wide immunomodulatory, proinflammatory, and hematopoietic modulatory actions. We have studied their gene expression by using Northern blot analysis in various blood cells such as cytolytic T lymphocyte(CTL), helper T lymphocyte(HTL), macrophage, and B lymphocyte. Resting CTL line CTLL-R8 expressed $MIP-1{\alpha}$ mRNA which was downregulated by ConA stimulation. Both of resting and ConA stimulated HTL line Hut78 and Jurkat did not express $MIP-1{\alpha}$ mRNA. There was detectable $MIP-1{\alpha}$ transcript in HTL hybridoma 2B4.11 which was a little upstimulated by ConA stimulation. B cell line 230, and macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and WR19M.1 showed distinct $MIP-1{\alpha}$ message which were induced after LPS stimulation. Expression pattern of $MIP-1{\beta}$ in all cell lines or cell were almost identical to that of $MIP-1{\alpha}$. Also strategies employed to identify and characterize the biological functions was preceded by receptor cloning to trace the shorcut to the final goal of cytokine research. For the cloning of $MIP-1{\alpha}$ receptor(R), we used synthetic oligonucleotides of transmembrane(T) conserved sequences of already cloned human(h) IL-8-R, and performed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) amplification using murine(m) macrophage cell line mRNA. Among 5RT-PCR products, we isolated a homologous cDNA with hIL-8-R which were shown to be putative mIL-8-R cDNA.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.267-278
• /
• 1995

Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PMN) are the most numerous host cell in periodontal pockets and their presumed role is to form a protective barrier between the bacteria and periodontal tissues. Microbial component LPS activates macrophages to produce $IL-1{\beta}$, $MIP-1{\alpha}$, $-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6, etc. These cytokines have autocrine function to the macrophages, and paracrine function to other cell such as PMN and affect them to produce some biological functions. In the present study, human PMN were tested for the expression of $IL-1{\beta}$ and $MIP-1{\alpha}$ mRNA. Also we performed the receptor binding assay and in vitro assay for the antimicrobial action of HL-60 cell to determine whether HL-60 can replace the peripheral PMN in analyzing the biological functions. PMN were stimulated with $IL-1{\beta}$, TPA, $MIP-1{\alpha}$, LPS, IL-2 and total cytoplasmic RNA were extracted for the northern blot analysis. In order to determine the induction kinetics of $IL-1{\beta}$ or $MIP-1{\alpha}$ mRNA expression, cells were stimulated for 0,1,2,3 hours. We found peak expression of $IL-1{\beta}$ mRNA after 1hr of induction with $IL-1{\beta}$, LPS and after 2hr of induction with TPA. $MIP-l{\alpha}$ also induced but a scarce $IL-l{\beta}$ message from PMN. In contrast to the $IL-l{\beta}$ mRNA expression, $MIP-1{\alpha}$ were not induced from PMN in any culture conditions. Receptors for $MIP-1{\alpha}$ were identified on dibutyryl cyclic AMP(dbcAMP)-treated HL-60 as well as peripheral PMN. dbcAMP treatment significantly enhanced antimicrobial action of undifferentiated HL-60 cell. MIP-1 further increased enhancing effect of dbcAMP. $IL-1{\beta}$, to a lesser extent, also increased dbcAMP-induced enhancing effect of antimicrobial action of HL-60 cell.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.628-645
• /
• 2010

To perform the engagement level simulation between the underwater vehicle model and the surface model those are constituted with various systems/ sub-systems, we implemented four different federates as a federation according to the IEEE 1516 HLA (High Level Architecture) protocol that is the international standard in the distributed simulation. Those are CFCS (Command and Fire Control System) federate, motion federate, external entities (torpedos, countermeasure and surfaceship) federate, and visualization federate that interacts with OSG (Open Scene Graph)-based visualization rendering module. In this paper, we present the detailed method about the model constitution for discrete event simulation in the distributed environment. For the sake of this purpose, we introduce the DEVS (Discrete Event System Specification)-HLA-based modeling method of the CFCS federate that reflects not only the interations between models, but also commands from user and tactics manager that is separated from the model. The CFCS federate makes decisions in various missions such as the normal diving, the barrier misision, the target motion analysis, the torpedo launch, and the torpedo evasion. In the perspective of DEVS modeling, the CFCS federate is the coupled model that has the tactical data process model, command model and fire control model as an atomic model. The message passing and time synchronization with other three federates are settled by the $m\ddot{a}k$ RTI (Runtime Infrastructure) that supports IEEE 1516. In this paper, we provides the detailed modeling method of the complicated model that has hierarchical relationship such as the CFCS system in the submarine and that satisfies both of DEVS modeling method for the discrete event simulation and HLA modeling method for the distributed simulation.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.111-120
• /
• 2000

Certain complex forces are existing at the other side of a canvas. These are visual arrangements and within the arrangement, even the simple combination of dots and lines create more than visual patterns. No matter what form that visual art has taken, it is performed in a certain space and it is constucted with various visual elements. For effective communication, visual elements must form a stable sturcture by extablishing organic relationship among each other. These requires an understanding of the human visual characteristics and psychonology, because human sight senses the same biological and psychological visual elements differently in its force and weight, according to the position within a given space. Although the structure which controls such force and weight exists within a peice of work, it is a internal plan of the work that actually controls the communication through a man\ulcorner psychological reactions towards the horizontal and virtical structures within it. Moreover it is a visual statement that effectively expresses a theme or a message. This thesis has studied visual structures through the analysis of art pieces regarding of these kind of a visual picture plane, characteristics of a picture plane formed by a structure of force existing on the other side of the picture and the theory of visual balance. In addition, the aim of this study is to help designers who deals with visual image works to understand the visual structures and psychological recognitions and to apply these picture plane compositions at their real work by recognizing the psychological power within the construction elements.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
• /
• s.35
• /
• pp.181-208
• /
• 2014

Kon Satoshi is a representative animation film director who explores human's intrinsic self-identity based on ambivalence and delivers a message for self-reflection of entity. The aim of this study is to analyze the persona of character according to the way how a self incorporates with another self in his film; that is to say, how a mask of the personality expresses and realizes itself from the perspectives of the Jung's analytical psychology. The persona, defined as the upmost external personality, involves social behavior playing a specific role to establish constant relationship with others in a society. With increasing demand in a society, individuals get to adapt to outer environment by playing his/her given role in various masks of personality. In this way, although persona acts as a major function in relationship with outer world, it would exert a negative influence on formation of self-identity because of the inconsistency between consciousness and unconsciousness when immersed only in mask of personality, complying excessively with the demand of group. However, persona does not always have a negative effect on relationships. Developed adequately to fulfill its social function, persona is helpful to establish a healthy self-identity with balanced control between inner world of unconsciousness and outer world of consciousness. From these perspectives, this study can identify how the desire of mask hidden inside of each character expresses to function in a positive or negative way by analyzing characters in the film according to integrated pattern and correlation between consciousness and unconsciousness. Additionally, I hope that the psychological research methods in this study will be full of help for interpreting on a character analysis as a theoretical approach.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.370-381
• /
• 2005

Mobile IP provides an efficient and scalable mechanism for host mobility within the Internet. Using Mobile If, mobile nodes may change their point of attachment to the Internet without changing their If address. However, it would result in a high signaling cost. To reduce the signaling cost, we factor in the fact that mobile users will not be actively communicating much of the time. In fact, there Is no necessity to send a binding update message to the home agent when an mobile node does not communicates with others while moving. From this point of view, we propose a lazy update strategy for minimizing signaling cost using the forwarding pointer in hierarchical Mobile IPv6. In our proposal, binding updates are sent only when a mobile node is in a busy mode. If an mobile node is in a dormant mode, binding update messages are delayed until busy mode using the forwarding pointer. As a result, our proposal can reduce the total signaling cost by eliminating unnecessary binding update messages when a mobile node Is in a dormant mode. In addition to, our proposal reduces unnecessary location update cost resulting from ping-pong effect under mobile node's dormant mode. Analysis results using the discrete analytic model presented in this paper shows that our proposal can has superior performance than hierarchical Mobile nv6 when the call-to-mobility ratio is low and the length of the forwarding pointer chain K is low.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.34 no.10B
• /
• pp.1050-1061
• /
• 2009

The Tactical Internet(TI) managed by Infantry Brigades is used for the purpose of sharing information of Command Control and Situation Awareness. When there are more than two destinations to transmit data in the TI system, a multicasting is utilized based on pre-defined multicast groups. However even in the case when a source node needs to send some messages like weathercast and attack alarm etc to only a part of Battalion or Brigades in a specific geographical region (destination region), the current TI multicasting protocol is designed to transmit the messages to the pre-defined group or all of the Battalion/Brigade nodes, resulting in inefficiency in terms of end-to-end delay and overhead. In this paper, we propose more efficient protocol for such cases, named as "Tactical Internet Geocasting (TIG)". The proposed scheme firstly checks whether the destination region belongs to one Battalion region or more than two Battalion regions using location information, and then performs a greedy forwarding from the source node to the destination region, followed by a local flooding inside of the destination region. With performance analysis and simulations using NS-2, TIG is compared to the current TI multicasting protocol (i.e., Simplified MDP) and the LBM (Location-based Multicast). The simulation results show that the proposed TIG is more efficient than both in terms of delay and network overhead.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.15 no.9
• /
• pp.453-461
• /
• 2017

The video image in the movie has become more spectacular than ever, and the expression area and the subject have been infinitely expanded, but it can not be said that the range of imagination has expanded. Instead, the 60s and 70s, which were the epochs of popular culture, The film that implements the artististic visual style and expression style of the artist. Stanley Kubrick's "Clockwork Orange", which has been pursuing technological perfection and experimental style, was created using traditional video grammar and gained a great repercussion with outstanding material and high artistic expression technique at that time. These techniques have led audiences to rational observation through irony, rather than emotional sympathy for the situation, for extreme violence and sensational films. This is because the purpose of the director was not to be in technological perfection but to reveal the contradictions of the real society and to reflect on the meaning of the existence of society itself. These creative traditional visual grammar and expression methods are a good visual style that enables the intentionally transmitted message to be transmitted more intensely and effectively, and the artistic depth can be created at the same time by unconsciously perceiving the meaning present on the back to the audience.

• The Mathematical Education
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.15-23
• /
• 1988

We are at the onset of a major revolution in education, a revolution unparalleled since the invention of the printing press. The computer will be the instrument of this revolution. Computers and computer application are everywhere these days. Everyone can't avoid the influence of the computer in today's world. The computer is no longer a magical, unfamiliar tool that is used only by researchers or scholars or scientists. The computer helps us do our jobs and even routine tasks more effectively and efficiently. More importantly, it gives us power never before available to solve complex problems. Mathematics instruction in secondary schools is frequently perceived to be more a amendable to the use of computers than are other areas of the school curriculum. This is based on the perception of mathematics as a subject with clearly defined objectives and outcomes that can be reliably measured by devices readily at hand or easily constructed by teachers or researchers. Because of this reason, the first large-scale computerized curriculum projects were in mathematics, and the first educational computer games were mathematics games. And now, the entire mathematics curriculum appears to be the first of the traditional school curriculum areas to be undergoing substantial trasformation because of computers. Recently, many research-Institutes of our country are going to study on computers in orders to use it in mathematics education, but the study is still start ing-step. In order to keep abreast of this trend necessity, and to enhance mathematics teaching/learning which is instructed lecture-based teaching/learning at the present time, this study aims to develop/present practical method of computer-using. This is devided into three methods. 1. Programming teaching/learning method This part is presented the following five types which can teach/learn the mathematical concepts and principle through concise program. (Type 1) Complete a program. (Type 2) Know the given program's content and predict the output. (Type 3) Write a program of the given flow-chart and solve the problem. (Type 4) Make an inference from an error message, find errors and correct them. (Type 5) Investigate complex mathematical fact through program and annotate a program. 2. Problem-solving teaching/learning method solving This part is illustrated how a computer can be used as a tool to help students solve realistic mathematical problems while simultaneously reinforcing their understanding of problem-solving processes. Here, four different problems are presented. For each problem, a four-stage problem-solving model of polya is given: Problem statement, Problem analysis, Computer program, and Looking back/Looking ahead. 3. CAI program teaching/learning method This part is developed/presented courseware of sine theorem section (Mathematics I for high school) in order to avail individualized learning or interactive learning with teacher. (Appendix I, II)