• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.116-116
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• 2023

대규모 댐과 같은 수공구조물의 파괴시 상당한 피해가 발생하므로 구조물설계시 가능최대강수량(PMP) 기준이 적용된다. 포락선 방법은 가장 극심했던 강우량의 포락선을 작성하여 PMP를 산정하는 방법으로 기상 및 강수량자료가 부족시 PMP 추정이 어려운 경우에 사용한다. 포락선의 근사식은 지속시간의 거듭제곱인 멱함수 형태로 나타내며, 우리나라의 경우 1일을 전후로 계수와 차수가 다른 식을 사용한다. 이러한 근사식은 우리나라의 이상홍수 발생빈도 및 규모가 커짐에 따라 검토될 필요성이 있다. 또한, PMP 산정시 활용하는 제한된 수의 지상관측자료는 시공간적 변동성을 완전히 포착할 수 없어 한계가 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위하여 기상레이더 자료를 기반으로 우리나라 전역의 최대 강우깊이-지속시간 관계를 분석 및 새로운 PMP 포락선을 제시한다. 활용한 레이더는 CMAX(Column Maximum)로 2009~2018년간 10분 단위자료를 수집하였다. 레이더 자료와 비교하기 위하여 지상관측자료 AWS를 함께 수집하였다. AWS는 1997~2022년간 1분 단위자료로 우리나라 전역의 547개 지점관측자료를 활용하였다. 레이더자료는 Z-R 관계식으로 변환하여 가외치(outlier)를 제거 및 보정하였다. 그 후, 정규 크리깅기법으로 생성한 지상관측 강우장과 병합하는 CM(Conditional Merging)기법을 적용하였다. 우리나라 최대 강우깊이-지속시간 관계를 산정한 결과, 기존 포락선의 값이 낮게 산정되었음을 확인하였다. 이는 기후변화 등에 따라 최근 극한 호우가 발생한 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 실제 근사식은 멱함수 거동에서 벗어난 형태로 나타났고, 지점관측자료가 기상레이더 값보다 과소추정되는 경향을 확인하였다. 특히 같은 기간에서 확인하였을 때, 강우지속시간이 짧을수록 AWS값과 레이더자료의 강수량이 2배 정도 차이를 보여 지점관측소가 없는 지역의 국지성 호우 존재를 확인할 수 있었다. 추후, 미래에 더 긴 레이더 시계열을 사용한다면, 더욱 신뢰성 있는 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단한다.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.95-101
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• 2023

Colmap is one of the innovative artificial intelligence technologies, highly effective as a tool in 3D reconstruction tasks. Moreover, it excels at constructing intricate 3D models by utilizing images and corresponding metadata. Colmap generates 3D models by merging 2D images, camera position data, depth information, and so on. Through this, it achieves detailed and precise 3D reconstructions, inclusive of objects from the real world. Additionally, Colmap provides rapid processing by leveraging GPUs, allowing for efficient operation even within large data sets. In this paper, we have presented a method of collecting 2D images of traditional Korean towers and reconstructing them into 3D models using Colmap. This study applied this technology in the restoration process of traditional stone towers in South Korea. As a result, we confirmed the potential applicability of Colmap in the field of cultural heritage restoration.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.25-31
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• 2009

Widely used color information recognition methods based on the RGB color model with static fuzzy inference rules have limitations due to the model itself-the detachment of human vision and applicability of limited environment. In this paper, we propose a method that is based on HSI model with new inference process that resembles human vision recognition process. Also, a user can add, delete, update the inference rules in this system. In our method, we design membership intervals with sine, cosine function in H channel and with functions in trigonometric style in S and I channel. The membership degree is computed via interval merging process. Then, the inference rules are applied to the result in order to infer the color information. Our method is proven to be more intuitive and efficient compared with RGB model in experiment.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.29-61
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• 2019

Within the discipline of International Relations (IR), the literatures on global governance (GG) and great power management (GPM) at best ignore each other, and at worst treat the other as a rival or enemy. On the one hand, the GPM literature, like both realism in all its forms, and neoliberalism, takes for granted the ongoing, disproportionate influence of the great powers in the management of the international system/society, and does not look much beyond that. On the other hand, the GG literature emphasizes the roles of smaller states, non-state actors and intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), and tends to see great powers more as part of the problem than as part of the solution. This paper argues that the rise to prominence of a non-traditional security agenda, and particularly of human security, has triggered a de facto merger of GPM and GG that the IR literature usually treated as separate and often opposed theories. We use the Ebola crisis of 2014-15 to show how an issue framed as human security brought about a multi-actor response that combined the key elements of GPM and GG. The security framing overrode many of the usual inhibitions between great powers and non-state actors in humanitarian crises, including even the involvement of great power military forces. Through examining broadly the way in which the Ebola crisis is tackled, we argue that in an age of growing human security challenges, GPM and GG are necessarily and fruitfully merging. The role of great powers in this new human security environment is moving away from the simple means and ends of traditional GPM. Now, great powers require the ability to cooperate and coordinate with multiple-level actors to make the GG/GPM nexus more effective and sustainable. In doing so they can both provide crucial resources quickly, and earn respect and status as responsible great powers. IGOs provide legitimation and coordination to the GPM/GG package, and non-state actors (NSAs) provide information, specialist knowledge and personnel, and links into public engagement. In this way, the unique features of the Ebola crisis provide a model for how the merger of GPM and GG might be taken forward on other shared-fate threats facing global international society.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.153-153
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• 2022

Large-scale and accurate observations at fine spatial resolution through a means of remote sensing offer an effective tool for capturing rainfall variability over the traditional rain gauges and weather radars. Although satellite rainfall products (SRPs) derived using two major estimation approaches were evaluated worldwide, their practical applications suffered from limitations. In particular, the traditional top-down SRPs (e.g., IMERG), which are based on direct estimation of rain rate from microwave satellite observations, are mainly restricted with their coarse spatial resolution, while applications of the bottom-up approach, which allows backward estimation of rainfall from soil moisture signals, to novel high spatial resolution soil moisture satellite sensors over South Korea are not introduced. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the performances of a state-of-the-art bottom-up SRP (the self-calibrated SM2RAIN model) applied to the C-band SAR Sentinel-1, a statistically downscaled version of the conventional top-down IMERG SRP, and their integration for a targeted high spatial resolution of 0.01° (~ 1-km) over central South Korea, where the differences in climate zones (coastal region vs. mainland region) and vegetation covers (croplands vs. mixed forests) are highlighted. The results indicated that each single SRP can provide plus points in distinct climatic and vegetated conditions, while their drawbacks have existed. Superior performance was obtained by merging these individual SRPs, providing preliminary results on a complementary high spatial resolution SRP over central South Korea. This study results shed light on the further development of integration framework and a complementary high spatial resolution rainfall product from multi-satellite sensors as well as multi-observing systems (integrated gauge-radar-satellite) extending for entire South Korea, toward the demands for urban hydrology and microscale agriculture.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.313-322
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• 2020

The recognition of the risk hazards is a vital step to effectively prevent accidents on a construction site. The advanced development in computer vision systems and the availability of the large visual database related to construction site made it possible to take quick action in the event of human error and disaster situations that may occur during management supervision. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the risk factors that need to be managed at the construction site and review appropriate and effective technical methods for each risk factor. This research focuses on analyzing Occupational Safety and Health Agency (OSHA) related to risk zone identification rules that can be adopted by the image recognition technology and classify their risk factors depending on the effective technical method. Therefore, this research developed a pattern-oriented classification of OSHA rules that can employ a large scale of safety hazard recognition. This research uses joint reasoning of risk zone Identification and numeric input by utilizing a stereo camera integrated with an image detection algorithm such as (YOLOv3) and Pyramid Stereo Matching Network (PSMNet). The research result identifies risk zones and raises alarm if a target object enters this zone. It also determines numerical information of a target, which recognizes the length, spacing, and angle of the target. Applying image detection joint logic algorithms might leverage the speed and accuracy of hazard detection due to merging more than one factor to prevent accidents in the job site.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2023.10a
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• pp.659-663
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• 2023

이 논문은 한국어 음성인식 성능을 개선하고자 기존 음성인식 과정을 자모단위 음성인식 모델과 신경망 기반 자모 병합 모델 총 두 단계로 구성하였다. 한국어는 조합어 특성상 음성 인식에 필요한 음절 단위가 약 2900자에 이른다. 이는 학습 데이터셋에 자주 등장하지 않는 음절에 대해서 음성인식 성능을 저하시키고, 학습 비용을 높이는 단점이 있다. 이를 개선하고자 음절 단위의 인식이 아닌 51가지 자모 단위(ㄱ-ㅎ, ㅏ-ㅞ)의 음성인식을 수행한 후 자모 단위 인식 결과를 음절단위의 한글로 병합하는 과정을 수행할 수 있다[1]. 자모단위 인식결과는 초성, 중성, 종성을 고려하면 규칙 기반의 병합이 가능하다. 하지만 음성인식 결과에 잘못인식된 자모가 포함되어 있다면 최종 병합 결과에 오류를 생성하고 만다. 이를 해결하고자 신경망 기반의 자모 병합 모델을 제시한다. 자모 병합 모델은 분리되어 있는 자모단위의 입력을 완성된 한글 문장으로 변환하는 작업을 수행하고, 이 과정에서 음성인식 결과로 잘못인식된 자모에 대해서도 올바른 한글 문장으로 변환하는 오류 수정이 가능하다. 본 연구는 한국어 음성인식 말뭉치 KsponSpeech를 활용하여 실험을 진행하였고, 음성인식 모델로 Wav2Vec2.0 모델을 활용하였다. 기존 규칙 기반의 자모 병합 방법에 비해 제시하는 자모 병합 모델이 상대적 음절단위오류율(Character Error Rate, CER) 17.2% 와 단어단위오류율(Word Error Rate, WER) 13.1% 향상을 확인할 수 있었다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.56-61
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• 2010

This paper describes optimization methods of acoustic models in HMM-based continuous speech recognition. Most of the conventional speech recognition systems use the same number of Gaussian mixture components for each HMM state. However, since the number of data samples available for each state is different from each other, it is possible to reduce the overall number of model parameters and the computational cost at the decoding step by optimizing the number of Gaussian mixture components. In this study, we introduced the Gaussian mixture weight term at the merging stage of Gaussian components in the minimum description length (MDL) based acoustic modeling optimization. Experimental results showed that the proposed method can obtain better ASR accuracy than the previous optimization method which does not consider the Gaussian mixture weight term.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.40.1-40.19
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• 2024

Importance: The creation of robust maternal-embryonic interactions and implantation models is important for comprehending the early stages of embryonic development and reproductive disorders. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture systems often fail to accurately mimic the highly complex in vivo conditions. The employment of three-dimensional (3D) organoids has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome these limitations in recent years. The advancements in the field of organoid technology have opened new avenues for studying the physiology and diseases affecting female reproductive tract. Observations: This review summarizes the current strategies and advancements in the field of 3D organoids to establish maternal-embryonic interaction and implantation models for use in research and personalized medicine in assisted reproductive technology. The concepts of endometrial organoids, menstrual blood flow organoids, placental trophoblast organoids, stem cell-derived blastoids, and in vitro-generated embryo models are discussed in detail. We show the incorportaion of organoid systems and microfluidic technology to enhance tissue performance and precise management of the cellular surroundings. Conclusions and Relevance: This review provides insights into the future direction of modeling maternal-embryonic interaction research and its combination with other powerful technologies to interfere with this dialogue either by promoting or hindering it for improving fertility or methods for contraception, respectively. The merging of organoid systems with microfluidics facilitates the creation of sophisticated and functional organoid models, enhancing insights into organ development, disease mechanisms, and personalized medical investigations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.61-66
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• 2023

In this study, we analyzed the flooded area around Samcheok Middle School caused by typhoons MAYSAK·HAISHEN in September 2020. To analyze the confluence of Samcheok Osipcheon, local stream Deungbongcheon, we utilized Iber, a two-dimensional hydraulic model. We simulated the water depth and flood extent based on the peak flows on September 3 and September 7, 2020, and the 80 year and 100 year frequency floods. The simulation results showed that the 80-year frequency flood and the 100-year frequency flood on September 7 were insignificantly different, but the maximum flow rate from September 3 to September 7 was significantly different at 401 m³/s, resulting in a difference of 0.8 m in water depth and 7.1 m² in flood area. In addition, the analysis that considered only the contour lines using contour lines predicted inundation of not only the Samcheok Middle School playground but also the building, confirming the need to apply DSM.